INVESTIGATING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF USING ENGLISH
SUBTITLE MOVIE IN TEACHING PRONUNCIATION
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
By:
LISDAYANTI
Student Id. 882032019110
TARBIYAH FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES
IAIN BONE
2023
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Pronunciation is one of the most parts of English to communicate with
others since there are differences between the symbol and their sounds. When
we communicate with other people we should not only have a good
vocabulary but also good pronunciation. Therefore, it’s important to teach
pronunciation. Harmer (2003) as cited in Simanullang & Hum (2019) stated
“that for all these people, being made aware of pronunciation issues will be of
immense benefic not only to their own production but also to their own
understanding of spoken English”. Pronunciation is one of the language
elements that need to be mastered in learning a foreign language such as
English. The pronunciation of a language speaker is very important to be able
to interact well and the message conveyed can be understood.
English Pronunciation is the study of the technique of pronouncing
English vocabulary. Pronunciation of English vocabulary, one of the more
complicated points, compared to grammar and vocabularies. grammar, and
vocabularies, English pronunciation is very important. Pronunciation is very
important. According to (Botley, 2017) English pronunciation is important
where many sounds and words in English are difficult to pronounce correctly.
correctly. Having good pronunciation can make our communication with
interlocutors or native speakers with the interlocutor or native speaker
becomes easier to understand. Pronunciation is one of the important things in
language to help students achieve effective communication, it allows students
to recognise the differences among sounds that often confuse them such as
producing minimal pairs, stress patterns and intonation. Undeniably, good
pronunciation makes for good communication with each other. Speech can be
understood well when using good pronunciation because pronunciation
controls what we say, especially when we say words containing English
consonant sounds. Conversely, when we speak with poor pronunciation, it can
result in incorrect meaning and be difficult to understand. Wrong
pronunciation can produce wrong meaning and cause misunderstanding.
Pronunciation is the most important skill in spoken English. It is no
surprise that pronunciation teaching plays an important role in teaching
English as a second language (ESL). Given that the majority of ESL learners
strive to speak English like native speakers, the importance of pronunciation
teaching cannot be overemphasis. Indeed, it is imperative for teachers to help
English language learners develop the ability for communication needs and the
ability to be understood easily (Morley, 1991). However, many English
language learners (ELLs) face difficulties in learning English pronunciation
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Gilakjani (2011) as cited in Hidayatullah (2018). Problems in pronunciation
weaken their communicative competence. Worse still, many of them still lack
proficiency in pronunciation even though they have learnt English in ESL
courses. In fact, it is understandable that ESL students who use a non-standard
variety of English might be negatively affected while learning English if they
are not familiar with standard English. In particular, the pronunciation
conventions of ESL students are different from those of native English
speakers. Therefore, helping ESL students learn standard English should start
with understanding the pronunciation variations that ESL students have when
learning English.
It is difficult for Indonesian students pronounce English words
correctly, for example when they are asked to pronounce the word “jump” /ˈ
dʒʌmp/ / they will pronounce /jumper/. It is because the difference between
their mother tongue and the English. The degree of difficulty in learning is
also determined by the degree of difference between the two languages. The
greater similarity between them, the less difficult it will be for the students to
learn the foreign language Ramelan as cited in Mulatsih (2015). After the
researchers conducted pre-observations at SMKS Agrobisnis Nahdilyin by
asking several vocational students, especially in the students class 10 th
Thursday on 10 November 2022, and often finds problem with pronunciation
students when they speak, read, or listen to the English words. It might be
caused some factors. There are internal and external factors. The internal
factors came from the learner themselves, such as: motivation, interest,
attitude, and intelligence. While, the external factors came from the outside of
learner, such as: the situation and condition of the environment, and learning
materials.
Pronunciation learning will be very interesting if teachers give it
appropriately through media. Media is all forms and channels used to convey
information or messages. Many kinds of media can be used to reduce student
boredom. These media are divided into visual, audio, and textual media. Every
media has several special advantages. There are a lot of foreign movies, tv
shows, and tv series that are broadcasted throughout the world. The popularity
of social media and other platforms also allows us to watch subtitled videos in
different languages. This phenomenon made language experts and educators
utilize these audio-visual products as one of their teaching media in their
classes. Researches show that this kind of audio-visual media has been
claimed as one of the effective tools in foreign Why does the researcher use
movie? Because movies can be a learning tool and entertaining facilities to
improve the pronunciation of children more effectively. According to the
theory of Borrás (1994) as cited in Megawati & Nuroh (2018) said something
else “Adversary of the utilization of subtitled video in foreign/second language
instructing content that nearness of subtitles is diverting and they slower to
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create of understudies listening capacities. Defenders of subtitles, on the other
way, that subtitles can help create speaking capability by empowering students
to be aware of speaking that they do not generally get it". To produce effective
pronunciation ability, communication strategy plays an important role in order
to avoid misunderstanding or problems that may appear in the conversation.
The suitable methodology should be connected to include the students
in the talking action, and additionally having them develop discussion in view
of the point given to them. Additionally, it appears to be important to give
curiosity material, which is outstanding by the students. They can without
much of a stretch connect with that material Katsara (2015) as cited in
Megawati & Nuroh (2018). The obvious condition with respect to the EFL
students in the schools, especially school in SMKS Agrobisnis Nahdliyin tenth
grade is the students had low pronunciation ability. They scarcely proposed
their thoughts or reasons in their pronunciation exercises. Consequently, it is
profitable to apply an interactive pronunciation methodology to enhance their
speaking.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher formulates a thesis
under the title “Investigating challenges an opportunities of using English
movie subtitle in teaching pronunciation”. The researcher hopes, this teaching
activity will be an enjoyable way that can have a positive.
B. Problem Identification
From the background above, the research identifies problems, which
are as follows:
1. What are the advantages in learning pronunciation using English subtitles?
2. What are the disadvantages in teaching pronunciation using English
subtitles?
C. Research Question
Based on the explanation in the problem identification above, the
problem that will analyze in this research is : “how is investigating challenges
an opportunities of using English movie subtitle in teaching pronunciation?”
D. Research Objective
In relation to the research question above, the objective of the research
is find out investigating challenges an opportunities of using English movie
subtitle in teaching pronunciation.
E. Research Significance
The results of the research is expected to provide the benefit both
theoretically and practically:
1) Theoretically Significance
The result of this study are expected that the using English
teaching pronunciation of class 10th students at SMKS Agrobisnis
Nahdilyin.
3. Practically Significance
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a. For Educator
Through research conducted by the researcher, this research is
expected to be a useful reference for English language learning.
This research is also expect to be able to provide teachers with a
choice of media that can be apply in teaching speaking to
overcome the difficulties faced by students, especially in terms of
pronunciation.
b. For Students
Through this research, show that it is important for students to
get used to pronouncing English words and also to improve their
fluency in speaking English.
F. Research Scope
The title of this study is an is investigating challenges an opportunities
of using English movie subtitle in teaching pronunciation. To find out more
about research to be carried out, the researcher must state the definition of
each word from the title, as follows:
1. Pronunciation is one aspect in supporting the English language skills
due to speak in English needed a good pronunciation of the language
in order to be delivered clearly understand able because when either
the pronunciation would change the meaning of that, actually cause
the other person will feel confused. Most of the students find it
difficult to pronounce the sentence in the English language due to the
absence of habituation and the right media.(Hidayatullah, 2018).
2. Media is all forms and channels used to convey information or
messages. Researches show that this kind of audio-visual media has
been claimed as one of the effective tools in foreign Why does the
researcher use subtitled movie? Because movies can be a learning tool
and entertaining facilities to teaching the pronunciation of children
more effectively.
3. Therefore, in the of study, the research is to know an is investigating
challenges an opportunities of using English movie subtitle in
teaching pronunciation.
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Review of Related Literature
The researched found several previous studies that are in line with the
topic of this research. Those are:
The first research was written by Megawati & Nuroh (2018) entitled
“The Effect of English Subtitle in Movie in Speaking Skills” of the third
grade students on English Education Study Program Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education University Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. In their research,
They used quasi experimental design. The result of this study showed that the
student could improve their ability in speaking skill through English subtitle.
The difference with this research is the sample. This research use students of
senior high school. Furthermore, the research that will be carried out by the
writer is more focused of students’ pronunciation, different with this research
that focus on students’ speaking achievement. Both of the studies are similar
of the variable that is subtitle.
The second research was conducted by Mulatsih (2015) entitled
“Pronunciation Ability by Using English Song in Indonesian Student of
Unswagati Cirebon”. This research used experimental method. The treatment
given in this study is the same as the treatment that will be carried out by the
researcher, when the researcher will teach and analyze the students’
pronunciation. The present research is different with the previous research on
the treatment. This research will use movie subtitle, while the previous used
song.
The third is a research by Sanjadireja (2020) entitled “Subtitle in
Teaching Pronunciation with Video. He found that watching video only, with
subtitle or no subtitle, does not improve students’ pronunciation. In his
research, the method that was used is qualitative approach and used
experimental post-test. This research is similar on the use of subtitle dealing
with pronunciation. However, the previous research is different in the
treatment. This research is more specific by using subtitled movie while the
previous was only used random videos.
The next research is entitled “improving students’ pronunciation
through western movie media” by Hidayatullah (2018). He found that,
successful indicators of the students’ pronunciation by using western movie
media were achieved. There were three cycles used in this research. Both of
the researches are similar on the use of movie and its effect toward
pronunciation. Therefore, they are different on the research method. The
previous research was used CAR (Classroom Action Research) as the research
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method. In the other hand, the present research will use descriptive qualitative
as the research method. The kind of movie for both of the studies are different
as well, this research is more specific than the previous research.
The last is the research by Farmand & Pourgharib (2020) entitled “The
Effect of English Songs on English Learners Pronunciation” they found that
how to help English learners learn the language as a foreign language
effectively is an essential issue which needs to be concerned having a correct
pronunciation is also very important. This study intended to explore the
examines weather using the English songs can increase students motivation on
learning English and it also can used to improve the EFL learners’
pronunciation. They have an opportunity of speaking in English about their
favorite songs. These researches are similar because both of the studies focus
on pronunciation. They are different because the previous research used
English songs worked for experimental group and the effect of English songs
on EFL learners’ pronunciation was investigated. In the opposite, this research
will use movie dealing with students’ pronunciation.
Therefore, to differentiate from previous research, this research is
aimed at investigating challenges an opportunities of using English movie
subtitle in teaching pronunciation. Based on the explanation above, the
English subtitle movie is used by researchers because this method focuses on
advantages and disadvantages English subtitled movie using in teaching
Pronunciation.
A. Theoretical Review
1. Pronunciation
a. Definition of Pronunciation
Pronunciation is the act of giving the true sounds of letters in words,
and the true accents and quantity of syllables. Pronunciation refers to the
ability to use the correct stress, rhythm, and intonation of a word in a spoken
language. Besides that, pronunciation is the act or result of producing the
sounds of speech, such as: articulation stress and intonation, often with
reference to some standard of correctness or acceptability. A word can be
spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many
factors, such as: the area in which they grew up, the area in which they now
live. According to Harmer (2001) in Mulatsih (2015) “the areas of
pronunciation which we need to draw our students’ attention to include
individual sounds they are having difficulty with, word and phrase/sentence,
stress and intonation. In the other hand, students will also need help with
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connected speech for fluency and the correspondence between sounds and
spelling and if there is no creativity from the teacher, it will be hard for
students who especially a foreign language student to pronounce the word
correctly”. There are some reasons why pronunciation is important for
example improved pronunciation shows that students have become more
native-like in their categorical perception of sounds.
This means that they are more likely not only to sound like native when
they speak, but also to understand which sounds that in words that native to
them (i.e., improved reading aloud). According to Kelly (2002) as cited in
Mulatsih (2015) states “At some stage, when a text is read aloud either by the
teacher or the students’, pronunciation work can be integrated. Such text as
poems, rhymes, extracts from plays, song lyrics, etc, can be used creatively in
the classroom and offer plenty of scopes for pronunciation work”.
Pronunciation is important in English because mispronunciations will make the
hearer misunderstand about the meaning of utterance. Pronunciation is one of
the three components of languages, together with grammar and vocabulary.
Teaching pronunciation is important because it may help students to speak more
confidently, easier to understand by the listeners, and also the use of
communicative and effective language.
b. Problem in pronunciation
In pronunciation there are many problems one of the Sounds and
spelling In the same or other language sounds and spelling will be the close
connection, but in English this is frequently no problem. Sound are
represented here by phonetic symbols. This is cause by there is no one no
connection between written letters and spoken sounds. The sounds, for
example, it can be realized in a number of different spelling (e.g. won (
/wən/ ), young ( /jəŋ/ ), funny ( /fəni/ ), flood (/fləd/ ) ). The letters /ou/, on the
other hand, can be pronounced in a number of different ways. Puspita (2018)
2. The concept of English Movie
a. Definition Of English Movie
Movie is communication medium that seeks to convey messages through a
combination of audio (sound), visual (images) and also the sound of music that is
presented through the composition of camera techniques and a number of
technologies that make it into moving images. As a from of mass media, in this
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case movie also has social responsibility to the public regarding what will be
conveyed. It is not just conveying information and entertaining but is required to
carry out its educational function to enlighten and educate the public Effendy
(2004). English movie is one of the media which can be use in language learning.
Media of learning is one of important factor instead of the purpose materials,
methods and evaluasi in learning process. Media is the thing which is use to send
message from sender to receiver to motivation attention’s student. According to
Rudolf as cited in Puspita (2018) that movie or film resembles painting music,
literature, and the dance in this respect-it is a medium that may, but need not be
used to produce artistic result colored picture post cards, for instance are not art
and are not intended to be. Neither are military march a true confession story, or a
strip tease, and the movies are not necessarily film art. Reviews something similar
about movies. Every movie will be interesting and entertaining, and make the
audience think. Each piece of work is unique and interesting, so there are many
ways that can used in a documentary to convey ideas about the real world.
Based on the explanation above the writer summarized that English movie or
film is an art the form of audio visual that tell a story are shown for public
entertainment. Using movie to teach English can help
motivate students and remove some of the anxiety of not knowing the language
however, they are not just entertainment; they are also valuable language teaching
tool.
3. Concept of subtitle
a. Definition of subtitle
Subtitles allow an accented language become intelligible to any
viewer. To understand the content of a movie, subtitle plays the important role
to bridge the audience need, such as deliver the word according to the
audience native and culture. Because, if the audience does not understand the
meaning of the utterance, automatically the audience would read and process
the subtitles in their native. But, when the subtitles are in the language of the
film, the audience is able to hear the new accent while reading the text.
Simultaneously hearing and reading foreign words help incorporate what the
audience hears through their phonetic understanding of the language, then it
can understand the future words as they come up and familiarize themselves
with the sounds of their new language. Grignon, Lavaur & Blanc (2005) as
cited in Kusumawati (2018) compared three versions of a film sequence (that
is, dubbed, subtitled, and original versions) and they found that the dubbed
and subtitled versions lead to better performance than the original version.
With the rapid developments in high technology, both in software and
hardware, in recent years more and more information has been presented in or
transferred to audio visual formats, such as film in DVD formats, and that has
increased in interface between technologies language and culture. Amongst
these media, subtitling is a key technique for facilitating communication with
viewers and has recently been widely discussed especially in comparison with
dubbing which is, at present, another mainstream method.
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Subtitle in any language are wonderful tools that let people enjoy film
from other cultures and countries, but for language learners subtitles might
often a new path to language comprehension. According to Bila Khalid as
cited in Puspita (2018) Subtitling is a type of translation, particularly in the
audiovisual filed which includes dubbing, voice-over and audio description. In
other words, the audiovisual language of TV programs or films transferred
with certain forms to be understandable by target audiences whom they are not
familiar with its source language. From the definition above the writer
conclude that subtitle is a translation file in the form of writing or text from a
movie that will be shown in a foreign language with the aim of spectator can
see what means about story in movies.
B. Conceptual Framework
Subtitle movie
Teaching Pronunciation
Advantages and disadvantages subtitled movie
From the conceptual framework above, it can be understand that the
researcher will research the advantages and disadvantages subtitled movies
using in teaching pronunciation.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Approach and Design
In this research uses qualitative descriptive research methods. Miles
and Huberman (2014: 16) stated qualitative use word that is arranged in the text
that is expanded. It means qualitative data is the source of a broad and reasonable
description and Creswell (2009: 16) explain that qualitative research is exploring
and understanding the phenomena, events, social interactions, behaviors,
attitudes, values, expectations, perception and thoughts of individuals or groups.
From the theories, qualitative research based on descriptive data naturally and it
focuses on understanding the context of the research.
Sugiyono (2013) stated that qualitative research method is a research
method used to examine the condition of natural object. That is, the use of
students' in learning motivation is only described as it is, without giving any
treatment. In this research, the researcher was used qualitative method because
only analysis based on the fact that had been found. The researcher only focuses
on describing data of students' in teaching pronunciation. As result, the researcher
only would describe what are the students in learning motivation.
B. Site and Participants
This research is located in SMKS Agrobisnis Nahdilyin, Lerang
Village, Cina District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The
researcher takes participants from students of class 10 th of SMKS Agrobisnis
Nahdilyin . In SMKS Agrobisnis Nahdilyin consist of one class at the tenth
grade.
The researcher will select 10 students by random sampling to be
interview. The researcher will ask several things and opinion from each
student regarding in pronunciation.
C. Research Instrument
1. Observation
Observation is a major data collection in qualitative research.
Observation is directly activity to see an object of the research in teaching and
learning process. Observation is the complex process, a process that
determined from whole aspects of biology and psychology (Arikunto,
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2013:172). According to Ary (2010), observation is a basic method for
obtaining data in qualitative research and is more than just “hanging out.”
Qualitative observations rely on narrative or words to describe the setting, the
behaviors, and the interactions. The goal is to understand complex interactions
in natural settings. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that
observation is the way for the researcher to collect the data about something
which is happening by seeing, observing, and understanding the object, setting
or the phenomena.
According to the definition above, researchers do observational
research using methods that allow with observations. The researcher employs
the checklist notation approach, often known as checklist observation. In order
to quickly provide a checklist after an observation, checklist notation arranges
the observation structure by classifying and labeling behavior before the
observation is conducted. The event, behavior, individual or group actions, or
object being watched serve as the checklist in checklist notation.
2. Interview
Latief (2015) stated that interview is a data gathering instrument that
involves direct verbal interaction between individuals. In addition interviews
are used for researchers to know the things of the respondents more deeply.
According to Sukardi (2003) interview is the process of communication
interaction to collect information by way of question and answer researcher
and respondent. Interview was the process or the steps to gain the useful
information for the research was being performed in the way of question and
answer directly face to face, talk directly or orally.
Interview performed by the researcher was the deep interview to
discover the deepest information concerning of the student’s in learning
motivation. In this step, the researcher was used mobile phone to record the
data from the interview. Note taking was also used as other instrument to get
addition information during the interview. Interviews involve some form of
direct contact between the students in the eighth grade who presents the
questions to each person in the sample group and records their response. The
purpose of the interview was to get accurate answer directly from the subject,
namely student, then interview the teacher to get the point of view of the
teacher.
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3. Documentation
The documentation method is a data collection method used to trace
historical data. Documents about people or groups of people, events, or
incidents in social situations are very useful in qualitative research (Yusuf,
2014). Documentation comes from the word document, which means written
good, the documentation method means procedures for collecting data by
recording existing data. The documentation that will be used in this study is
in the form of documents that can be accessed by researchers from subjects
who can add data information for research. In this research, the researcher
will use documentation in the form of recordings and photographs as
concrete evidence research.
D. Validity and Reliability of Instrument
The test used for testing students’ in learning motivation had to have
validity. In according to Bachman (2004, p.259) explains that validity is an
integrated evaluative judgment of the degree to which empirical evidence and
theoretical rationales support the adequacy and appropriateness of inferences
and action based on test scores or other modes of assessment. In according to
Brown (2002, pp. 23-24) said that the expert should look into whether the
test content is representative of the skills that are supposed to be measured.
Reliability is the accuracy and dependability of a measuring instrument
or tool used to measure an object. When measuring devices are used to
measure the same event twice or more and produce consistent findings, the
device is considered reliable. Reliability is defined as the consistency of
measuring instruments in measuring the same phenomenon more clearly. The
reliability of the measuring instrument is a very important consideration so
that the research result are good. Therefore, researchers must ensure that the
measuring instruments used can be trusted.
E. Produce of Data Collection
In qualitative research, the quality of research is highly dependent on
the quality and completeness of the data produced. Therefore it is deemed
necessary to have data collection procedures so that the data obtained is of
higher quality and completeness. The data collection procedure involves
several supporting activities, such as preparing the format of questions in
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interviews, selecting informants, and recording data/information on the
results of data collection.
The several stages of data collection that will be carried out by researchers in
this study can be seen as follows:
1. The researcher first met with the English teacher who would later become
the informant and the class he was invited to become the research
location.
2. The researcher discusses the meeting schedule and the number of
meetings needed in this research.
3. The researcher will come to the 10th class which the teacher chose as the
research location.
4. The researcher prepare note-taking tools and checklist paper that has been
made. Then researchers will observe the learning process, especially on
student pronunciation.
5. The researcher gives directions to students and asks questions about
English, especially learning pronunciation.
6. The researcher will conduct interviews with 10 students.
7. After the observation and interview processes are complete, the researcher
will analyze the data obtained.
8. After the researcher has analyzed, the writing is done and a conclusion is
drawn about this research.
F. Technique of Analysis
This research uses qualitative research, so it is analyzed using
techniques qualitative descriptive analysis proposed by Miles and
Huberman (in Sugiyono, 2015) namely the qualitative data analysis
carried out interactively which continues until it is complete. In this
study the data were analyzed using techniques as follows:
1. Reduction of data
Reducing data means summarizing, choosing the main things,
focusing on the important things, and looking for themes and
patterns. Thus the reduced data will provide a clearer picture of the
research results. According to Sugiyono (2013, p.92) reduction data
is identification the data until that to small part in data that have
meaning when be looked by focus on research problem. In this step,
the analysis data start with observation the students in learning
process, to see the situation and condition. Then, doing interview
with the students to know and getting more information what are the
students’ problem on pronunciation of the tenth grade of SMKS
Agrobisnis Nahdilyin.
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2. Display of data
Display of data is group of data or arranging information is
given as possibility to take conclusion an action data. This
implementation to make the researcher become easier to analyze and
to draw conclusion. In data display which the researcher should go
through and means taking the reduced data and displaying it in an
organized. Compressed way so that conclusions can be more easily
drawn (Moleong, 2009, p.42).
In presenting the data, it is attempted using simple words so
that it is easy to understand and not to boring. The presentation of
the data obtained so that the presenter can provide the possibility to
draw conclusions and take action.
3. Conclusion drawing/verification
Conclusion and verification is the final analytical activity for
the qualitative research. In this step, the researcher taken a
conclusion and verification from the result of observation and
interview data. This conclusion on qualitative research may be able
to answer the formulation of the problem that was formulated from
the start, but it may also not because as stated that the problem and
problem formulation in qualitative research is still temporary and
will develop after the research in the field.
In this research, conclusion will be drawn after the researcher
conducted research, namely ?
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