ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES

ELECTRIC CARS
ALEJANDRO TRUJI L L O
MAN YU ZHAN G
I GN ACI O CRE S PO
CONTENT
INDEX

ADVANTAGES DI S ADVANT AG E S
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS HIGH INITIAL COST
ENERGY EFFICIENCY LIMITED RANGE
OPERATIONAL COSTS CHARGING TIME
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
DRIVING EXPERIENCE BATTERY RECYCLING
GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES DEPENDENCE OF LIMITED RESOURCES
PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT PERFORMANCE IN COLD CLIMATES
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT VEHICLE WHEIGHT
 ELECTRIC CARS
Electric cars, or electric vehicles (EVs), are
vehicles powered entirely by electricity stored in
batteries.
Unlike traditional internal combustion engine
vehicles that run on gasoline or diesel, EVs use
electric motors for propulsion. This technology
offers several advantages, including reduced
emissions, lower operational costs, and improved
energy efficiency.
With advances in battery technology and
increasing availability of charging infrastructure,
electric cars are becoming a popular and
sustainable alternative to conventional vehicles.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
BENEFITS
1 . Reduced Emissions: Electric cars produce zero tailpipe emissions, lowering
greenhouse gases like CO2.
2 . Improved Air Quality: No emissions of pollutants like NOx and particulate
matter, reducing smog and health issues.
3 . Higher Energy Efficiency: More efficient energy use compared to internal
combustion engines.
4 . Less Noise Pollution: Lower noise levels in urban areas.
5 . Renewable Energy Use: Can be charged with renewable energy
 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

1 HI GHER CON VER S I O N RA TE

Electric cars convert more energy from the
battery to drive the wheels, typically around
60-70%, compared to 20-30% for internal
combustion engines.
2 REDUCED E N ER GY L O S S
Les s e nerg y i s l os t a s h e a t i n el ect ri c
v eh i cl e s, ma k i n g th em more ef f i ci en t .

3 REGENERAT I VE B R AKI NG
El e ctri c cars c a n rec ov er en ergy d uri n g
br aki n g , whi c h i n c rea s es ov era l l ef f i ci en cy.
 OPERATIONAL COSTS

1 LOWER FUE L CO S T S
El e ctri ci ty i s g en era l l y ch ea per t h a n
g asol i ne or di es el , reduci n g t h e cos t per
mi l e.

2 REDUCED MAI N T EN AN CE
Fewer movi n g p a rts i n e l ect ri c ca rs l ea d
to l ower mai n ten a n c e c os t s (e. g. , n o oi l
chang es, f ewer p a rts to repl a ce).

3 I NCENTI VES AN D T AX BE N E F ITS

Man y g overn men ts of f er f i n a n ci a l
i ncenti ves, ta x c redi ts , a n d reb a t es f or
el ectri c car o wn ers
 TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION
1 . Advanced Batteries: Continuous improvements in battery technology are
increasing energy density, reducing charging times, and extending
vehicle range.
2 . Smart Charging Solutions: Development of faster and more efficient
charging systems, including wireless and ultra-fast chargers.
3 . Autonomous Driving: Integration of advanced driver-assistance systems
(ADAS) and self-driving technology.
4 . Connectivity: Enhanced connectivity features, such as over-the-air
updates, remote diagnostics, and integration with smart home systems.
5 . Energy Management: Innovative energy management systems that
optimize power usage and enhance overall vehicle efficiency.
 DRIVING
EXPERIENCE

SMOOTH ACCELERATION: ELECTRIC MOTORS PROVIDE LESS VIBRATION: FEWER MOVING PARTS LEAD TO LESS
INSTANT TORQUE, RESULTING IN SMOOTH AND RAPID VIBRATION, CONTRIBUTING TO A SMOOTHER RIDE.
ACCELERATION.

QUIET OPERATION: ELECTRIC CARS ARE MUCH QUIETER REGENERATIVE BRAKING: THIS FEATURE ENHANCES
THAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLES, BRAKING EFFICIENCY AND CAN EXTEND THE LIFE OF
PROVIDING A MORE SERENE DRIVING EXPERIENCE. THE BRAKING SYSTEM.
 GOVERNMENT 1.PURCHASE GRANTS: DIRECT FINANCIAL
GRANTS OR REBATES PROVIDED AT THE

INCENTIVES
POINT OF SALE TO REDUCE THE PURCHASE
PRICE OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE.
EXAMPLE: THE U.S. OFFERS A FEDERAL TAX
CREDIT OF UP TO $7,500 FOR QUALIFYING
ELECTRIC VEHICLES.

2.TAX DEDUCTIONS AND CREDITS: TAX

GOV ERNMENTS ARO UND T H E W O R L D AR E CREDITS REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF INCOME
TAX OWED BY THE EV PURCHASER.
OF F ERI NG VARI O US I NC EN T I VE S T O
PR OMOTE THE ADO P TI O N O F E L E CT R I C 3.REDUCED REGISTRATION FEES: LOWER
VEH I C L ES ( E VS ) . THES E I N CE N T I VE S AI M T O REGISTRATION FEES FOR EVS COMPARED TO
MAKE EVS MO RE AF F O RD AB L E AN D CONVENTIONAL VEHICLES.
AT T RACTI VE TO C O NS UME R S .
4.FREE OR DISCOUNTED PARKING: FREE OR
REDUCED-COST PARKING IN URBAN AREAS
AND AT PUBLIC CHARGING STATIONS.
 PUBLIC
HEALTH
IMPACT

R EDUCED A I R POL L UTI ON R EDUCED NOI S E POL L UTI O N

ELECTRIC VEHICLES PRODUCE ZERO TAILPIPE ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE MUCH QUIETER THAN
EMISSIONS, MEANING THEY DO NOT EMIT CONVENTIONAL ICE VEHICLES BECAUSE THEY LACK
POLLUTANTS THAT ARE TYPICALLY RELEASED BY THE NOISY COMBUSTION ENGINE AND EXHAUST
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (ICE) VEHICLES. SYSTEMS. THE MAIN SOURCES OF NOISE IN EVS ARE
TIRE-ROAD INTERACTION AND WIND RESISTANCE
AT HIGHER SPEEDS.
INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT
THE GROWTH OF EV CHARGING STATIONS IS
A DYNAMIC AND RAPIDLY EVOLVING SECTOR
WITHIN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT.
THE CONCERTED EFFORTS OF
GOVERNMENTS, PRIVATE COMPANIES, AND
VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS ARE DRIVING
SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS. WHILE CHALLENGES
REMAIN, ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY
AND INCREASING INVESTMENTS ARE PAVING
THE WAY FOR A MORE EXTENSIVE AND
RELIABLE CHARGING NETWORK, ESSENTIAL
FOR THE WIDESPREAD ADOPTION OF
ELECTRIC VEHICLES.
DISADVANTAGES:
 HIGH INITIAL COST

F ACTORS CO N T R I B U T I N G IT I MPACT ON CO N S U MER I NDI VI DUAL S ER VI CE

1 . C os t compa r i s o n wi t h 1 . Af f or da bi l i t y a n d
i n t e r na l comb us t i o n e n g i ne Accessi bi li t y. 1 . T echni ca l
( I C E) v ehi cl es . 2 . T ot a l Cost o f O wn e r shi p a dv a ncement s.
2 . Ba t t er y cos t s . ( TC O) . 2 . Ma r ket Comp e t i t i o n .
3 . I n cent i v es a n d s ub si d i es . 3 . C onsumer Pe r ce p t i o n s 3 . P ol i cy Suppo r t
a n d Deci si on- ma ki n g
 LIMITED RANGE
COMPARI SO N WI T H COMBU STIO N I MPACTS ON D R I VER S
VEHI CLES
Electric Vehicles: Most modern EVs have a range of 1. Range Anxiety: The fear that an EV will run out
150 to 300 miles on a single charge, though some of charge before reaching a destination or a
high-end models can exceed 400 miles. For example, charging point.
the Tesla Model S Long Range offers about 405 2. Driving patterns and lifestyle.
miles. 3. Availability of charging infrastructure.
Combustion Vehicles: Typical gasoline-powered cars
can travel 400 to 600 miles on a full tank, with
some diesel vehicles reaching over 700 miles.
1 REF UELI NG I CE VEH I CLE S
Dur at i o n : T ypi c a ll y t a ke s 5 - 1 0 mi nute s to
r e f uel a g a s o li n e o r d i e se l v e hi cle .

2 CHARGI NG EVS
Dur at i o n : C ha r g i ng t i me s v a r y
s i g n i f i ca nt l y b a s e d o n t he typ e o f cha rge r
a n d t he ba t t er y ca p a ci t y. H e re a re the
ma i n t ypes o f EV cha r g e r s .
3 CONCLUSI ON
Whi l e EV cha r g i n g t i me s a re ge n e ra lly lo n ge r
t ha n t he qui ck r e f ue li n g ti me s f o r I CE
v e hi cl e s , s i g ni f i ca n t p r o g r e ss i s b e i n g ma de
t o b r i dg e t hi s g a p .
 CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
AVAILABILITY
CUR RENT CO VER AGE OF CH A RGIN G
I SS UES I N R U R AL AR EAS
I NF RASTRU CT U R E
1.Global Overview: The number of public charging 1.Limited availability
stations has been increasing rapidly worldwide.
2.Regional developments: 2.Infrastructure investment
United States: The U.S. has over 100,000 public
charging points. 3.Grid capacity
Europe:Europe has a dense network of charging
stations. 4.Policy and incentives
China: China leads in the number of charging
points.
 BATTERY RECYCLING AND
DISPOSAL
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
EVI RONMEN T AL I MPACT RECYCLI NG MET H O D S
DIRECTIONS
1 . Mecha ni ca l r e cycli n g 1 . Economi c v i a b i l i t y
1 . T oxi c i t y a nd p o ll ut i o n
2 . H ydr omet a ll ur g i ca l r e cycl i n g 2 . R eg ul a t or y f r a me wo r k
2 . R es our ce d e p l e t i o n
3 . P yr omet a l lur g i ca l r e cyc l i n g 3 . T echnol og i ca l
3 . Gr eenhous e g a s e mi s si on s a dv a ncement s
4 . Di r ect r ecycl i n g
4 . I n dust r y co l la b o r a t i o n