Scribd
Upload
3 views37 pages

Lecture 2

The document covers key concepts in probability and statistics, including measures of variability such as variance, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and the coefficient of variance. It explains the box and whisker plot as a graphical method for displaying data variation and provides a step-by-step procedure for constructing one using a given data set. Additionally, it includes examples and calculations related to quartiles and interquartile range.

Uploaded by

l236719
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views37 pages

Lecture 2

The document covers key concepts in probability and statistics, including measures of variability such as variance, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and the coefficient of variance. It explains the box and whisker plot as a graphical method for displaying data variation and provides a step-by-step procedure for constructing one using a given data set. Additionally, it includes examples and calculations related to quartiles and interquartile range.

Uploaded by

l236719
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

Probability & Statistics

(MT2006)
Lecture-2
Engr. Fahad Haseeb
Lecturer
[email protected]
Measure of Variability
Calculate sample variance and standard deviation:

X = 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5
Quartiles
Skewness refers to asymmetry in a
symmetrical bell curve in a data set. If the
curve is shifted to the left or to the right, it is
Skewness said to be skewed.
Kurtosis is defined as a measure of ‘peakedness’
and is generally measured relative to normal
Kurtosis distributions.
Coefficient of variance
• Coefficient of variance (relative standard deviation)
• Used to compare the data dispersion between
distinct series of data
Coefficient of variance & Standard deviation
Example
Example
Presentation of Data
Box & Whisker Plot
A box and whisker plot is defined as a graphical method of displaying variation in a set of data.
Box and whisker plot can provide additional detail while allowing multiple sets of data to be
displayed in the same graph.
Box and whisker plots are very effective and easy to read, as they can summarize data from
multiple sources and display the results in a single graph.
Box and whisker plots allow for comparison of data from different categories for easier, more
effective decision-making.
Box & Whisker Plot
The procedure to develop a box and whisker plot comes from the five statistics below.
Minimum value: The smallest value in the data set
Second quartile: The value below which the lower 25% of the data are contained
Median value: The middle number in a range of numbers
Third quartile: The value above which the upper 25% of the data are contained
Maximum value: The largest value in the data set
Box & Whisker Plot
Box & Whisker Plot
Draw the box plot for the given set of data: {3, 7, 8, 5, 12, 14, 21, 13, 18}.
Box & Whisker Plot
Draw the box plot for the given set of data: {3, 7, 8, 5, 12, 14, 21, 13, 18}.

Range = Maximum value – Minimum value


Range = 21 – 3 = 18
Now, Median = center value of the given data
Median = 12
Now, we need to find the quartiles.
First quartile = Q1 = Median of data values present at the left side of Median
Q1 = Median of (3, 5, 7, 8)
Q1 = (5+7)/2 = 12/2 = 6
Third quartile = Q3 = Median of data values present at the right side of Median
Q3 = Median of (13, 14, 18, 21)
Q3 = (14+18)/2 = 32/2 = 16
Therefore, the interquartile range = Q3 – Q1 = 16 – 6 = 10
Box & Whisker Plot
Draw the box plot for the given set of data: {3, 7, 8, 5, 12, 14, 21, 13, 18}.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Reading Data from a C.F. Graph

Q3 = UQ = 55

Q2 = M = 33

Q1 = LQ = 24

You might also like