PROGRAMME: ND RAILWAY ENGINEERING COURSE CODE: MTH 113 UNIT: TOTAL CONTACT

TECHNOLOGY HOURS: 2
COURSE TITLE: ALGEBRA & ELEMENTARY THEORETICAL:2
TRIGONOMETRY Hours/week
YEAR/SEMESTER: ND I /2 Pre-requisite: - PRACTICAL: 0
Hours/week
GOAL: To enable the students acquire basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry and apply same in solving problems in their area s of specialization

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: On completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1.0 Understand the laws of indices and their application in simplifying Algebraic expressions.
2.0 Understand the theory of logarithms and surds and their applications in manipulating expressions.
3.0 Understand principles underlying the construction of charts and graphs.
4.0 Know the different methods of solving quadratic equations.
5.0 Understand Permutation and Combination.
6.0 Understand the set theory.
7.0 Understand the properties of arithmetic and geometric progressions.
8.0 Understand the binomial and its application in the expansion of expressions
9.0 Understand the basic concepts and manipulation of vectors and complex number and their applications to the solution of engineering
problems.
10.0 Understand the definition, manipulation and application of trigonometric function.
11.0 Understand the concept of equations and methods solving different types of equations and apply same to engineering problem.

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PROGRAMME: ND RAILWAY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
COURSE: ALGEBRA AND ELEMENTARY TRIGONOMETRY CODE: MTH 113 CH/CU: 2

GOAL: To enable the students acquire basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry and apply same in solving problems in their areas of specialization.

COURSE SPECIFICATION: THEORY/PRACTICAL CONTENT

GENERAL OBJECTIVE 1.0: Understand The Laws of Indices And Their Applications In Simplifying
Algebraic Expressions.
THEORETICAL CONTENTS PRACTICAL CONTENTS
WEEK/ SPECIFIC LEARNING TEACHER’S RESOURCES SPECIFIC LEARNING TEACHER’S RESOURCES
S OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES

1.1 Define indices. Define indices. Recommended textbooks, Define indices. Illustrate with example Recommended
1.2 State the laws of indices whiteboard, Lecture and textbooks,
1.3 Solve simple problems Establish the laws of
1 using the laws of indices. State the laws of notes, multimedia indices. whiteboard,
indices. projector, and computer. Supervise the Lecture notes,
Solve simple problems students’ work. multimedia
Solving simple using the laws of indices. projector, and
problems using the laws Explain laws of computer.
of indices. indices.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE 2.0: Understand Theory of Logarithms, Surds And Their Applications In Manipulating Expression
2.1 Define logarithms. Definite of logarithms. Recommended textbooks, Define logarithm. Observe, instruct and Recommended
2.2 State the basic laws of whiteboard, Lecture notes guide the students in textbooks,
logarithms. Explain the basic laws logarithm table, State the basic laws of the exercises. whiteboard,
2-3 of logarithms. multimedia projector, and logarithms. Lecture notes,
2.3 Solve simple logarithms
computer. Supervise the multimedia
problems. Find simple logarithms Solve simple logarithm students’ work. projector, and
2.4 Define natural problems problem. computer.
logarithms and common Correct any error in
logarithms. Define natural Define natural logarithm the students’
2.5 Define characteristics logarithms and and common logarithm. definitions and
and mantissa common logarithms. concepts.
Define characteristic and
2.6 Read the logarithmic
Explain characteristics mantissa Illustrate with
table for given numbers and mantissa. examples.
2.7 Simplify numerical Read the logarithmic table
expressions using Demonstrates the use of for given numbers
logarithms tables the logarithm table
2.8 Apply logarithm in Simplify numerical
Explains the use of the expressions using
solving non-linear
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 equations. logarithm table in logarithms tables
2.9 Define surds simplifying numerical
2.10 Reduce a surd into its expressions. Apply logarithms in solving
non-linear equations.
simplest form
Defines surds.
2.11 Solve simple problems Define surds
on surds Demonstrates the
reduction of surds into Reduce a surd into its
its simplest form. simplest form

Solve simple problems Solve simple problems on

on surds. surds
GENERAL OBJECTIVE 3.0: Understand Principles Underlying The Construction Of Charts And Graphs
3.1 Construct graphs of Describe how to Recommended textbooks, Construct graphs of Supervise the students’ Recommended
functions such as construct graphs of whiteboard, graph book, functions such as work. textbooks,
functions such as, Lecture notes, multimedia whiteboard,
y = ax n + b for n=1,2.
4
y = ax n + b for n = 1, projector, and computer. Apply knowledge from 3.1 Correct any error in the Lecture notes,
in the determination of laws students’ definitions and multimedia
y = ax k
2. from experimental data. concepts projector, and
3.2 Apply knowledge from y = ax k computer.
3.1 in the determination
Demonstrate with
of laws from relevant examples how
experimental data. to determine laws from
experimental data.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE 4.0: Know The Different Methods of Solving Quadratic Equations.
4.1 Solve quadratic Explain how to solve Recommended textbooks, Solve quadratic equations Supervise the students’ Recommended
equations by quadratic equations whiteboard, graph book, by factorization. work. textbooks,
5 factorization. using factorization Lecture notes, multimedia whiteboard,
method. projector, and computer. Solve quadratic equations Correct any error in the Lecture notes,
4.2 Solve quadratic
by method of completing students’ definitions and multimedia
equations by method of Explain how to solve squares. concepts projector, and
completing squares. quadratic equations by computer.
4.3 Solve quadratic method of completing Solve quadratic equations
equations by general and by general formula. by general formula.
formula.
4.4 Determine the roots of Demonstrate Form quadratic equations
formulation of from given roots.
given quadratic quadratic equations
equations. from given roots.
4.5 Form quadratic
equations from given

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 roots.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE 5.0: Understand Permutations And Combinations.

5.1 Define permutation. Define permutation. Recommended textbooks, Define permutation. Correct any error in the Recommended
5.2 State examples of whiteboard, graph sheets, students’ definitions and textbooks,
permutations. Illustrate permutation Lecture notes, multimedia State examples of concepts. whiteboard,
6 with examples. projector, and computer. permutations. Lecture notes,
5.3 Establish the theorem
Illustrate with examples. multimedia
n!
n
Pr = Establish the theorem Establish the theorem projector, and
( n − r )! n
Pr =
n! n
Pr =
n! Observe, instruct and computer.
5.4 Define combination ( n − r )! ( n − r )! guide the students in the
exercises.
5.5 State examples of Define combination.
combination. Give the definition of Supervise the students’
5.6 Establish the theorem combination State examples of work.
n! combination.
n
Cr = Illustrate the idea of
( n − r ) !r ! combination with Establish the theorem
examples. n!
5.7 Establish
n
Cr = nCn−r n
Cr =
Establish the theorem ( n − r ) !r !
n
Cr =
n!
Establish
n
Cr = nCn−r
( n − r ) !r !
Show that
n
Cr = nCn−r
GENERAL OBJECTIVE 6.0: Understand Set Theory
6.1 Define sets, subsets, and Define of sets, subsets, Recommended textbooks, Define sets, subsets, and Correct any error in the Recommended
null sets null sets, union, inter- whiteboard, graph book, null sets students’ definitions and textbooks,
7 6.2 Define union, section and complement Lecture notes, multimedia concepts. whiteboard,
of sets. projector, and computer. Define union, intersection Lecture notes,
intersection and
and completion of sets. Illustrate with examples. multimedia
complement of sets. Demonstrate projector, and
6.3 Draw Venn diagrams to representation of sets Draw Venn diagrams to Observe, instruct and computer.

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 demonstrate the concepts using Venn diagrams. demonstrate the concepts in guide the students in the
in 6.2 above. 6.2 above. exercises.
6.4 Calculate the size or
Calculate the size or number Supervise the students’
number of elements in a
of elements in a given set. work.
given set.
6.5 Solve word problems on Solve word problems on set.
set.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE 7.0: Understand The Properties of Arithmetic And Geometric Progression.
7.1 Define arithmetic Define arithmetic Recommended textbooks, Define arithmetic Correct any error in the Recommended
8-9 progressions (A.P) progressions (A.P) whiteboard, graph sheets, progressions (A.P) students’ definitions and textbooks,
7.2 Obtain the formula for Lecture notes, multimedia concepts. whiteboard,
Obtain the formula for projector, and computer. Obtain the formula for nth Lecture notes,
nth term and the first n
nth term and the first n term and the first n terms of Illustrate with examples. multimedia
terms of an A.P terms of an A.P an A.P projector, and
7.3 Solve problems on A.P Observe, instruct and computer.
7.4 Define a geometric Describe how to solve Solve problems on A.P guide the students in the
progression (G.P) problems on A.P exercises.
7.5 Obtain the formula for Define a geometric
Define a geometric progression (G.P) Supervise the students’
the nth term and the first
progression (G.P) work.
n terms of a geometric
Obtain the formula for the
progression. Explain how to obtain nth term and the first n
7.6 State examples of 7.5 the formula for the nth terms of a geometric
above. term and the first n progression.
7.7 Define Arithmetic Mean terms of a geometric • Define Arithmetic
(A.M) and Geometric progression. Mean (A.M) and
Mean (G.M) Geometric Mean
Define Arithmetic
7.8 Define convergence of (G.M.)
Mean (A.M) and
series. Geometric Mean (G.M) • Define convergence of
7.9 Define divergence of series.
series. Define convergence of • Define divergence of
series. series.

Define divergence of
series
GENERAL OBJECTIVE 8.0: Understand The Binomial Theorem And Its Application In The Expansion Of Expressions.

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 8.1 Explain the method of Explain the method of Recommended textbooks, Explain the method of Correct any error in the Recommended
mathematical induction. mathematical induction. whiteboard, Lecture mathematical induction. students’ definitions and textbooks,
8.2 State and prove the notes, multimedia concepts. whiteboard,
State and prove the projector, and computer. State and prove the binomial Lecture notes,
binomial theorem for a
binomial theorem for a theorem for a positive Illustrate with examples. multimedia
positive integral index. positive integral index. integral index. projector, and
10-11 8.3 Expand expressions of Observe, instruct and computer.
( x + y) Show the expansion of Expand expressions of the guide the students in the
2
the forms , expressions of the
( x + y ) , ( x  1) exercises.
2 5
forms ,
( x  1) forms
5
, applying
( x + y ) , ( x  1) etcand applying binominal Supervise the students’
2 5
, theorem. work.
binominal theorem.
8.4 Find the coefficient of a etc and applying
binominal theorem. Find the coefficient of a
particular term in the
particular term in the
expansion of simple Find the coefficient of a expansion of simple
binomial expressions. particular term in the binomial expressions.
8.5 Find the middle terms in expansion of simple
the expansion of binomial expressions. Find the middle terms in the
binomial expression. expansion of binomial
8.6 State the binomial Show how to find the expression.
middle terms in the
theorem for a rational
expansion of binomial State the binomial theorem
index. expression. for a rational index.
8.7 Expand expressions of
(1 + x )
−1 State the binomial
the form: ,
theorem for a rational Expand expressions of the
(1  x ) , (1  x ) (1 + x ) , (1  x )
1 − 13 index. −1 1
2
2
,
form:
(1  x )
applying binomial Demonstrate the − 13

theorem expansion of applying binomial

8.8 Expand and approximate expressions of the form: theorem
(1 + x ) , (1  x ) ,
−1 1
2
expressions of the type
Expand and approximate
(1.001) , ( 0.998) , (1  x ) applying
n n − 1
3
expressions of the type
(1.001) , ( 0.998) , (1 + x ) ,
n n 1

(1 + x ) , (1  x )
1 1 2
2 3
to binomial theorem.

(1  x ) to a stated degree
1
3
a stated degree of Guide the student to
accuracy expand and of accuracy
approximate
expressions of the type
(1.001) , ( 0.998)
n n
,
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 (1 + x ) , (1  x )
1 1
2 3
to
a stated degree of
accuracy

GENERAL OBJECTIVE 9.0: Understand The Basic Concepts And Manipulation Of Vectors And Their Applications To The Solutions of
Engineering Problems.
9.1 State the definitions and State the definitions and Recommended textbooks, State the definitions and Correct any error in the Recommended
representations of representations of whiteboard, Lecture representations of vectors. students’ definitions and textbooks,
vectors. vectors. notes, multimedia work. whiteboard,
projector, and computer. Identify quantities that may Lecture notes,
9.2 Identify vector
Define a position be classified as vector. Illustrate with examples. multimedia
quantities. vector. projector, and
9.3 Define a position vector. Define a position vector and Observe, instruct and computer.
9.4 Define unit vector Define unit vector a unit vector guide the students in the
9.5 Explain scalar multiple exercises.
12-13 of a vector Explain scalar multiple Explain scalar multiple of a
9.6 List the characteristics of a vector. vector Supervise the students’
work.
of parallel vectors
List the characteristics List the characteristics of
9.7 Compute the modulus of of parallel vectors parallel vectors
any given vector up to 2
and 3 dimensions.
9.8 State the parallelogram Demonstrate Compute the modulus of
law for addition and computation of the any given vector up to 2 and
modulus of any given 3 dimensions.
subtraction of vectors
vector up to 2 and 3
9.9 Apply the parallelogram dimensions. State the parallelogram law
law in solving problems. for addition and subtraction
9.10 Explain the concept of State the parallelogram of vectors, and apply it to
components of a vector law for addition and solve problems.
and the meaning of subtraction of vectors
orthogonal components. Explain the concept of
Apply the components of a vector and
9.11 Resolve a vector into
parallelogram law in the meaning of orthogonal
its orthogonal solving problems. Components.
components.
9.12 List characteristics of Explain the concept of Resolve a vector into its
coplanar localized components of a vector orthogonal components.
vectors. and the meaning of
orthogonal components. List characteristics of
9.13 Define the resultant or
coplanar localized vectors.
composition of
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 coplanar vectors. Resolve a vector into its
9.14 Compute the resultant orthogonal components. Define the resultant or
of coplanar forces composition of coplanar
List characteristics of vectors and compute the
acting at a point using
coplanar localized resultant of coplanar forces
algebraic and graphical vectors. acting at a point using
methods. algebraic and graphical
9.15 Apply the techniques Define the resultant or methods.
of resolution and composition of coplanar
resultant to the solution vectors. Apply the techniques of
of problems involving resolution and resultant to
Compute the resultant the solution of problems
coplanar forces.
of coplanar forces involving coplanar forces.
9.16 Apply vector acting at a point using
techniques in solving algebraic and graphical Apply vector techniques in
problems involving methods. solving problems involving
relative velocity. relative velocity.
9.17 State the scalar product Apply the techniques of
resolution and resultant State and compute the scalar
of two vectors.
to the solution of product of two vectors.
9.18 Compute the scalar problems involving
product of given coplanar forces. Define the cross product of
vectors. the vector product or two
9.19 Define the cross Apply vector vectors.
product of the vector techniques in solving
product or two vectors. problems involving Calculate the direction
relative velocity. ratios of given vectors and
9.20 Calculate the direction
the angle between two
ratios of given vectors. State the scalar product vectors using the scalar
9.21 Calculate the angle of two vectors. product
between two vectors
using the scalar Compute the scalar
product. product of given
vectors.

Define the cross

product of the vector
product or two vectors.

Calculate the direction

ratios of given vectors.

Calculate the angle

between two vectors
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 using the scalar
product.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE 10.0 Know The Concept To Solve Linear Simultaneous Equation With Two Unknown Variables
10.1 Explain the concept of Explain the concept of Recommended textbooks, Explain the concept of Correct any error in the Recommended
equation. equation. whiteboard, graph sheets, equation. students’ definitions and textbooks,
10.2 List different types of Lecture notes, multimedia work. whiteboard,
List different types of projector, and computer. List different types of Lecture notes,
equations; linear,
equations; linear, equations; linear, quadratic, Illustrate with examples. multimedia
14 quadratic, cubic, etc. quadratic, cubic, etc. cubic, etc. projector, and
10.3 State examples of linear Observe, instruct and computer.
simultaneous equations Give examples of linear Give examples of linear guide the students in the
in two unknowns and simultaneous equations simultaneous equations in exercises.
simultaneous equations in two unknowns and two unknowns and
simultaneous equations simultaneous equations with Supervise the students’
with at least one
with at least one at least one quadratic work.
quadratic equation.
quadratic equation. equation.
10.4 Apply algebraic and
graphical methods in Apply algebraic and Apply algebraic and
solving two graphical methods in graphical methods in
simultaneous equations solving two solving two simultaneous
involving a linear simultaneous equations equations involving a linear
involving a linear equation and a quadratic
equation and a
equation and a equation.
quadratic equation. quadratic equation.
10.5 Define a determinant of Define a determinant of nth
nth order. Define a determinant of order.
10.6 Apply determinants of nth order.
order 2 and 3 in solving Apply determinants of order
simultaneous linear Apply determinants of 2 and 3 in solving
equation. order 2 and 3 in solving simultaneous linear
simultaneous linear equation.
equation.

101
GENERAL OBJECTIVE 11.0 Understand The Concept Of Trigonometric Functions And Apply Them In Solving Problems.
11.1 Define the basic Define the basic Recommended textbooks, Define the basic Correct any error in the Recommended
trigonometric ratios, trigonometric ratios. whiteboard, graph sheets, trigonometric ratios. students’ definitions and textbooks,
sine, cosine and tangent Lecture notes, multimedia work. whiteboard,
Derive the reciprocal of projector, and computer. Derive the reciprocal of Lecture notes,
of an angle.
15 basic trigonometric basic trigonometric ratios. Illustrate with examples. multimedia
11.2 Derive the other ratios. projector, and
trigonometric ratios; Derive special identities Observe, instruct and computer.
cosecant, secant and Derive special identities involving the trigonometric guide the students in the
cotangent using the basic involving the ratios. exercises.
trigonometric ratios in trigonometric ratios.
11.1 above. Define the basic Supervise the students’
Derive compound angle trigonometric ratios. work.
11.3 Derive identities
formulae for sine,
involving the cosine and tangent. Derive the reciprocal of
trigonometric ratios; basic trigonometric ratios.
Cos2 θ+Sin 2 θ = 1,
Sec2 θ = 1 + tan 2 θ, etc. Derive special identities
11.4 Derive compound angle involving the trigonometric
formulae for sin (A+B), ratios.
Cos (A+B) and Tan
(A+B). Derive compound angle
formulae for sine, cosine
and tangent.

Assessment:

Type of Assessment Purpose and Nature of Assessment Weighting (%)

Examination Final examination (written) to assess knowledge and 60
understanding
Test At least Two (2) progress tests for feedback. 20
Practical At least Five (5) works to be assessed by the teacher 20
Total 100

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