SEMESTER IV

PHARMACOLOGY - II
Including Fundamentals of Prescribing Module

PLACEMENT : SEMESTER IV PHAR-II-205

THEORY : 3 Credits (60 hours)
DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to enable students to acquire understanding of
Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, principles of therapeutics & nursing implications.
Further it develops understanding of fundamental principles of prescribing in students.
COMPETENCIES: On completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Explain the drugs used in the treatment of ear, nose, throat and eye disorders.
2. Explain the drugs used in the treatment of urinary system disorders.
3. Describe the drugs used in the treatment of nervous system disorders.
4. Explain the drugs used for hormonal replacement and for the pregnant women during antenatal,
intra natal and postnatal period.
5. Explain the drugs used to treat emergency conditions and immune disorders.
6. Discuss the role and responsibilities of nurses towards safe administration of drugs used to treat
disorders of various systems with basic understanding of pharmacology.
7. Demonstrate understanding about the drugs used in alternative system of medicine.
8. Demonstrate understanding about the fundamental principles of prescribing.

COURSE OUTLINE
T – Theory
Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
I 4 (T)  Describe drugs Drugs used in disorders of
used in Ear, Nose, Throat & Eye
disorders of ear,
nose, throat and  Antihistamines
eye and nurses‘  Topical applications for
responsibilities eye (Chloramphenicol,
Gentamycin eye drops),  Lecture cum
ear (Soda glycerin, boric Discussion  Short answer
spirit ear drops), nose and
buccal cavity-  Drug study/  Objective type
chlorhexidine mouthwash presentation
 Composition, action,
dosage, route, indications,
contraindications, drug
interactions, side effects,
adverse effects, toxicity
and role of nurse
II 4 (T)  Describe drugs Drugs used on urinary  Lecture cum
acting on system Discussion  Short answer
urinary system
& nurse‘s  Pharmacology of  Drug study/  Objective type
commonly used drugs presentation

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
responsibilities o Renin angiotensin system
o Diuretics and antidiuretics
o Drugs toxic to kidney
o Urinary antiseptics
o Treatment of UTI –
acidifiers and
alkalinizers
 Composition, action,
dosage, route, indications,
contraindications, Drug
interactions, side effects,
adverse effects toxicity
and role of nurse
III 10 (T)  Describe drugs Drugs acting on nervous
used on nervous system
system &
nurse‘s  Basis & applied
responsibilities pharmacology of
commonly used drugs
 Analgesics and
anaesthetics
o Analgesics: Non-
steroidal anti-
inflammatory
(NSAID) drugs
o Antipyretics
o Opioids & other central
analgesics
 General (techniques
of GA, pre
anesthetic
medication) & local
anesthetics
 Gases: oxygen,  Lecture cum
nitrous, oxide, Discussion  Short answer
carbon-dioxide &  Drug study/  Objective type
others presentation
 Hypnotics and sedatives
 Skeletal muscle relaxants
 Antipsychotics
o Mood stabilizers
 Antidepressants
 Antianxiety Drugs
 Anticonvulsants
 Drugs for
neurodegenerative
disorders & miscellaneous
drugs
 Stimulants, ethyl alcohol
and treatment of methyl
alcohol poisoning
 Composition, action,
dosage, route, indications,
contraindications, drug

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
interactions, side effects,
adverse effects toxicity
and role of nurse
IV 5 (T)  Describe drugs Drugs used for hormonal,
used for disorders and
hormonal supplementation,
disorder & contraception and medical
supplementation termination of pregnancy
, contraception
& medical  Estrogens and
termination of progesterones
pregnancy & o Oral contraceptives and
nurse‘s hormone replacement
responsibilities therapy  Lecture cum
 Vaginal contraceptives Discussion  Short answer

 Drugs for infertility and  Drug study/  Objective type

medical termination of presentation
pregnancy
o Uterine stimulants and
relaxants
 Composition, actions
dosage route indications
contraindications, drugs
interactions, side effects,
adverse effects, toxicity
and role of nurse
V 3 (T)  Develop Drugs used for pregnant
understanding women during antenatal,
about important labour and postnatal period
drugs used for
women before,  Tetanus prophylaxis
during and after  Iron and Vit K1
 Lecture cum
labour supplementation Discussion  Short answer
 Oxytocin, Misoprostol  Drug study/  Objective type
 Ergometrine presentation
 Methyl prostaglandin F2-
alpha
 Magnesium sulphate
 Calcium gluconate
VI 10 (T)  Describe drugs Miscellaneous
used in
deaddiction,  Drugs used for deaddiction
emergency,  Drugs used in CPR and
poisoning, emergency- adrenaline,
vitamins & Chlorpheniramine,
minerals hydrocortisone,
supplementation Dexamethasone  Lecture cum
, drugs used for Discussion  Short answer
immunization &  IV fluids & electrolytes  Drug study/  Objective type
immune- replacement
presentation
suppression &  Common poisons, drugs
nurse‘s used for treatment of
responsibilities poisoning
o Activated charcoal
o Ipecac
o Antidotes,

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
o Anti-snake venom (ASV)
 Vitamins and minerals
supplementation
 Vaccines & sera
(Universal immunization
program schedules)
 Anticancer drugs:
Chemotherapeutic drugs
commonly used
 Immuno-suppressants and
Immuno-stimulants
VII 4 (T)  Demonstrate Introduction to
awareness of drugs used in
common drugs alternative systems
used in  Lecture cum
of medicine  Short answer
alternative Discussion
system of  Ayurveda, Homeopathy,  Objective type
Unani and Siddha etc.  Observational visit
medicine
 Drugs used for common
ailments
VIII 20 (T)  Demonstrate Fundamental principles of
understanding prescribing
about
 Prescriptive role of nurse
fundamental  *Completion of
principles of practitioners: Introduction  Short answer
module on
prescribing  Legal and ethical issues Fundamental  Assignments
related to prescribing principles of evaluation
 Principles of prescribing prescribing
 Steps of prescribing
 Prescribing competencies
* Mandatory module

References / Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Padmaja Udayakumar. Pharmacology for Nurses, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
2. Chandrasekhar R. Text Book of Pharmacology for Nursing students, EMMESS Publications.
3. Meena Shrivastava. Fundamental and Applied pharmacology for Nurses, Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers.
4. Joginder Singh Pathania, Rupendra Kumar, Bharati Vikas Sood. Textbook of Pharmacology for
BSc Nursing Students, CBS Publishers.
5. Suresh K Sharma. Textbook of Pharmacology, Pathology and Genetics for Nurses, Vol II. Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers.
6. Satoskar R S, Nirmala Rege, SD Bhandarkar. Pharmacology and Pharmaco-therapeutics, Elsevier
India
7. Thripathi K D, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
8. Drug Indices and online resources, resources from Ministry of AYUSH, https://www.ayush.gov.in

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 PATHOLOGY - II AND GENETICS

PLACEMENT : SEMESTER IV PATH-II-210

THEORY : 1 Credit (20 hours) (Includes lab hours also)
DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to enable students to acquire knowledge of
pathology of various disease conditions, understanding of genetics, its role in causation
and management of defects and diseases and to apply this knowledge in practice of
nursing.
COMPETENCIES: On completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Apply the knowledge of pathology in understanding the deviations from normal to abnormal
pathology
2. Rationalize the various laboratory investigations in diagnosing pathological disorders
3. Demonstrate the understanding of the methods of collection of blood, body cavity fluids, urine
and feces for various tests
4. Apply the knowledge of genetics in understanding the various pathological disorders
5. Appreciate the various manifestations in patients with diagnosed genetic abnormalities
6. Rationalize the specific diagnostic tests in the detection of genetic abnormalities.
7. Demonstrate the understanding of various services related to genetics.
PATHOLOGY – II
COURSE OUTLINE
T – Theory
Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
I 5 (T)  Explain Special Pathology:
pathological Pathological changes in
changes in disease conditions of selected
disease systems
conditions of
various systems 1. Kidneys and Urinary
Tract
 Glomerulonephritis
 Pyelonephritis
 Renal calculi
 Lecture
 Cystitis
 Renal Cell Carcinoma  Discussion
 Short answer
 Renal Failure (Acute and  Explain using slides,
Chronic) X-rays and scans  Objective type
2. Male Genital Systems  Visit to pathology lab,
 Cryptorchidism endoscopy unit and OT
 Testicular atrophy
 Prostatic hyperplasia
 Carcinoma penis and
Prostate.
3. Female Genital System
 Carcinoma cervix
 Carcinoma of
endometrium

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
 Uterine fibroids
 Vesicular mole and
Choriocarcinoma
 Ovarian cyst and tumors
4. Breast
 Fibrocystic changes
 Fibroadenoma
 Carcinoma of the Breast
5. Central Nervous System
 Meningitis.
 Encephalitis
 Stroke
 Tumors of CNS
II 5 (T)  Describe the Clinical Pathology
laboratory tests  Examination of body
for examination cavity fluids:
of body cavity
fluids, urine and o Methods of collection and
faeces examination of CSF and
other body cavity fluids
(sputum, wound discharge)
specimen for various
clinical pathology,
biochemistry and
microbiology tests
 Analysis of semen:
o Sperm count, motility and  Lecture
morphology and their  Discussion  Short answer
importance in infertility
 Urine:  Visit to clinical lab and  Objective type
biochemistry lab
o Physical characteristics,
Analysis, Culture and
Sensitivity
 Faeces:
o Characteristics
o Stool examination: Occult
blood, Ova, Parasite and
Cyst, Reducing substance
etc.
o Methods and collection of
urine and faeces for
various tests

GENETICS
T – Theory
Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
I 2 (T)  Explain nature, Introduction:
principles and  Practical application of
 Lecture
perspectives of genetics in nursing  Short answer
 Discussion
heredity  Impact of genetic condition  Objective type
 Explain using slides
on families
 Review of cellular division:

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
mitosis and meiosis
 Characteristics and
structure of genes
 Chromosomes: sex
determination
 Chromosomal aberrations
 Patterns of inheritance
 Mendelian theory of
inheritance
 Multiple allots and blood
groups
 Sex linked inheritance
 Mechanism of inheritance
 Errors in transmission
(mutation)
II 2 (T)  Explain Maternal, prenatal and
maternal, genetic influences on
prenatal and development of defects and
genetic diseases
influences on  Conditions affecting the
development of mother: genetic and
defects and infections
diseases  Consanguinity atopy
 Prenatal nutrition and food
allergies
 Maternal age  Lecture
 Short answer
 Maternal drug therapy  Discussion
 Prenatal testing and  Objective type
diagnosis  Explain using slides
 Effect of Radiation, drugs
and chemicals
 Infertility
 Spontaneous abortion
 Neural Tube Defects and
the role of folic acid in
lowering the risks
 Down syndrome (Trisomy
21)
III 2 (T)  Explain the Genetic testing in the
screening neonates and children
methods for  Screening for  Lecture
 Short answer
genetic defects o Congenital abnormalities  Discussion
and diseases in o Developmental delay  Objective type
neonates and o Dysmorphism  Explain using slides
children
IV 2 (T)  Identify genetic Genetic conditions of
disorders in adolescents and adults
adolescents and  Cancer genetics: Familial
adults cancer  Lecture
 Inborn errors of metabolism  Short answer
 Blood group alleles and  Discussion
 Objective type
hematological disorder  Explain using slides
 Genetic haemochromatosis
 Huntington‘s disease
 Mental illness
V 2 (T)  Describe the Services related to genetics
role of nurse in  Genetic testing
genetic services  Gene therapy  Lecture  Short answer
and counselling  Genetic counseling  Discussion  Objective type
 Legal and Ethical issues
 Role of nurse

101
References / Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Ramdas Nayak & Astha Gupta. Textbook of pathology and genetics for nurses, Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers.
2. Mandal A K & Shramana Choudhary. Comprehensive textbook of pathology for nursing ,
Avichal Publishers
3. Suresh K Sharma. Textbook of pharmacology, pathology and genetics for nurses (2 Vol)
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
4. Swaminathan K. Pathology and Genetics for Nurses, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
5. Chugh S N & Kiran Chugh. Textbook of Genetics for Nursing, Arya publications.
6. Randhawa S S. A Textbook of Genetics for BSc (N) students, Pee Vee Publishers.

ADULT HEALTH NURSING - II

(With Integrated Pathophysiology
including Geriatric Nursing & Palliative Care Module)

PLACEMENT : SEMESTER IV N-AHN-II-225

THEORY : 7 Credits (140 hours)
PRACTICUM : Lab/Skill Lab (SL): 1 Credit (40 hours) Clinical: 6 Credits (480 hours)
DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to equip the students to review and apply their
knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry and Behavioral sciences in caring for
adult patients with Medical/Surgical disorders using nursing process approach. It also intends
to develop competencies required for assessment, diagnosis, treatment, nursing management,
and supportive/palliative and rehabilitative care to adult patients with various Medical
Surgical disorders.
COMPETENCIES: On completion of the course the students will apply nursing process and critical
thinking in delivering holistic nursing care with selected Medical and Surgical conditions.
At the completion of Adult Health Nursing II course, students will
1. Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, manifestations, diagnostic studies, treatments and
complications of selected common medical and surgical disorders.
2. Perform complete health assessment to establish a data base for providing quality patient care and
integrate the knowledge of diagnostic tests in the process of data collection.
3. Identify diagnoses, list them according to priority and formulate nursing care plan.
4. Perform nursing procedures skillfully and apply scientific principles while giving comprehensive
nursing care to patients.
5. Integrate knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathology, nutrition and pharmacology in caring for
patients experiencing various medical and surgical disorders.
6. Identify common diagnostic measures related to the health problems with emphasis on nursing

102
 assessment and responsibilities.
7. Demonstrate skill in assisting/performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
8. Demonstrate competencies/skills to patients undergoing treatment for medical surgical disorders.
9. Identify the drugs used in treating patients with selected medical surgical conditions.
10. Plan and provide relevant individual and group education on significant medical surgical topics.
11. Maintain safe environment for patients and the health care personnel in the hospital.
COURSE OUTLINE
T – Theory, L/SL – Lab / Skill Lab

Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment

Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
I Nursing management of patient
12 (T)  Explain the with disorders of Ear, Nose and
4 (SL) etiology, Throat
pathophysiology (Includes etiology,
, clinical pathophysiology, clinical
manifestations, manifestations, diagnostic
diagnostic measures and medical, surgical,
measures and nutritional and nursing
medical, management)
surgical,  Review of anatomy and
nutritional and physiology of the ear, nose and
nursing throat  MCQ
management of
 History, physical assessment,  Lecture and  Short answer
patients with
and diagnostic tests discussion
ENT disorders  Essay
 Demonstration of
 Ear  OSCE
hearing aids, nasal
o External ear: deformities packing, medication  Assessment of
otalgia, foreign bodies and administration skill (using
tumors checklist)
 Visit to audiology
o Middle ear: impacted wax, and speech clinic  Quiz
tympanic, membrane
perforation, otitis media, and  Drug book
tumors
o Inner ear: Meniere‘s disease,
labyrinthitis, ototoxicity
tumors
 Upper respiratory airway
infections: Rhinitis, sinusitis,
tonsillitis, laryngitis
 Epistaxis, Nasal obstruction,
laryngeal obstruction
 Deafness and its management
II 12 (T)  Explain the Nursing management of patient
4 (SL) etiology, with disorder of eye
pathophysiology  Review of anatomy and
, clinical  Lecture and
physiology of the eye
manifestations, discussion  MCQ
 History, physical assessment,
diagnostic  Demonstration of
diagnostic assessment  Short Essay
measures and visual aids, lens,
management of medication  OSCE
patients with Eye Disorders administration  Drug book
disorders of eye  Refractive errors
 Visit to eye bank
 Eyelids: infection, deformities
 Conjunctiva: inflammation and
 Describe eye infection bleeding

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
donation,  Cornea: inflammation and
banking and infection
transplantation  Lens: cataract
 Glaucoma
 Retinal detachment
 Blindness
 Eye donation, banking and
transplantation
III 15 (T)  Explain the Nursing management of patient
4 etiology, with Kidney and Urinary
(L/SL) pathophysiology problems
, clinical  Review of Anatomy and
manifestations, physiology of the genitourinary
diagnostic tests, system
and medical,
 History, physical assessment,
surgical,
diagnostic tests
nutritional, and  Lecture cum
nursing  Urinary tract infections: acute,  MCQ
chronic, lower, upper Discussion
management of  Short Note
Kidney and  Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome  Demonstration
 Long essay
urinary system  Renal calculi  Case Discussion
disorders  Acute and chronic renal failure  Case report
 Demonstrate  Health education
 Disorders of ureter, urinary  Submits health
skill in  Drug book
bladder and Urethra teaching on
genitourinary
assessment  Disorders of prostate:  Field visit – Visits prevention of
inflammation, infection, hemodialysis unit urinary calculi
 Prepare patient
stricture, obstruction, and
for
Benign Prostate Hypertrophy
genitourinary
investigations
 Prepare and
provide health
education on
prevention of
renal calculi
IV 6 (T)  Explain the Nursing management of
etiology, disorders of male reproductive
pathophysiology system
, clinical  Review of Anatomy and
manifestations, physiology of the male
diagnostic tests, reproductive system
and medical,
 History, Physical Assessment,  Lecture, Discussion
surgical,
Diagnostic tests
nutritional, and  Case Discussion  Short essay
nursing Infections of testis, penis and
management of adjacent structures: Phimosis,  Health education
male Epididymitis, and Orchitis
reproductive  Sexual dysfunction, infertility,
disorders contraception
 Male Breast Disorders:
gynecomastia, tumor,
climacteric changes
V 10 (T)  Explain the Nursing management of patient  Lecture and
4 (SL) etiology, with burns, reconstructive and discussion
pathophysiology cosmetic surgery  OSCE
, clinical  Review of anatomy and  Demonstration of
manifestations, burn wound  Short notes
physiology of the skin and
types, diagnostic connective tissues assessment, vacuum
measures and dressing and fluid

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
management of  History, physical assessment, calculations
patients with assessment of burns and fluid &
 Visit to burn
disorders of electrolyte loss
rehabilitation centers
burns/cosmetic  Burns
surgeries and its
 Reconstructive and cosmetic
significance
surgery for burns, congenital
deformities, injuries and
cosmetic purposes, gender
reassignment
 Legal and ethical aspects
 Special therapies: LAD,
vacuumed dressing. Laser,
liposuction, skin health
rejuvenation, use of derma
filters
VI 16 (T)  Explain the Nursing management of patient
4 etiology, with neurological disorders
(L/SL) pathophysiology  Review of anatomy and
, clinical physiology of the neurological
manifestations, system
diagnostic
 History, physical and
measures and
neurological assessment,
management of
diagnostic tests
patients with
neurological  Headache, Head injuries
disorders  Spinal injuries: Paraplegia,
Hemiplegia, Quadriplegia
 Spinal cord compression:  Lecture and
herniation of in vertebral disc discussion
 Intra cranial and cerebral  Demonstration of
aneurysms physiotherapy, neuro  OSCE
 Meningitis, encephalitis, brain, assessment,  Short notes
abscess, neuro-cysticercosis tracheostomy care
 Essay
 Movement disorders: Chorea,  Visit to
Seizures & Epilepsies rehabilitation center,  Drug book
 Cerebrovascular disorders: long term care
CVA clinics, EEG, NCV
 Cranial, spinal neuropathies: study unit,
Bell‘s palsy, trigeminal
neuralgia
 Peripheral Neuropathies
 Degenerative diseases:
Alzheimer‘s disease,
Parkinson‘s disease
 Guillain-Barré syndrome,
Myasthenia gravis & Multiple
sclerosis
 Rehabilitation of patient with
neurological deficit
VII 12 (T)  Explain the
4 etiology, patho- Nursing management of  Lecture, discussion  OSCE
(L/SL) physiology, patients with Immunological
clinical problems  Case Discussion/
manifestations, seminar  Counseling,
diagnostic tests,  Review of Immune system health teaching
 Refer Module on
and medical,  Nursing Assessment: History HIV/AIDS  Quiz
surgical, and Physical assessment
nutritional, and

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
nursing  HIV & AIDS: Epidemiology,
management of Transmission, Prevention of
immunological Transmission and management
disorders of HIV/AIDS
 Prepare and  Role of Nurse; Counseling,
provides health Health education and home care
education on consideration and rehabilitation
prevention of
HIV infection  National AIDS Control Program
and – NACO, various national and
rehabilitation international agencies for
 Describe the infection control
national
infection control
programs
VIII 12 (T)  Explain the Nursing management of patient
4 etiology, with Oncological conditions
(L/SL) pathophysiology  Structure and characteristics of
, types, clinical normal and cancer cells
manifestations,
 History, physically assessment,
staging,  Lecture and
diagnostic tests
diagnostic discussion
measures and  Prevention screening early
management of detections warning sign of  Demonstration of
patients with cancer chemotherapy
different cancer,  Epidemiology, etiology preparation and
treatment classification, Pathophysiology, administration
modalities staging clinical manifestations,  Visit to BMT,
including newer diagnosis, treatment modalities radiotherapy units
treatments and medical and surgical (linear accelerator,
nursing management of  OSCE
brachytherapy, etc.),
Oncological condition nuclear medicine  Essay
 Common malignancies of unit  Quiz
various body system eye, ear,
nose, larynx, breast, cervix,  Drug book
ovary, uterus, sarcoma, renal,
bladder, kidney, prostate Brain,  Counseling,
Spinal cord. health teaching
 Oncological emergencies
 Modalities of treatment:
Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy:
Radiation safety, AERB  *Completion of
regulations, Surgical palliative care
intervention, Stem cell and bone module during
marrow transplant, clinical hours
Immunotherapy, Gene therapy
(20 hours)
 Psychological aspects of cancer:
anxiety, depression, insomnia,
anger
 Supportive care
 Hospice care
IX 15 (T)  Explain the Nursing management of patient
types, policies,  Lecture and
4 in Emergency and Disaster
guidelines, situations discussion  OSCE
(L/SL)
prevention and Disaster Nursing  Demonstration of  Case
management of disaster
 Concept and principles of
disaster and the preparedness (Mock presentations and
disaster nursing, Related
etiology, drill) and triaging case study
Policies
pathophysiology
, clinical  Types of disaster: Natural and  Filed visit to local

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
manifestations, manmade disaster management
diagnostic  Disaster preparedness: Team, centers or demo by
measures and guidelines, protocols, fire extinguishers
management of equipment, resources  Group presentation
patients with
 Etiology, classification, (role play, skit,
acute
Pathophysiology, staging, concept mapping) on
emergencies
clinical manifestation, different emergency
diagnosis, treatment modalities care
and medical and surgical
nursing management of patient  Refer Trauma care
with medical and surgical management/
emergencies – Poly trauma, ATCN module
Bites, Poisoning and Thermal  Guided reading on
emergencies National Disaster
 Principles of emergency Management
management Authority (NDMA)
 Medico legal aspects guidelines

X 10 (T)  Explain the Nursing care of the elderly

Concept,  History and physical assessment
physiological
 Aging process and age-related
changes, and
body changes and psychosocial
psychosocial
aspects
problems of  OSCE
 Stress and coping in elder  Lecture and
ageing
patient discussion  Case
 Psychosocial and sexual abuse  Demonstration of presentations
of elderly communication with
 Describe the
 Role of family and formal and visual and hearing  Assignment on
nursing
non- formal caregivers impaired family systems of
management of
India focusing on
the elderly  Use of aids and prosthesis  Field visit to old age geriatric
(hearing aids, dentures) homes population
 Legal and ethical issues
 National programs for elderly,
privileges, community programs
and health services
 Home and institutional care
XI 15 (T)  Explain the Nursing management of
8 etiology, patients in critical Care units
(L/SL) pathophysiology  Principles of critical care
, clinical nursing
manifestations,  Objective type
 Organization: physical set-up,
diagnostic
policies, staffing norms  Short notes
measures and  Lecture and
management of  Protocols, equipment and  Case
supplies discussion
patients in presentations
critical care  Use and application of critical  Demonstration on
units care biomedical equipment: the use of  Assessment of
ventilators, cardiac monitors, mechanical skill on
defibrillators, infusion pump, ventilators, cardiac monitoring of
Resuscitation equipment and monitors etc. patients in ICU.
any other  Written
 Clinical practice in
 Advanced Cardiac Life support different ICUs assignment on
 Nursing management of ethical and legal
critically ill patient issues in critical
 Transitional care care
 Ethical and Legal Aspects
 Breaking Bad News to Patients
and/or their families:

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
Communication with patient
and family
 End of life care
XII 5 (T)  Describe the Nursing management of
etiology, patients with occupational and
pathophysiology industrial disorders
, clinical  History, physical examination,
manifestations, Diagnostic tests  Lecture and  Assignment on
diagnostic discussion
 Occupational diseases and industrial health
measures and hazards
management of
management  Industrial visit
patients with
occupational/
industrial health
disorders
* Mandatory Module
References / Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
1. Lewis S L, Heitkemper M M & Diriksen S R. Medical-Surgical Nursing. Mosby
2. Smeltzer S C & Bare B G et al. Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical
Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3. Black JM, Hawks JH. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Clinical Management for positive
outcomes. Saunders.
4. Lemone P& Burke K. Medical Surgical Nursing: Critical Thinking in Client care.
Pearson.
5. Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine. Churchill Livingstone.
6. Russell RCG, Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK. Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery.
Arnold
7. William A, Richard B. et al. Nursing in disease of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. WB
Saunders
8. Maqbool Mohammad. Maqbool Subail. Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases.
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
9. Hazarika P, Nayak and Balakrishnan R. Textbook of Ear, Nose Throat & Head and Neck
Surgery. CBS Publishers.
10. Dhingra. Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat. Elsevier.
11. Agarwal. Textbook of Ophthalmology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
12. Daver Antina, Furnas. Handbook of Plastic Surgery. Oxford University Press.
13. Thomas Nicola. Renal Nursing. Bailleire Tindall.
14. Hickey JV. The Clinical practice of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing. Lippincott.
15. Langhorne ME., Fulton JS, Otto SE. Oncology Nursing. Mosby.
16. Joanne C Langan. Preparing Nurses for Disaster Management. Pearson-Prentice Hall.

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17. Leuckenotte AG. Gerontologic Nursing. Mosby Patricia Tabloski. Gerontologic Nursing.
Pearson-Prentice Hall.
18. Patricia Tabloski. Gerontologic Nursing. Pearson- Prentice Hall.
19. Simon E. Critical Care Nursing Practice Guide. Jones & Barlett Learning.
20. Bucher L. Melander S. Critical Care Nursing. Saunders.
21. O’Shea RA. Principles & Practice of Trauma Nursing. Elsevier.
22. Online resources/National and International Journals in Nursing.

CLINICAL PRACTICUM
CLINICAL PRACTICUM: 6 Credits (480 Hours) – 20 weeks × 24 hours
PRACTICE COMPETENCIES: On completion of the clinical practicum, the students will
develop proficiency in applying nursing process and critical thinking in rendering holistic
nursing care including rehabilitation to the adult/geriatric patients admitted in Critical Care
Units, undergoing cosmetic and reconstructive surgery and with selected medical & surgical
disorders of ear, nose, throat, eye, Genitourinary, reproductive, immunologic, nervous
systems and in emergency/disaster conditions.
The students will be competent to
1. Utilize the nursing process in providing care to the sick adults in the hospital
a. Perform complete health assessment to establish a data base for providing quality
patient care.
b. Integrate the knowledge of diagnostic tests in patient assignment.
c. Identify nursing diagnoses and list them according to priority.
d. Formulate nursing care plan, using problem solving approach.
e. Apply scientific principles while giving nursing care to patients.
f. Develop skill in performing nursing procedures applying scientific principle.
g. Establish/develop interpersonal relationship with patients and family members.
h. Evaluate the expected outcomes and modify the plan according to the patient needs.
2. Provide comfort and safety to adult patients in the hospital.
3. Maintain safe environment for patients during hospitalization.
4. Explain nursing actions appropriately to the patients and family members.
5. Ensure patient safety while providing nursing procedures.
6. Assess the educational needs of the patient and their family related to medical and
surgical disorders and provide appropriate health education to patients.
7. Provide pre, intra and post-operative care to patients undergoing surgery.
8. Integrate knowledge of pathology, nutrition and pharmacology for patients
experiencing selected medical and surgical disorders.

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9. Integrate evidence-based information while giving nursing care to patients.
10. Demonstrate the awareness of legal and ethical issues in nursing practice.
I. Nursing Management of Patients with ENT Disorders
A. Skill Lab
Use of manikins and simulators
 Tracheostomy care
 Instilling Ear and Nasal medications
 Bandage application
B. Clinical Postings
CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: ENT Ward and OPD

Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
2  Provide care to  Examination of ear, nose, throat
 ENT  Clinical
patients with ENT and History taking
assessment evaluation
disorders  Applying bandages to Ear, Nose
 Tracheostomy care –1  OSCE
 Preparation of patient, assisting
 Case study/  Case report
and monitoring of patients
 Educate the patients Clinical study/
undergoing diagnostic procedures
and their families presentation – 1 Clinical
o Auditory screening tests
presentation
o Audiometric tests
 Preparing the patient and assisting
in special procedures like Anterior/
posterior nasal packing, Ear
Packing and Syringing
 Preparation and after care of
patients undergoing ENT surgical
procedures
 Instillation of drops/medication

II. Nursing Management of Patients with Eye Conditions

A. Skill Lab
Use of manikins and simulators

Instilling Eye medications
 Eye irrigation
 Eye bandage
B. Clinical Postings
CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Ophthalmology Unit
Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
2  Develop skill in  History taking, Examination of
 Eye  Clinical
providing care to eyes and interpretation
assessment – 1 evaluation
patients with Eye  Assisting procedures
disorders o Visual acuity  Health  OSCE
o Fundoscopy, retinoscopy, teaching
ophthalmoscopy,  Clinical
 Case study/ presentation
tonometry,
 Educate the patients Clinical
o Refraction tests
and their families Presentation– 1
 Pre and post-operative care
 Instillation of drops/ medication
 Eye irrigation

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Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
 Application of eye bandage
Assisting with foreign body
removal

III. Nursing Management of Patients with Kidney and Urinary System Disorders
A. Skill Lab
Use of manikins and simulators
 Assessment: kidney & urinary system
 Preparation: dialysis
 Catheterization and care
B. Clinical Postings
CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Renal ward/ nephrology ward including Dialysis unit
Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
2  Develop skill in  Assessment of
 Assessment – 1  Clinical
Management of kidney and urinary system
evaluation
patients with o History taking  Drug
urinary, male o Physical examination presentation  Care plan
reproductive o Testicular self-examination
o digital rectal exam –1  OSCE
problems
 Preparation and assisting with  Care study/  Quiz
diagnostic and therapeutic Clinical
 Drug
procedures presentation – 1
o Cystoscopy, Cystometrogram, presentation
o Contrast studies: IVP etc.  Preparing and
o Peritoneal dialysis assisting in
o Hemodialysis, hemodialysis
o Lithotripsy
o Specific tests: Semen analysis,
gonorreoea test, Renal/ Prostate
Biopsy etc.
 Catheterization: care
 Bladder irrigation
 I/O recording and monitoring
 Ambulation and exercise

IV. Nursing Management of Patients with Burns and Reconstructive Surgery

A. Skill Lab
Use of manikins and simulators
 Assessment of burns wound
 Wound dressing
B. Clinical Postings
CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Burns unit/ reconstructive surgical unit
Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
2  Develop skill in  Assessment of burns
 burn wound  Clinical
burns assessment  First aid of burns
assessment evaluation

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Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
and providing care  Fluid & electrolyte replacement –1 ,
to patients with therapy
 care  Care
different types of  Skin care
study/case
burns  Care of Burn wounds study/case
presentation
 Develop skill in  Bathing report
–1
providing care to  Dressing
patients with  Pre-operative and post- operative
different types of care of patients
cosmetic and  Caring of skin graft and post
reconstructive cosmetic surgery
surgeries  Rehabilitation

V. Nursing Management of Patients with neurological disorders

A. Skill Lab

Use of manikins and simulators

 Range of motion exercises
 Muscle strengthening exercises
 Crutch walking
B. Clinical Postings
CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Neurology- Medical/ Surgery wards

Duratio
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
n in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
3  Develop skill in  History taking;
Management of Neurological
Examination  Neuro-  Clinical
patients with
Neurological  Patient monitoring assessment evaluation
problems  Prepare and assist for various –1  Neuro
invasive and non-invasive
 Case study/ case assessment
diagnostic procedures
 Range of motion exercises, presentation – 1  OSCE
muscle strengthening  Drug  Case report/
 Care of medical,
presentation – 1 presentations
surgical and
rehabilitative patients

VI. Nursing Management of Patients with Immunological Disorders

A. Skill Lab
 Barrier Nursing
 Reverse Barrier Nursing
B. Clinical Postings
CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Isolation ward/ Medical ward

Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
1  Develop skill in the  History taking  Assessment of
 Care note
Management of  Immunological status assessment immune status
patients with (e.g. HIV) and Interpretation of  Teaching of  Quiz

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Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
immunological specific tests isolation to
 Health
disorders  Caring of patients with low patient and
family care Teaching
immunity
 Practicing of standard safety givers
measures, precautions/barrier  Nutritional
nursing/reverse barrier/isolation management
skills  Care Note – 1

VII. Nursing Management of Patients with disorders of Oncological conditions

A. Skill Lab
Use of manikins and simulators
 Application of topical medication
 Administration of chemotherapy
B. Clinical Postings
CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Oncology wards (including day care radiotherapy unit)

Duration
Learning Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in
Outcomes Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
3  Develop skill in  History taking & physical
providing care to examination of cancer patients
patients with  Screening for common cancers:  Assessment – 1
oncological disorders TNM classification
 Care study/
 Preparation, assisting and after care
patients undergoing diagnostic clinical
procedures presentation –
1
 Biopsies/FNAC
 Pap smear  Pre and post-
 Bone-marrow aspiration operative care  Clinical
evaluation
 Various modalities of treatment of patient with
 Chemotherapy various modes  Care study
 Radiotherapy of cancer
 Quiz
 Pain management treatment
 Stoma therapy  Teaching on  Drug book
 Hormonal therapy BSE to
 Immuno therapy family
 Gene therapy members
 Alternative therapy
 Stoma care and feeding  Visit to
palliative
 Caring of patients treated with
care unit
nuclear medicine
 Rehabilitation

VIII. Nursing Management of Patients in emergency conditions

A. Skill Lab
Use of manikins and simulators
 Assessment: primary and secondary survey
 Trauma care: bandaging, wound care, splinting, positions

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 B. Clinical Postings
C. CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Emergency room/ Emergency unit

Duration
Procedural Competencies/ Clinical Assessment
in Learning Outcomes
Clinical Skills Requirements Methods
Weeks
2  Develop skill in  Practicing triage‘
providing care to  Primary and secondary survey in
patients with emergency
emergency health  Examination, investigations & their
problems interpretations, in emergency &  Triage
disaster situations
 Emergency care of medical and  Immediate care  Clinical
evaluation
traumatic injury patients  Use of
 Documentations, assisting in legal emergency  Quiz
procedures in emergency unit trolley
 Managing crowd
 Counseling the patient and family in
dealing with grieving &
bereavement

IX. Nursing Management of geriatric patients

A. Skill Lab

Use of manikins and simulators

 Use of assistive safety devices
B. Clinical Postings

CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Geriatric ward

Duration Procedural
Learning Assessment
in Competencies/ Clinical Requirements
Outcomes Methods
Weeks Clinical Skills
1  Develops skill in  History taking and
 Geriatric assessment – 1
geriatric assessment assessment of Geriatric
and providing care patient  Care of normal and
to patients with geriatric patient with  Clinical
geriatric illness illness evaluation
 Fall risk assessment – 1  Care plan
 Functional status
assessment – 1

X. Nursing Management of Patients in critical care units

A. Skill Lab

Use of manikins and simulators

 Assessment critically ill
 ET tube set up –suction
 TT suction
 Ventilator set up
 Chest drainage
 Bag mask ventilation
 Central & Peripheral line
 Pacemaker

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B. Clinical Postings
CLINICAL AREA / UNITS: Critical Care Unit

Duration Procedural Competencies/

Learning Clinical Assessment
in Clinical Skills
Outcomes Requirements Methods
Weeks (Supervised Clinical Practice)
2  Develop skill in  Assessment of critically ill patients
assessment of  Assisting in arterial puncture, ET
critically ill and tube intubation & extubation
providing care to  ABG analysis & interpretation -
patients with critical respiratory acidosis, respiratory
health conditions alkalosis, metabolic acidosis,
metabolic alkalosis
 Setting up of Ventilator modes and  Clinical
settings and care of patient on a evaluation
 Hemodynamic
ventilator
monitoring  OSCE
 Set up of trolley with instruments
 Different  RASS scale
 Monitoring and maintenance of
Chest drainage system scales used in assessment
 Bag and mask ventilation ICU  Use of VAE
 Assisting and maintenance of  Communicating bundle VAP,
Central and peripheral lines with critically CAUTI, BSI
invasive ill patients  Case
 Setting up of infusion pump,
defibrillator, Presentation
 Drug administration-infusion,
intracardic, intrathecal, epidural,
 Monitoring pacemaker
 ICU care bundle
 Management of the dying patient
in the ICU

PROFESSIONALISM, PROFESSIONAL VALUES &

ETHICS INCLUDING BIOETHICS
PLACEMENT : SEMESTER IV PROF-230
THEORY : 1 Credit (20 hours)
DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to help students to develop an understanding of
professionalism and demonstrate professional behavior in their workplace with ethics and
professional values. Further the students will be able to identify ethical issues in nursing
practice and participate effectively in ethical decision making along with health team
members.
COMPETENCIES: On completion of this course, the students will be able to
1. Describe profession and professionalism.
2. Identify the challenges of professionalism.
3. Maintain respectful communication and relationship with other health team members, patients and
society.
4. Demonstrate professional conduct.
5. Describe various regulatory bodies and professional organizations related to nursing.
6. Discuss the importance of professional values in patient care.

115
 7. Explain the professional values and demonstrate appropriate professional values in nursing
practice.
8. Demonstrate and reflect on the role and responsibilities in providing compassionate care in the
healthcare setting.
9. Demonstrate respect, human dignity and privacy and confidentiality to self, patients and their
caregivers and other health team members.
10. Advocate for patients’ wellbeing, professional growth and advancing the profession.
11. Identify ethical and bioethical concerns, issues and dilemmas in nursing and healthcare.
12. Apply knowledge of ethics and bioethics in ethical decision making along with health team
members.
13. Protect and respect patient‘s rights.

COURSE OUTLINE
T – Theory
Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
I 5 (T)  Discuss nursing PROFESSIONALISM
as a profession Profession  Lecture cum
 Definition of profession Discussion
 Criteria of a profession
 Nursing as a profession
Professionalism
 Definition and  Short answer
 Describe the characteristics of  Essay
concepts and professionalism
attributes of  Concepts, attributes and  Objective type
professionalism indicators of
professionalism  Debate
 Challenges of
professionalism
o Personal identity vs
professional identity
o Preservation of self-
 Identify the
integrity: threat to
challenges of integrity, Deceiving
patient: withholding  Role play
professionalism
information and
falsifying records
o Communication &
 Maintain
Relationship with team
respectful
members: Respectful and
communication
and relationship
open communication and
with other health relationship pertaining to
team members, relevant interests for
patients and ethical decision making
society o Relationship with patients
and society
Professional Conduct  Case based
 Following ethical principles discussion
 Adhering to
 Demonstrate
policies, rules and
professional
regulation of the  Visit reports
conduct
institutions
 Professional etiquettes and
behaviors
 Respect and  Professional grooming:
maintain
Uniform, Dress code
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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
professional  Professional boundaries:
boundaries  Lecture cum
Professional relationship
between patients, with the patients, Discussion
colleagues and caregivers and team
society members

Regulatory Bodies &

Professional Organizations:
 Describe the Roles & Responsibilities
roles and  Regulatory bodies:
responsibilities Indian Nursing Council,  Visit to INC, SNC,
of regulatory State Nursing Council TNAI
bodies and
professional  Professional
organizations Organizations: Trained
Nurses Association of
India (TNAI), Student
Nurses Association
(SNA), Nurses League of
Christian Medical
Association of India,
International Council of
Nurses (ICN) and
International
Confederation of
Midwives
II 5 (T)  Discuss the PROFESSIONAL VALUES
importance of  Values: Definition and
professional characteristics of values
values  Value clarification
 Personal and professional
values
 Distinguish
 Professional socialization:
between personal
values and Integration of professional
professional values with personal
values values

Professional values in  Lecture cum

nursing Discussion
 Demonstrate  Short answer
appropriate  Importance of professional  Value clarification
professional values in nursing and exercise  Essay
values in nursing health care
 Interactive learning  Assessment of
practice  Caring: definition, and student‘s
process  Story telling behavior with
 Compassion: Sympathy patients and
 Sharing experiences
Vs empathy, Altruism families
 Conscientiousness  Scenario based
 Dedication/devotion to discussion
work
 Respect for the person-
Human dignity
 Privacy and
confidentiality: Incidental
disclosure
 Honesty and integrity:
Truth telling
 Trust and credibility:
Fidelity, Loyalty

117
 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
 Advocacy: Advocacy for
patients, work
environment, nursing
education and practice,
and for advancing the
profession
III 10 (T)  Define ethics &
ETHICS & BIOETHICS
bioethics
Definitions: Ethics,
Bioethics and Ethical
 Explain ethical Principles
principles  Beneficence
 Non-maleficence: Patient
safety, protecting patient
from harm, Reporting errors
 Identify ethical
concerns  Justice: Treating each person
as equal
 Care without
discrimination, equitable
access to care and safety of
the public
 Autonomy: Respects
patients‘ autonomy, Self-
determination, Freedom of  Lecture cum
choice discussion

Ethical issues and ethical  Group discussion

 Ethical issues with examples
dilemma: Common
and dilemmas in
health care ethical problems  Flipping/ self-
 Conflict of interest directed learning  Short answer
 Paternalism
 Role play  Essay
 Deception
 Privacy and confidentiality  Story telling  Quiz
 Valid consent and refusal
 Reflective diary
 Allocation of scarce nursing  Sharing experiences
 Explain process resources  Case report
of ethical  Case based Clinical
 Conflicts concerning new discussion
decision making technologies  Attitude test
and apply  Role modeling
 Whistle-blowing  Assessment of
knowledge of
 Beginning of life issues  Group exercise on assignment
ethics and
bioethics in • Abortion ethical decision-
making ethical • Substance abuse making following
decisions • Fetal therapy steps on a given
• Selective deduction scenario
• Intrauterine
treatment of fetal  Assignment
conditions
• Mandated contraception
• Fetal injury
• Infertility treatment
 End of life issues
• End of life
• Euthanasia
 Explain code of • Do Not Resuscitate
ethics stipulated (DNR)
by ICN and INC  Issues related to psychiatric
care
• Non compliance
• Restrain and seclusion
 Refuse to take food

118
 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
 Discuss the Process of ethical decision
rights of the making
patients and  Assess the
families to make situation (collect
decisions about information)
health care  Identify the ethical problem
 Identify the alternative
decisions
 Choose the solution to
the ethical decision
 Implement the decision
 Evaluate the decision
Ethics committee:
Roles and
responsibilities
 Clinical decision making
 Research
Code of Ethics
 International Council of
Nurses (ICN)
 Protect and  Indian Nursing Council
respect patients‘
Patients’ Bill of Rights-
rights
17 patients’ rights (MoH
& FW, GoI)
1. Right to emergency
medical care
2. Right to safety and
quality care
according to
standards
3. Right to preserve dignity
4. Right to nondiscrimination
5. Right to privacy and
confidentiality
6. Right to information
7. Right to records and
reports
8. Right to informed consent
9. Right to second opinion
10. Right to patient education
11. Right to choose
alternative treatment
options if available
12. Right to choose source
for obtaining medicines
or tests
13. Right to proper referral
and transfer, which is
free from perverse
commercial influences
14. Right to take discharge
of patient or receive
body of deceased from
hospital
15. Right to information on
the rates to be charged by
the hospital for each type
of service provided and
facilities available on a
prominent display board
and a brochure
16. Right to protection for

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 Time Learning Teaching/ Learning Assessment
Unit Content
(Hrs) Outcomes Activities Methods
patients involved in
clinical trials, biomedical
and health research
17. Right to be heard and seek
redressal

References / Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Ann Zwemer. Professional Adjustments and Ethics for Nurses in India, Ecumenical Book
Services, Chennai
2. Carvalho S. Reeves, M Orford J. Fundamental Aspects of Legal, Ethical and Professional
Issues in Nursing, United Kingdom: Quay.
3. Herman Wheeler Law, Ethics and Professional Issues for Nursing - A Reflective and
Portfolio-Building Approach, Routledge Taylor and Francis group, London.
4. Joyce Beebe Thompson, Professional Ethics in Nursing, R.E. Krieger Publishing Company.
5. I Clement. Professional Trends and Adjustments in Nursing, Jaypee Publishers Medical
Publishers, New Delhi.
6. Beth Perry Black. Professional Nursing: Concepts and Challenges, Elsevier Saunders
publishers, Philadelphia.
7. Janie B. Butts, Karen L. Rich. Nursing Ethics- Across the curriculum and in to
Practice, Jones & Bartlett Learning. United States.
8. Olinda Timms. Biomedical Ethics, Elsevier

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