SECTION A .
(40 MARKS)
1.Describe how a mixture of sodium carbonate and Lead (II) carbonate can be separated. (3marks)
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2. (a).In an experiment to study diffusion of gases, the following set up was used.
i) State and explain observations made in the experiment. (2marks)
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ii) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs in the experiment. (1mark)
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(b). 20.A gas at 270C and 750mmHg pressure was found to occupy 36cm 3. Calculate the temperature at which the same mass of gas
will occupy twice the volume at a pressure of 100mmHg pressure. (3marks)
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3. Dry chlorine gas was passed through two pieces of coloured cotton cloth as shown.
a) State what is observed in each experiment.
Experiment 1 (2mark)
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Experiment 2
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b) Explain your observation using an equation. (1mark)
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c) You are provided with two gas jars full of gas X and gas Y respectively, water in a trough. With help of a diagram describe
how the two which are suspected to be chlorine and Oxygen gas can be differentiated. (2mks)
4. Oxygen is prepared by using hydrogen peroxide and manganese (IV) oxide.
(a) Write an equation to show how oxygen is produced. (1mark)
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(b) Explain why warm water is preferred for use to cold water in collecting oxygen gas. (1mark)
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(c) Explain why it is important not to collect any gas for the first few seconds of the experiment. (1mark)
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5. In an experiment, a small amount of charcoal was added into a test tube and 5cm 3 of concentrated nitric (v) acid added, then
warmed.
(i) State the observation that was made. (1mark)
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(ii) Explain the observation made in (i) above. (2mark)
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(iii) Write an equation for the reaction that took place. (1mark)
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6. Calculate the percentage abundance of two other isotopes of element A with three isotopes, (30, 32, 35). Given that the R.A.M is
30.5 and percentage abundance of 35 is 5%. (2 marks)
7. (a).Which type of Sulphur is formed under the following conditions?
Conditions Type of Sulphur
(i) Above 960
( ½ mark)
(ii) Pouring boiling Sulphur into cold water
( ½ mark)
(iii) Rapidly cooling Sulphur vapour
( ½ mark)
(iv) Mixing sodium thiosulphate with dilute
hydrochloric acid
( ½ mark)
(b).6 dm3 of Sulphur (IV) oxide were oxidized by oxygen to form Sulphur (VI) oxide.
(i).Write an equation for the reaction .
(1mk)
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(ii).Calculate the number of moles of Sulphur (IV) oxide and oxygen used at r.t.p .
(1mk)
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(iii).Determine the volume of oxygen gas used .(Molar gas volume=24 dm3)
(2mks)
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8. The apparatus below was set up to show the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
a) State and explain two observations made in the above experiment. (2marks)
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b) Write the equation for the reaction that took place during oxidation of ammonia. (1mark)
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c) Write the formula of the complex ion formed when excess ammonia gas is passed through a solution containing Zn 2+.(1mark)
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9. Blue litmus paper was added to the following Solutions .State the final colour of the blue litmus paper in the following solutions.
(3marks)
Mixture Final colour of the litmus paper
Lemon juice + water
sodium carbonate + water
Phosphorus(V) chloride + water
10.Give two differences between neutralization and esterification. (2mks)
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11. State Gay Lussac’s law.
(1mk)
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SECTION B (40 MARKS)
12.The grid below is part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual
symbol of the element.
A M
B C F G J L
D E H K
a) Explain why the name given to the group of element in which M and L belong is called noble gases? (1 mark)
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b) Element Y has the electronic structure 2, 8, 8, 4; on the grid above, indicate the position of element Y. (1 mark)
c) Write an equation to show the effect of heat on the nitrate of B. (1 mark)
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d) When 300cm³ of chlorine gas was completely reacted with element C, 1.1875g of the product was formed. Determine the
relative atomic mass of element C. (Cl = 35.5, M.G.V = 24000cm³). (2 marks)
e) Using dot (.) and crosses (x) to represent electron, show bonding in the compound formed between C and J. (2 marks)
f) How does the melting points of elements D and E compare? (1 mark)
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13. a) Name the following compounds
O
(i) CH3CH2CH2C (1mk)
OH
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(ii) CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 (1mk)
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(b) Name any two components of crude oil found in laboratory gas. (1mk)
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(c) What is the difference between thermal cracking and catalytic cracking?
(1mk)
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(d)Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow:-
Sugar Polymer D
Process W
Crude ethanol
Process X
KMnO4 Conc. H2SO4 Substance A
Ethanoic acid Pure ethanol
H+ 1800C
Sodium hydroxide Hydrogen gas
Substance C Substance B
+ Water
(i) Identify process W and X
(1mk)
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(ii) Name substances B and C.
(1mk)
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(iii) Write the equation for the reaction leading to production of substance A.
(1mk)
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(iv) Substance B was completely burned in air. Write the equation for the reaction.
(1mk)
(v) State and explain the observation made when bromine is added to a gas jar full of substance B in the presence of sunlight.
(2mks)
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(vi) The polymer D has a relative molecular mass of 112, 000. Calculate the number of monomers. (c = 12, H = 11)
(2mks)
14 (a)State two factors that should be considered when choosing fuel for cooking. (2mks)
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(b) Define molar heat of combustion. (1mk)
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(c) The diagram below represents a set – up that was used to determine the molar heat of combustion of ethanol
During the experiment, the data given below was recorded
Volume of water 450cm3
Initial temperature of water 250 C
Final temperature of water 46.50C
Mass of ethanol + Lamp before burning 125.5g
Mass of ethanol + lamp after burning 124.0g
Calculate the:
(i) Heat evolved during the experiment (density of water = 1g/cm3
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1K-1 ) (3mks)
(ii) Molar heat of combustion of ethanol (C = 12.0, O = 16.0, H=1.0) (2mks)
(iii).Write the thermal chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol. (1mk)
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c).Use the following bond energies to answer the questions that follow.
Bond Bond energy kJ/mole
C-H 413
Cl-Cl 239
C-Cl 346
H-Cl 428
ii). Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine and methane to give chloromethane. (1mk)
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iii).Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction leading to formation of chloromethane from chlorine and methane. (3mks)
15. a) What is meant by the term solubility. (1mk)
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b) The solubilites in grams of sodium nitrate in 100g of water are given for various temperatures in oC.
Temperatures oC 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 90 100
Solubilityg/100g 73 80 88 96 104 114 124 148 162 180
of water
i) Draw on graph paper the solubility curve for sodium nitrate. (3mks
ii) From the graph evaluate the solubility at 70oC. (1mk)
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iii) 100g of a solution of sodium nitrate is in the saturated condition at 10oC. How many grams of the salt would have to be added to
make the solution just saturated at 80oC. (2mks)
Name………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... Class…………….
Adm. No………………………. Date ………………
Candidate’s Signature…………
CHEMISTRY THEORY PAPER
Time: 2 Hours
FORM 4 MID OF TERM ONE EXAMINATION– 2025
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
2. Sign and write the date of the examination in space provided.
3.Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
4.All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
5.Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
6.This paper consists of 16 printed pages. Candidates should confirm this.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1-11 40
12 10
13 12
14 11
15 7
TOTAL SCORE 80
