Passive voice

(Câu bị động)
I. Khái niệm
Câu bị động được dùng khi ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động trong câu, tác nhân gây
ra hành động dù là ai hay vật gì cũng không quá quan trọng.
Ví dụ:
 They planted the tree in the garden.
-> A tree was planted in the garden
Công thức tổng quát
Subject Verb Object

Subject + Verb (be+Vp2) by Object

II. Cách sử dụng
 Khi không biết người gây ra hành động là ai.
 Khi không muốn nhắc đến người gây ra hành động.
 Khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hiện tượng bị tác động.
III. Lưu ý
 Khi chủ ngữ ở câu chủ động là: people/someone/no one, chúng ta bắt buộc
bỏ by O ở câu bị động
 Có thể bỏ: by me/you/us/her/him/them.
 By O đứng trước trạng từ thời gian
-> By O + Adv of time
 By O đứng sau trạng từ nơi chốn
-> Adv of place + by O
Ví dụ
 My brother planted a tree yesterday.
-> A tree was planted by my brother yesterday.
 He bought his car in Hanoi.
-> His car is bought in Hanoi by him.
IV. Tổng hợp công thức của câu bị động với các thì trong tiếng Anh
Các thì Chủ động Bị động

1. Hiện tại đơn S + V(s/es) + O S+ is/am/are + V3 + (by + O)

S + is/am/are + being + V3+ (by +
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + is/am/are + V-ing+ O
O)
S + have/ has + been + V3 + (by +
3. Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/ has + V3 + O
O)
4. Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed/2 + O S + was/were + V3 + (by + O)
S + was/were +being + V3 + (by +
5. Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O
O)
6. Quá khứ
S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + (by O)
hoàn thành
 7. Tương lai đơn S + will + V-inf + O S + will + be + V3 + (by O)
8. Modal verb S+ modal verb + V-inf S+ modal verb + be +V3
V. Một số dạng đặc biệt của câu bị động
1. Dạng bị động của câu mệnh lệnh
*Dạng 1
V + O!
 => Let + O + be + V3

Eg: Turn down the radio!

(Dịch: Vặn nhỏ đài đi!)
➤ Let the radio be turned off!
*Dạng 2

It’s one’s duty to + V-inf

S + tobe + supposed to+V-inf

Eg: It's your duty hang the clothes every day.

(Dịch: Phơi quần áo mỗi ngày là nhiệm vụ của con.)
➤ You’re supposed to hang the clothes every day.
*Dạng 3

It’s necessary to + V-inf

S + should/ must + be + V3

Eg: It's necessary to protect the wild animal.

(Dịch: Bảo vệ động vật hoang dã là quan trọng.)
➤ The wild animal should be protected.
2. Dạng bị động của câu sai khiến (nhờ ai
đó làm gì)

S + have/had + somebody + V
S + have/had + something + V3 + by O

S + get/got + somebody + to-V

S + get/got + something + V3

Eg: I have my older brother fix my computer.

(Dịch: Tôi nhờ anh trai sửa máy tính của tôi.)
➤ I have my computer fixed by my older brother.
My mother got me to sweep the floor.
(Dịch: Mẹ tôi nhờ tôi quét sàn nhà.)
➤ My mother got the floor swept by me.
3. Câu bị động kép
*Dạng 1: Động từ chính (V1) ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn và hiện tại hoàn
 thành
Cách 1:
S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O
It is + V13 + that + S2 + V2 + O

Eg: People believe that the government should do something to help the poor.
(Dịch: Mọi người tin rằng chính phủ cần phải làm gì đó để giúp đỡ người nghèo.)
➤ It is believed that the government should do something to help the poor.
Cách 2:

S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O
S2 + am/is/are + V13 + to + V2-inf + O (Cách 1)
S2 + am/is/are + V13 + to have V3+ O (Cách 2)

Eg: Someone says that the little boy will become a talented footballer in the future.
(Dịch: Ai đó nói rằng cậu bé sẽ trở thành một cầu thủ bóng đá tài năng trong tương lai.)
➤ The little boy is said to become a talented footballer in the future.
*LƯU Ý:
- Dùng cách 1 khi V2 là ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc tương lai đơn
- Dùng cách 2 khi V2 là quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành
*Dạng 2: Khi động từ chính (V1) ở thì quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, quá khứ hoàn
thành
Cách 1:
S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O
It was + V13 + that + S2 + V2 +
O.

Eg: People told that someone has stolen the painting.

(Dịch: Mọi người nói rằng ai đó đã đánh cắp bức tranh.)
➤ It was told that someone has stolen the painting.
Cách 2:

S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O
S2 + was/were + V13 + to + V2-inf + O (Cách 1)
S2 + was/were + V13 + to have V23 + O (Cách 2)
*LƯU Ý:
- Dùng cách 1 khi V2 là ở thì quá khứ đơn.
- Dùng cách 2 khi V2 là quá khứ hoàn thành
Eg: People in the town said that the President had visited their town silently.
(Dịch: Người dân trong thị trấn nói rằng Tổng thống đã âm thầm đến thăm thị trấn của
họ.)
➤ The President was said to have visited their town silently.

VI. Bài tập

EXERCISE 4. Circle the best answer.
1. My room _____ in the house by her now. 8. My house ______ red and blue.
A. is being cleaned A. are painted
B. are being cleaned B. is painted
C. will be cleaned C. was painted
D. would be cleaned D. All are wrong.
2. Tom _____ by Mary since 10 o'clock. 9. The grain _____ to the factory, where it
A. has operated ___and ___.
B. have been operated A. are taken / cleaned / is checked
C. has been operated B. is taken / is cleaned / is checked
D. All are wrong. C. was taken / was cleaned / was checked
3. Someone ____ to take his place. D. is taken / is cleaned / checked
A. must be find 10. Jag Niwas ___ by Prince Maharana Jagat
B. might be find Singh II.
C. should be finds A. were built
D. must be found B. are built
4. 20 demonstrators _____________by the C. was built
police. D. is built
A. was arrested 11. The wall ___ before you paint it.
B. were arrested A. must be cleaned
C. was arresting B. should cleaned
D. A & B C. might been cleaned
5. That book __________by Tom yesterday. D. No answer is right
A. were bought 12. The Garden of Clear Ripples ____ by
B. bought The Qing Emperor Quinlong in the middle
C. A & B of the 16th century.
D. was bought A. designed
6. Much of the city ______ by fire in the B. was designed
17th century. C. were designed
A. was destroyed D. B & C
B. is destroyed 13. This computer ______to use
C. are destroyed A. will be continued
D. were destroyed B. would continued
7. Work ________by the teacher. C. should continue
A. are being watched D. must continues
B. was being watched 14. A lot of food _____these days.
C. is being watched A. are thrown
D. B & C B. were thrown
C. is thrown
D. was thrown
Ex 2: Chia dạng đúng ở thể bị động
1. A bottle was _______________ (throw) outsides last night by him.
2. This fan has already _________________ (fix) by my father.
3. Now, a test _______________ (do) by him to prepare for his exam.
4. Finally, the key _____________________ (find).
5. They were very worried that the work would not ________________(finish).
6. A guitar was ________________ (throw) outsides last night by his father.
7. This bicycle has already _______________ (fix) by my brother.
8. Now, a mini test ______________ (do) by me to prepare for my writing contest.
9. Finally, the old ship __________________ (find).
10. We were very unhappy that the project would not ________________(finish).
11. When she heard that her dog (KILL) _______________ , she burst into tears.
12. We hope that the missing money (FIND) __________________ soon.
13. A new bridge (BUILD) _________________ at the moment.
14. The President (GIVE) _________________ a speech next Monday.
15. Shakespeare (WRITE) _________ many other plays apart from Hamlet.
16. A million people (VISIT) ________________ the cathedral every year.
17. John Higgins (AWARD) _________ __________ a science prize last month.
18. The old castle IS LOCATED (LOCATE) __________ in the forest, not far from the
river. I'm sure you will find it
19. The driver (GO) _______________ too fast when suddenly the child appeared.
20. Bath (FOUND) __________________ in the first century A.D. by the Romans.
EXERCISE 3. Find the mistake in these sentences and fix the mistake.
1. Five suspects (A) have be (B) arrested (C) by the (D) police.
2. He was ordered (A) by the (B) doctor to (C) take an (D) long rest.
3. A (A) dancing class (B) was start (C) last week (D).
4. He were found (A) in the (B) forest by (C) the (D) police.
5. A (A) car is (B) going to been (C) bought (D) tomorrow.
6. These drugs are (A) be (B) destroyed (C) by police (D).
7. I'm from (A) Russia and (B) my family born (C) there (D).
Ex 3: Cho dạng đúng của các động từ sau đây (có thể là chủ động hoặc bị động)
The first diagram (1-illustrate)____________the process of cement manufacture, and the
second diagram (2-show)_____________ the materials that go into the production of
concrete.
It is clear that there are five stages in the production of cement, beginning with the input of
raw materials and ending with bags of the finished product. To produce concrete, four
different materials (3-mix)______________ together.
At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay (4-crush)____________ to
form a powder. This powder then (5-mix)______________ before it passes into a rotating
heater. After heating, the resulting mixture (6-grind)_______________, and cement (7-
produce) ______________. Finally, the cement (8-package) ______________ in large bags.
Cement is one of the four raw materials that (9-use)_______________ in the production of
concrete, along with gravel, sand and water. To be exact, concrete (10-consist)
_______________ of 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement and 10% water. All four
materials are blended together in a rotating machine called a concrete mixer.
Ex 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
=> ______________________________________________________________________

4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.

=> ______________________________________________________________________
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
7. Tom will visit his parents next month.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
=> ______________________________________________________________________
10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
11. They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
12. People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
13. They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
14. The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
=> ______________________________________________________________________
15. He told me that his football team had played well last season.
=> ______________________________________________________________________