Practice Paper of XII Chemistry 2024-25

(According to Reduced Syllabus)

By: Prof. Irfan Ahmad
(Government National College, Karachi)
Chapter 1. Chemistry of Representative elements:
Short Questions:
Q1. What is flame test? Mention the colour of flame of alkali metals and Alkaline earth metals.
Q2. Explain the auto oxidizing and reducing properties of chlorine.
Q3.What is meant by a diagonal relationship? Mention three pairs of representative elements that show diagonal relationship.
Q4. Discuss the group trend of Atomic radii, Ionization energy and Electronegativity in group IA, IIA and VIIA of the periodic table.
OR (Reasons from Book Assignment)
Q5.Write down three properties of Beryllium that show its unique behavior in group IIA.
Q6.What is Bleaching powder? How is it prepared? Give the reaction of bleaching powder with water and hydrochloric acid.
Q7: Explain following properties of Sulphuric acid.
i) Oxidizing properties ii) Dehydrating properties iii) Sulphonating properties
Descriptive Questions:
Q9. Draw a flow diagram of contact process and describe various steps involved in the manufacturing of sulphuric acid.
Q10. Explain with the help of a diagram of Castner- Kellner cell. How caustic soda is obtained by the electrolysis of aqueous sodium
chloride?
Q11.Write the balance equations for the following chemical process.
(i) A piece of Aluminum is dipped into concentrated sulphuric acid.
(ii) Ferric chloride is mixed with an aqueous solution of caustic soda.
(iii) Sodium burns in excess of air.
(iv) Magnesium is heated with nitrogen gas.
(v) Potassium is put into ethyl alcohol.
(vi) Chlorine gas is passed through an aqueous solution of caustic soda.
(vii) Silicon is put into steam.
(viii) Phosphorous burns in excess of Oxygen
(ix) Nitrogen gas is passed through hot piece of Phosphorous.
(x) Carbon is heated with Nitrogen
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Outer Transition Elements:

Short Questions:
Q12. Write the IUPAC names of the following complexes (Do Practice from Past Papers)
(i) Na2[Pt(OH)4] (ii) K2[Fe(CN)5NO] (iii) [Zn(NH3)4]+2 (iv) [Ni(SCN)4]-2
Q13. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states?
(ii) Why transition elements have ability to form alloys?
(iii) Why Cu+2 ion is blue but Zn+2 is colourless?
(iv) Why Chromium exists in 4s1, 3d5 configuration but not in 4s2, 3d4 ?
(v) Why Binding energy of zinc is least in 3d series?
Q14. Write down the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(i) Reaction of conc. Nitric acid with copper (ii) Reaction of conc. Sulphuric acid with copper
(iii) Reaction of Permanganate with oxalic acid (iv) Reaction of Dichromate with ferrous sulphate
(v) Reaction of Manganese with dilute sulphuric acid (vi) Reaction of Iron with chlorine
Q15. Define ligands. Write classification of ligands with examples.
Descriptive Questions:
Q16. Explain the trend of following properties of 3d-series of transition elements.
(a) Paramagnetic behavior (b) Variable oxidation state (c) Colour formation.
(d) Catalytic activity (e) Binding energy (f) Alloy formation
Q17. Describe the extraction of 99.99% pure Copper from Chalcopyrite ore.

1|Page Prof. Irfan Ahmad (Govt. National College)

 Practice Paper of XII Chemistry 2024-25
(According to Reduced Syllabus)
By: Prof. Irfan Ahmad
(Government National College, Karachi)

Chapter 3: Organic Compounds:

Short Questions
Q18. Define the following terms: (a) Catenation (b) Isomerism (c) Reforming of petroleum (e) Functional group
Q19. Define Homologous series. Give the characteristics of homologues.
Q20. What is Bucky Ball? Explain its structure and mention its some properties.
Q21. Explain destructive distillation of coal. What are various products obtained from it?
Q22. Explain various unique characteristics associated with organic compounds.
Q23. Write down the different types of coal and how do they differ from each other?

Chapter 4: Nomenclature of Organic compounds

Solve past papers of Nomenclature (10 years)
Q24. Give the IUPAC names of the following organic molecules.
(a) CH3 — CO — CH (CH3)2 (b) CH2 = CH — CH(CH3) — CH = CH2
(c) CH2 = C(CH3) — COOH (d) (CH3)2CH — CO — CH CH3 CI
(e) CH3 — CH2 — CO-C(CH3)2 C2H5 (f) (CH3)2 CBr CHO
(g) CH3— CO — CH = CH — CH3 (h) CH2(OH) — CH(OH) — CH2(OH)
Q25. Write the structure of the following.
(a) Ethyl neo-pentyl ether (b) Resorcinol (c) Picric acid (d) Isopropyl butanoate (e) Diphenyl acetylene
(f) α , β-dimethyl butyric acid (g) Butyraldehyde (h) 3-CholroBenzamide (i) Butanoyl iodide
(j) Ethyl isopropyl ketone (k) α-Methyl butyraldehyde (l) α -Chloro- β -methyl valeric acid (m) Adipic acid
(n) Hexamethylene diamine (o) N-methyl acetamide (p) Ethyl diazonium chloride salt (q) o-xylene
(r ) p-methyl acetophenone

Chapter 5: Hydrocarbons
Short Questions
Q26. Give the mechanism of free Radical substitution reaction between methane and chlorine in the presence of sunlight.
Q27. How can you prepare following organic compounds starting from ethene.
*Ethane *Acetaldehyde *Ethane bromo hydrin
*Polethylene *Epoxide *Formaldehyde
Q28. Write the equations with all required conditions for the reaction of Benzene with the following:
(i) H2 (ii) CH3COCl (iii) HNO3(conc.) (iv) H2SO4 (conc.) (v)Cl2 (presence of sunlight)
Q29. Bring about the following conversions.
(i) Toluene to ortho-para nitro benzoic acid (ii) Benzene to m-nitro toluene iii) Toluene to m-nitro Benzoic acid
Q30. How can you prepare following organic compounds starting from ethyne.
*Geminal dibromide *Acetone from propyne *1,1,2,2-Tetra bromoethane
*Glyoxal *Acetaldehyde * Ethane
Q31. Give two reactions of Ethyne to show its acidic behavior.
Q32. Draw the orbital structures of the following hydrocarbons. (i) Ethane (ii) Ethylene (iii) Acetylene
Descriptive Questions
Q33. Describe substituent effect OR Orientation of Benzene with examples.
Q34. Write the equations of the following chemical processes.
(i) Ethylene is heated at high temperature and pressure.
(ii) Ethene is burnt in air in the presence of per acetic acid.
(iii) 1, 2-Di bromo ethane is heated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide.
(iv) 1,1,2,2 Tetra-bromo ethane is heated with zinc powder.
2|Page Prof. Irfan Ahmad (Govt. National College)
 Practice Paper of XII Chemistry 2024-25
(According to Reduced Syllabus)
By: Prof. Irfan Ahmad
(Government National College, Karachi)
(v) Reaction of Chlorine with Acetylene.
(vi) Equation for Dehydrohalogination of vicinal dibromide.
(vii) Hydration of ethene in the presence of an acid.
(viii) Halohydrogenation of Ethene
Q35. Define Isomerism. Explain four different types of structural isomers and give one example of each.
Q36. Explain the following with suitable examples. (a) Optical isomers (b) Geometrical isomers
Q37. Describe the molecular orbital structure of Benzene.
Q38. Give the mechanism of following Electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene.
(a) Nitration (b) Sulphonation (c) Chlorination
Chapter 6: Alkyl halides and Amines
Short Questions
Q39. What are Alkyl Halides? Give the classification of Alkyl halide and preparation by the reaction of alcohol with (i) HX (ii) PX3 (iii)
SOCl2.
Q40. Write equation for the conversion of Alkyl halide into following.
i)Grignard’s reagent ii)Thiol iii) Ester iv) Primary amine v)Ether vi)Alcohol
Q41. Write equation for the conversion of Primary amine into following.
i) Sec. amine ii) Sec. amides iii) Imines iv) Alkyl diazonium chloride salt
. Descriptive Questions
Q42. What is β-elimination reaction? Discuss the mechanisms of E1 and E2 reactions.
Q43. Define Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions? Describe the mechanisms of SN1 and SN2 reactions.
Q44. What are organometallic compounds? How is Grignard reagent prepared? Write down the reactions of Grignard reagent with
water, carbon dioxide, ester and primary amines.
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols
Short Questions
Q45. What are Alcohols and Phenols? Give their classification? Write the equations for the preparation of Phenol from. (i)
Chlorobenzene ' (ii) Sodium benzene sulphonate.
Q46. Identify each of following with two laboratory tests. (i) Phenol (ii) Alcohol
Q47. What is Lucas reagent? Describe its use to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol.
Descriptive Questions
Q48. Write equation for the conversions of Grignard’s reagent into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol prepared.
Q49. Write the equations for the following chemical process.
(i) Reduction of acetic acid with LiA1H4. (ii) Hydration of ethene with hot concentrated H2SO4
(iii) Oxidation of ethanol with acidified dichromate. (iv) Hydrolysis of Benzene Diazonium salt
Q50. Write the equation,when phenol reacts with the following
(i) Hot and concentrated nitric acid. (ii) Concentrated sulphuric acid at 100°C
(iii) Bromine in the presence of CCl4 (iv) Sodium metal
Chapter 8: Carbonyl compunds-I Aldehyde and Ketones
Short Questions
Q51. What are aldehydes? Describe the structure of formaldehyde also give equation for the preparation of
i) Formaldehyde by Ozonolysis of ethene ii) Formaldehyde by the hydration of ethene iii) Acetaldehyde by the
controlled oxidation of ethyl alcohol iv) Acetophenone by Friedel – Craft Acylation of Benzene
Descriptive Questions
Q52.Describe how aldehydes are distinguished from ketones by the following laboratory test.
(i) Tollen's reagents (ii) Fehling solution
Q53. Explain Clemmensen and Wolf-Kishner reduction reaction and also write the equation of the following chemical process.
i)Oxidation of acetaldehyde with acidified K2Cr2O7. ii)Reduction of acetaldehyde with NaBH4.
Q54.Write the equation for the nucleophilic addition reaction of Acetaldehyde with:
i)Hydroxal amine ii. Hydrazine iii. Hydrogen cyanide iv. Methyl Magnesium bromide

3|Page Prof. Irfan Ahmad (Govt. National College)

 Practice Paper of XII Chemistry 2024-25
(According to Reduced Syllabus)
By: Prof. Irfan Ahmad
(Government National College, Karachi)
Chapter 9: Carbonyl compounds-II, Carboxylic acid and functional derivatives

Short Questions
Q55. What are carboxylic acid? Explain the structure and physical properties of carboxylic acid.
Q56. Write the equation for the Conversion of carboxylic acid into the followings:
i)Acid halide ii) Acid amide iii) Acid anhydride iv) Alcohol v) Ester vi) Alkane (Methane)
Chapter 10: Biochemistry
Descriptive Questions
Q57. What are Carbohydrates? Give their classification on the basis of structure and their importance.
Q58. What are Proteins? Classify various types of proteins on the basis of their function and their importance.
Q59. Explain various types of proteins on the basis of structure.
Chapter 11: Industrial Chemistry
Short Questions
Q60. What are drugs? Give the name of various diseases and names of common medicines for their treatment.
Q61. Write the names of some well-established industries of Pakistan and explain any three industries.
Descriptive Questions:
Q62. Define synthetic polymer and types of polymerization. Describe the preparation, properties and uses of Nylon and polyvinyl
chloride.
Chapter 12: Environmental Chemistry
Short Questions
Q63. Write the name of four segments of atmosphere and mention in which segment we live.
Q64. What are Ozone depletion substances? Explain the causes of depletion of ozone layer.
Q65. What is industrial smog and how is it formed?
Q66. Why climate change occur? Explain the effect of Green House gases.
Q67. What are Automobile pollutants? How does catalytic converter contribute to reducing air pollution?
Descriptive Questions
Q68.What is Acid rain? Explain the primary causes of acid rain and its environmental impact.
Q69. What is the main cause of Global warming? How does it effect on weather pattern?
Q70. Describe the chemistry involves due to the presence of oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur in the troposphere.

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4|Page Prof. Irfan Ahmad (Govt. National College)