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03-ME2400 - Lec3 - Class 2025

The document discusses the differences between analog and digital systems, highlighting that analog systems use continuous signals while digital systems utilize binary code. It covers the importance of signal converters, such as analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and introduces programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in control applications. Additionally, it emphasizes the integration of mechanical engineering with electronics in mechatronics for product and process design.

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8 views11 pages

03-ME2400 - Lec3 - Class 2025

The document discusses the differences between analog and digital systems, highlighting that analog systems use continuous signals while digital systems utilize binary code. It covers the importance of signal converters, such as analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and introduces programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in control applications. Additionally, it emphasizes the integration of mechanical engineering with electronics in mechatronics for product and process design.

Uploaded by

kunalgoyal098
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measurements, Instrumentation, and Control

ME 2400

Instructor: Charchit Kumar (Section C)

[email protected] / [email protected]
Phone: +91-(0)44 2257 4686

103, Ranganathan Building - Manufacturing Section


IIT Madras, Chennai

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 1


Analog Systems and Digital Systems

• Analog systems: ones where all the signals are continuous functions of time

• Digital systems: ones whose signal has a finite number of discrete


values or a sequence of on/off

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 2


Analog Systems

• Analog systems use smooth and continuous signals like


electrical voltages or sound waves.
• Analog systems are better suited for representing real-world
phenomena
• Analog systems provide smooth and continuous transitions
between different values
• Analog systems can be more complex than digital systems

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 3


Digital Systems
• Digital systems use binary code, which is a combination of zeros and ones
• Digital systems are more accurate than analog systems
• Digital systems are immune to noise and interference
• Digital systems are used to control an operation by program

Most situations being controlled are analog.


(Ex, an input of temperature and an output from a speaker
Digital converters

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 4


Signal Converters
Analog-to-digital converters (ADC)

Digital-to-analog converters (DAC

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 5


Micro-controller

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 6


Micro-controller control

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 7


Sequential controller
Sequential control refers to a system where
actions are performed in a specific order over
time or sequence.

Can be performed using:


1. an electric circuit with sets of relays or cam-
operated switches
2. Microprocessor-controlled system

Digital washing machine

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 8


Programmable Logic Controller

• A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a microprocessor-based controller that


uses programmable memory to store instructions and to implement functions such
as logic, sequence, timing, counting, and arithmetic to control events.

• Can be readily reprogrammed for different tasks.

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 9


Automobile Airbag
• Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are
mechanical devices that are built onto semiconductor
chips

• MEMS: consist of microprocessor, micro-sensors and


micro-actuators

• MEMS accelerometer sensor

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 10


Mechatronics is a coordinated and concurrent integration of mechanical
engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control in the
design and manufacture of products and processes.

ME2400 Meas., Instr. & Control 11

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