SQL COMMANDS , SYNTAX & EXAMPLES
1)Creating Database
a)command :CREATE create an empty database.
b)syntax:
CREATE Database<Database_name>;
c)Example :mysql>CREATE Database college;
2)Showing Database
a)command: SHOW Show the list of existing database on
the server.
b)syntax:
SHOW <expression>;
c)Example : mysql>SHOW databases;
3)Dropping a database
a)command: DROP Drop the existing database.
b)syntax:
DROP database<database_name>;
c)Example: mysql> DROP database college;
4)Using a Database
a)command: USE Specified database is now current
working database.
b)syntax:
USE <database_name>;
c)Example : mysql>USE college;
DDL COMMANDS
1)CREATE : Create a table (only structure).
Command :CREATE
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(
Col_name1 datatype(size),
Col_name2 datatype(size),
---------------------------------
Col_nameN datatype(size)
);
Example :
Table name : STUDENT(ROLL,NAME,MARK)
mysql> CREATE TABLE STUDENT
( ROLL NUMBER ,
NAME VARCHAR(15),
MARK NUMBER);
Display Table structure
Command : DESCRIPTION / DESC
Syntax :
DESC <table_name>;
Example : mysql>DESC STUDENT;
STUDENT
Fields Type Null Key Default Extra
ROLL NUMBER YES NULL
NAME VARCHAR(15) YES NULL
MARK NUMBER YES NULL
2) ALTER : Change the existing structure of the
table(add/drop column , modify data type of column, rename
column name).
Command :ALTER
Syntax :
ALTER TABLE <TABLE_NAME > ADD
<NEW_COL>DATATYPE(SIZE);
OR
ALTER TABLE <TABLE_NAME>DROP COLUMN
<COL_NAME>;
OR
ALTER TABLE <TABLE_NAME> MODIFY
<COLUMN_NAME> <NEW DATA TYPE><SIZE>;
OR
ALTER TABLE <TABLE_NAME>RENAME
<EXISTING_COL_NAME>TO<NEW_COL_NAME>;
Example :
A)Add column PHNO. ,datatype Number to Student
table
Mysql>ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD PHNO
NUMBER;
To display structure : DESC STUDENT;
FIELDS TYPE NULL KEY DEFAULT EXTRA
ROLL NUMBER YES NULL
NAME VARCHAR YES NULL
MARK NUMBER YES NULL
PHNO NUMBER YES NULL
B)Drop column PHNO from Student table
Mysql>ALTER TABLE STUDENT DROP COLUMN
PHNO;
To display structure : DESC STUDENT;
Fields Type Null Key Default Extra
ROLL NUMBER YES NULL
NAME VARCHAR YES NULL
MARK NUMBER YES NULL
C)Change the datatype of MARK(Number) to
MARK(Decimal(5,2))
Mysql>ALTER TABLE STUDENT MODIFY MARK
DECIMAL(5,2);
To display structure : DESC STUDENT;
FIELD TYPE NUL KE DEFAUL EXTR
S L Y T A
ROLL NUMBER YES NULL
NAME VARCHAR YES NULL
MARK DECIMAL(5,2 YES NULL
)
D)Change the name of the column MARK to TOTALMARK
Mysql>ALTER TABLE STUDENT RENAME MARK TO
TOTALMARK;
To display structure : DESC STUDENT;
FIELDS TYPE NUL KE DEFAU EXTR
L Y LT A
ROLL NUMBER YES NULL
NAME VARCHAR YES NULL
TOTALMA DECIMAL(5 YES NULL
RK ,2)
3) RENAME : This command is used to change the name of
the existing table.
Command :RENAME
Syntax :
RENAME <OLD TABLE_NAME> TO <NEW
TABLE_NAME>;
Example: Change the name of the table from STUDENT to
IT_STUDENT
Mysql>RENAME STUDENT TO IT_STUDENT;
To display structure : DESC IT_STUDENT;
FIELDS TYPE NUL KE DEFAU EXTR
L Y LT A
ROLL NUMBER YES NULL
NAME VARCHAR YES NULL
TOTALMA DECIMAL(5 YES NULL
RK ,2)
4)TRUNCATE :This command is used to delete all records
from the table but the structure remains same.
Command : TRUNCATE
Syntax :
TRUNCATE TABLE <TABLE_NAME>;
Example : Delete all records from IT_STUDENT table.
Mysql>TRUNCATE TABLE IT_STUDENT;
5)DROP : This command is used to permanently delete the
table from database.
Command : DROP
Syntax :
DROP TABLE <TABLE_NAME>;
Example : Drop IT_STUDENT table
Mysql>DROP TABLE IT_STUDENT;
To display structure : DESC IT_STUDENT;
No table exist
DML COMMANDS
1)SELECT : This command is used to fetch the data from
database and project to the user.
Command :SELECT
Syntax : SELECT <clo1> , <col2> , <col3> , -------<col N>
FROM <table_name>; (Selected fields)
OR
SELECT * FROM <table_name>; (Display all records)
Example : SELECT * FROM STUDENT ;
2)INSERT : Insert records in a table.
Command : INSERT
Syntax :
INSERT INTO <TABLE_NAME>
VALUES (value1,value2,------,value N);
OR
INSERT INTO <TABLE_NAME>
(col1, col2, -----------------,col N)
VALUES(value1,value2, ------value N);
Example : student
Roll Name Mark
1 Raj 65
2 Yash 48
3 Piyush 69
Mysql> INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(1, ’Raj’ ,65);
Mysql> INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(2, ’Yash’ ,48);
Mysql> INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(3,
’Piyush’ ,69);
To display Table
Mysql>SELECT * FROM STUDENT;
ROLL NAME MARK
1 Raj 65
2 Yash 48
3 Piyush 69
3)UPDATE : This command is used to change values that are
already in table.
Command : UPDATE
Syntax :
UPDATE <TABLE_NAME>
SET <ATTRIBUTE> = <VALUE/EXPRESSION>
WHERE <CONDITION>;
Example : Change the mark of Yash 55
Mysql>UPDATE STUDENT
SET MARK=55
WHERE NAME = ‘Yash’;
To display Table
Mysql>SELECT * FROM STUDENT;
ROLL NAME MARK
1 Raj 65
2 Yash 55
3 Piyush 69
4)DELETE :This command is used to delete a record form
the table.
Command : DELETE
Syntax :
DELETE FROM <TABLE_NAME>
WHERE <CONDITION>;
Example : Delete the record Piyush from Student table.
Mysql>DELETE FROM STUDENT
WHERE NAME = “Piyush’;
To display Table
Mysql>SELECT * FROM STUDENT;
ROLL NAME MARK
1 Raj 65
2 Yash 55
