Motion 1

CHAPTER

M
Motion 8
EXA
LL
DRI ANSWERS

1. Speed is a scalar quantity, and velocity and acceleration time taken = 11.40 – 11.25 = 15 min
are vector quantity. 15
=h = 0.25 h
2. The given graph shows non-uniform retardation first and 60
then non-uniform acceleration. distance 4 km
speed = = = 16 km/h
3(i) A is travelling slowest. time 0.25 h
3(ii) All three objects do not cover equal distance. 5. (c) : When velocity time graph is parallel to time axis, i.e.,
velocity = constant, so, acceleration of body is zero.
3(iii) As is clear from the figure, B passes A at D. At this time,
C is at E, which corresponds to 7 km. Hence when B crosses A, OR
then C is at 7 km from the origin. (d) : When acceleration is uniform, velocity time graph is a
straight line at an angle as shown in option. (d).
3(iv) C passes A at a distance of 11 km.
4. 6. (d) : As, s ∝ u2. If the speed is two times so distance will
be four times, s = 4 × 6 = 24 m.
7. (d) : There is uniform acceleration from rest, so
Distance (km)

v = 2as = 2(9.8 m/s2 )(34 m)  26 m/s

8. (a) : The distance-time graph is a straight line when the
body is in uniform motion.
OR
(c) : The displacement is equal to the diameter of the circle.
Time (h)
9. (d) : We know that magnitude of displacement is less
4(i) Figure represents the distance-time graph of the car. Time than or equals to the distance.
is taken along X-axis and distance is taken along Y-axis.
So, the numerical ratio of displacement to distance covered by
4(ii) As the slope of distance-time graph represents speed, a moving object is less than 0 are equals to 1.
therefore, the line with maximum slope will represent
10. (a) : For the stone thrown upwards,
maximum speed. As is clear from figure. Line CD represents
maximum speed between 10.40 am to 10.50 am. u1 = u1, v1 = 0, s1 = h1, a1 = –g
2 2
4(iii) (b) : Total distance travelled from 10.05 am to v1 – u1 = 2a1s1
2 2
11.40 am, s = 42 km. Total time taken, ⇒ (0) – u1 = 2(–g)h1
t = 11.40 – 10.05 = 1 h 35 m u12
95 ⇒ h1 =
= h 2g
60
Similarly for the second stone,
total distance
Average speed, v av = u22 h1 u12
total time h2 = ∴ =
42 km 2g h2 u12
= = 26.5 km/h
95 / 60 h 11. (c) : A body moves with a constant speed along a circular
4(iv) (a) : Between 11.25 am and 11.40 am, path, then its direction of motion keeps changing continuously.
distance travelled = 42 – 38 = 4 km The centripetal force always acts towards the centres.
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135 Total distance travelled

12. (a) : Here, diameter = 135 m, radius (r ) = 16. (a) Average speed =
2 Total time taken
Time taken, t = 5 × 60 = 300 s 40 m
= = 0.8 m/s
2π r 22 135 50 s
Speed v = = 2× × = 1.41 m/s Displacement 0
t 7 2 × 300 (b) Average velocity = = =0
Time taken 50 s
OR
(a) : When the particle goes from A to D, over 17. The importance of graphical study of the uniform motion
A
three quarters of the circle, of an object in one dimension are following :
r
Displacement = AD B D (i) The position-time graph of the uniform motion lies in the
r
fact that its slope gives velocity of the object.
where AD = r 2 + r 2 = r 2 C (ii) Velocity-time graph of uniform motion helps us to
13. (a) : When a body going vertically upwards reaches at measure the displacement by an object in a given time as the
the highest point, then it is momentarily at rest and it then area enclosed by velocity-time graph with time axis.
reverses its direction. At the highest point of motion, its (iii) In be graph for the given internal of time, the positive
velocity is zero but its acceleration is equal to acceleration due area below time axis give negative displacement.
to gravity.
(iv) The slope of velocity-time graph gives the acceleration of
14. (d) : Speed is the magnitude of velocity, it cannot be zero the object.
if velocity is non-zero. As, displacement of the particle can be
18. Let the object be moving with initial velocity u m s–1 and
zero but distance travelled cannot be zero.
uniform acceleration a m s–2.
15. (a) Acceleration of a body is defined as the rate of \ The distance travelled by the moving object in t s is,
change of its velocity with time 1
Change in velocity s = ut + at2
i.e., Acceleration = 2
Time taken Now, distance travelled in 4 s,
Final velocity − Initial velocity 1
Acceleration = s4 = u × 4 + a × 42 = 4u + 8a
Time taken 2
Suppose the initial velocity of a body is u and it changes to a Distance travelled in 5 s,
final velocity v in time t, then : 1 25
v−u s5 = u × 5 + a × 52 = 5u + a
a= 2 2
t \ Distance travelled in the interval between 4th and 5th
where a = acceleration of the body second
v = final velocity of the body  25   9 
u = initial velocity of the body =  5u + a − (4 u + 8 a) =  u + a m
 2   2 
t = time taken for the change in velocity OR
The S.I. unit of acceleration is meter per second square (m/s2). (a) Distance travelled by an object in a given time is equal
(b) A body has a uniform acceleration if it travels in a straight to the area which the velocity-time graph encloses with the
line and its velocity increase by equal amounts in equal intervals time axis for the given interval of time. Finding that area under
of time. In other words, a body has a uniform acceleration if velocity-time graph, travelled distance will be determined.
its velocity changes at a uniform rate. The motion of a freely (b) The slope of velocity-time graph represents acceleration.
falling body is an example of uniformly accelerated motion.
19. (a) The distance travelled by a body in a given interval
OR
of time is equal to total area enclosed by velocity-time graph,
Velocity-time graph is a straight line parallel to time axis, so,
without considering sign. It means, even if the body is moving
velocity of the cyclist is constant.
with negative velocity, the area of velocity-time graph is to be
(a) Acceleration = 0 taken positive for the measurement of distance travelled by the
(b) At, t = 15 s velocity = 20 m s–1 (from the given graph) body.
(c) Distance covered by the cyclist in 15 s (b) Displacement of a body in a given interval of time is equal
= Area under v-t graph during that time interval to total area enclosed by velocity-time graph, during the given
= 20 m s–1 × 15 s = 300 m. interval of time, which is to be added with proper sign.
Motion 3

Change in velocity
20. Acceleration =

Velocity
Time taken
Acceleration is a vector quantity. It be positive, negative or
zero.
Consider an object, moving with a uniform acceleration ‘a’
along a straight line OX with origin at O. Let the object reach
at points A and B at instants t1 and t2. Let x1 and x2 be the O
Time
displacements of the ojbect at time t1 and t2 respectively and (a) From the figure we can say that, the train has a uniform
u1 and u2 be the velocities of the object at position A and B velocity.
respectively, (b) As velocity is uniform the train has zero acceleration.
Change in velocity 22. The position-time graph of an object in a uniform motion
Acceleration of the object =
Time taken in one dimension is a straight line AB, inclined to time axis as
t=0 t = t1 t = t2
X
shown in figure. Here, the position coordinates of the object
O A B at the instants t = 0, t1 and t2 respectively are x0, x1, and x2.
x1 Let C and D be the two points on the position-time graph
x2 corresponding to instants t1 and t2. Draw CC1, CC2, DD1 and
DD2, perpendiculars on time axis and position axis, as shown
v2 − v1
\ a= ...(i) in figure.
t2 − t1 B
D2 D
or v2 – v1 = a (t2 – t1) or v2 = v1 + a(t2 – t1)...(ii) x2

Let the origin of time axis be taken at O and u be the velocity C2 C a

x1 E
of the object at A. v be the velocity of the object at B after A
time t. Then v1 = u ; t1 = 0; v2 =v and t2 = t. x0
C1 D1
Putting values in (ii), we get v = u + a t ...(iii) O t1 t2
The equation (iii) shows the required velocity-time relations for Then, t2 – t1= OD1 – OC1 = C1D1 = CE
body moving under constant acceleration. and x2 – x1 = OD2 – OC2 = C2D2 = ED
21. There are three equations of motion for uniformly x − x ED
\ Velocity of the object, v = 2 1 = = tan a = slope
accelerated bodies which are : t2 − t1 CE
of position-time graph.
(i) v = u + at Thus, velocity of an object in uniform motion is equal to
It gives the velocity acquired by a body in time t. the slope of position-time graph with time axis. Hence, the
1 importance of the position-time graph of uniform motion lies
(ii) s = ut + at 2 in the fact that its slope gives us velocity of the object.
2
This equation gives the distance travelled by a body in time t. 23. The motion of a freely falling body is an example of
2 2
(iii) v = u + as uniformly accelerated motion, as due to the gravitational pull
of the earth the body covers equal amount of velocity in equal
It gives the velocity acquired by a body in travelling a
intervals of time.
distance s.
Where, v = final velocity of the body 24. Circumference = 2p r
3 3
u = initial velocity of the body Circumference of circle = × 2πr
4 4
a = acceleration 3 22
t = time taken = × 2 × × 400 = 1885.71 m
4 7
s = distance travelled by the body. 25. We have, circumference of the cycle track = 2p r = 314 m
OR So, radius of the circular track
The velocity-time graph for part of a train journey is a horizontal Circumference 314 m
r= = = 50 m
straight line which is as shown in figure. 2π 2× π
4 100 percent | Science Class-9

(a) The distance moved by the cyclist is equal to the arc AB. (c) Acceleration of the body in time interval 15 to 25 s is the
The arc AB is half of the circumference. So, slope of the line BC
2 π r 314 − BB1 −4 −4
Distance along the arc AB = = m = 157 m = = = = – 0.4 m/s–2 .
2 2 CB1 (25 − 15) 10
So, distance moved by the cyclist = 157 m 26. An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position
(b) As per convention, the displacement of a body moving with time, with respect to its surroundings. A birds flying in air,
from north to south is considered negative. Therefore, a train moving on routs, a man walking on road are some of
Displacement of the cyclist = – AB = – Diameter of the circle the examples of motion.
= – 2r = – r × 50 m = – 100 m An object is said to be in uniform motion if it covers equal
(c) The velocity of cyclist moving along a circular track with a distances in equal intervals of time, howsoever big or small
velocity of constant magnitude changes due to change in the these time intervals may be.
direction of motion. For example, suppose a car covers 60 km in first hour, another
Average magnitude of velocity of the cyclist = 15.7 m/s 60 km in second hour, again 60 km in the third hour and
so on. The motion of the car is uniform. In this example,
(d) We know, acceleration of a body having uniform circular
the car travels a distance of 60 km in each hour. In the
v2 stricter sense, the car should travel 30 km in each half hour;
motion=
r 15 km in every 15 minutes; 10 km is every 10 minutes, 5 km is
(15.7 m/s)2
So, acceleration of the cyclist = m/s2 every 5 minutes and 1 km in every one minute.
50 m
An object is said to be in non-uniform motion, if it under goes
15.7 × 15.7
= = 4.93 m/s2 unequal distance in equal interval of time.
50
OR If a bus starting from one stop, it proceeds slowly when it
v (m s–1) passes crowded area of the road. Suppose it manages to travel
B merely 100 m in 5 minutes due to heavy traffic. When it gets
+4
out and the road is clear, it speeds up and is able to travel
A
+2 about 2 km in 5 minutes. We can say the motion of bus is
A1 B1 C D1 F non-uniform. i.e. it travels unequal distances in equal intervals
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 t(s)
of time. Example of non-uniform motion is, a speeding up or a
–2
D
slowing down vehicle.
OR
–4 E
(a) Distance-time graphs of two bodies A and B with uniform
(a) Distance travelled by body in time 5 to speed is as shown below :
(2 + 4) × 10 60
15 seconds = Area A1ABB1 = = 30 m A
2 50
Distance (m)

B
Distance travelled by body in time 15 to 40
30
4 × 10
25 seconds = Area BB1C = = 20 m 20
2
10
Distance travelled by body in time 25 to
5×2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (s)
30 seconds = Area CDD1 = =5m
2 The body A is moving faster than body B as the slope of
Distance travelled by body in time 30 to distance-time graph for body A is more than body B.
(2 + 4) × 10 (b) 120 km
40 seconds = Area D1DEF = = 30 m
2
\ Total distance travelled = 30 + 20 + 5 + 30 = 85 m. A 30 km B 90 km C
(b) Here, the area CDD1 and area D1DEF being below the Total distance travelled
time axis will show negative displacement. Total time taken (t) =
Average speed
Hence, total displacement between 5 to 40 seconds  120 km
= = 2h
 = 30 + 20 – 5 – 30 = 15       60 km/h
Motion 5

If t1 is the time required to cover the first 30 km, then (iii) For motion from D to E (DE)
30 km As DE is a straight-line with negative slope, the body has a
t1 = = 1h
30 km/h uniform retardation (negative acceleration).
So, time taken to cover the next 90 km = (2 h – 1 h) = 1 h (b) Acceleration in the last two hours (Body moves from D to E) :
Distance covered Here, u = 40 km/h
Then, speed for covering the next 90 km = v = 0 km/h
Time taken
90 km t=2h
= = 90 km/h
1h v−u
By using the expression, a = , we get
So, the train should travel at a speed of 90 km/h for the next t
90 km distance. 0 km/h − 40 km/h −40 km/h
= = = –20 km/h2
27. (a) The train is accelerating. As the horizontal velocity of 2h 2h
the coin will remain same as the velocity of the train when it Thus, the acceleration of the body for the last 2 hours is
was tossed from the passenger’s hand. The coin fall behind the –20 km/h2. The negative sign indicates that the body is under
passenger, so the velocity of the train is increasing with time retardation in the last 2 hours.
and thus train covers more distance than the coin. (c) Total distance travelled = Total area under the 
 velocity-time graph
(b) Given : initial velocity, u = 80 m/s
= Area ABDE
final velocity = v = 0
= Area of DABF + Area of rectangle BDGF + Area of DDGE
time , t = 8 s
Total distance travelled,
and mass, m = 50 g
1  1 
50 kg s =  × AF × BF  + ( BF × BD) +  × GE × DG
= = 0.05 kg 2  2 
1000
Acceleration = slope of the velocity time graph 1  1 
s =  × 2 h × 40 km/h + (40 km/h × 4 h) +  × 2 h × 40 km/h
2  2 
v − u 0 − 80
= = = – 10 m/s2 s = 40 km + 160 km + 40 km
t 8
Now, frictional force of the floor on the ball, Total distance travelled
(d) Average speed =
f= ma Total time taken
= 0.05 × 10 = 0.5 N 240 km 240 km
= =
(2 + 4 + 2) h 8h
28. (a) In the given figure, stone tied to the thread is in
circular motion. So, the average speed of the moving body is 30 km/h.
OR
(b) Yes, this is an example of accelerated motion. In this
t=0
given figure a stone moving on a circular path with a constant
speed i.e., it covers equal distance on the circumference of the t=2s
circle in equal interval of time, so the motion is uniform circular
motion. The direction of its velocity is changing with time, this
150 m
indicates the motion is accelerated motion.
(c) A force required to keep the stone move along a circular
path with uniform speed is called centripetal force.
(d) The direction of centripetal force is always along the t=0
radius and towards the centre of the circular path. t=2s
29. (a) Type of motion 100 m
(i) For motion from A to B (AB) g = 10 m s–2
        
As AB is a straight line with positive slope, so, the body has a
Initially, difference in heights of two objects
uniform acceleration.
= 150 m – 100 m = 50 m
(ii) For motion from B to D (BD)
Distance travelled by first object in 2 s,
As BD is a straight line parallel to X-axis (time axis), so it has
1 1
zero slope, and therefore, the body has zero acceleration, i.e., h = ut + at2 = 0 + × 10 × 2 × 2 = 20 m
it is moving with constant velocity. 2 2
6 100 percent | Science Class-9

Distance travelled by the second object in 2 s, (15 − 5) 5 2

1 1
= = m/s = 1.66 m/s2
h′ = ut + at2 = 0 + × 10 × 2 × 2 = 20 m 6.0 3
2 2 = (15 m/s – 5 m/s)/(6.0 s) = 5/3 m/s2
Height of first object from ground at t = 2 s (c) v12 = v02 + 2a(x1 – x0) = (5 m/s)2
= 150 m – 20 m = 130 m 5
Height of second object from ground at t = 2 s i.e., 0 + 2 ( m/s2) (x1 – x0) = 25 m2/s2 (Q v0 = 0)
3
= 100 m – 20 m = 80 m 10
or ( m/s2)(x1 – x0) = 25 m2/s2
\ Difference in height after t = 2 s 3
or (x1 – x0) = 7.5 m.
= 130 m – 80 m = 50 m.
Total distance = 7.5 + 60 = 67.5 m
Difference in heights does not vary with time as long as both
Let’s check all of this. First we find the time for the object
the objects are in motion. However, when second object
to acquire a velocity v1 = 5.0 m/s with an acceleration of
reaches the ground and the first one is still in motion, then it
5
decreases. m/s2 starting from an initial velocity of zero.
3
v = v0 + at
x (v + v1)2
30. (a) The average velocity = = 5 
t 2 or 5.0 m/s = 0 +  m/s2  t or t = 3 s.
3 
where v = 15 m/s and v1 is the initial speed.
At t = (6 + 3)s, = 9 s
x 60 m (15 m/s + v1) 1
The average speed = = = We have S = ut + at 2
t 6s 2 2
(15 m/s + v1) 1 5 
or 10 m/s = i.e., S = 0 +  × m/s2  × (9)2 = 67.5 m = 60 m + 7.5 m,
2 2 3 
or 20 m/s = 15 m/s + v1 where 60 m is the distance given in the statement of the
So, v1 = 5 m/s. problem for the object to go from 5 m/s to 15 m/s and
(v − v1) 7.5 m is the distance moved from the point where the object
(b) The acceleration a =
( t − t1) was at rest where it was travelling with 5 m/s.
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