AAV ES Social Classwork — Grade 8 Lesson 14, Resources 1. Define Resource. What are the three main categories of resources? Anything that fulfils human needs is called a resource. The three main types of resources are i. Natural Resources ~ Derived from nature. ji, Human Resources ~ People of the country. iii, Human made Resources ~ Things made by humans. 2. What is sustainable development? Why is it important? «Sustainable development means that we should use our resources carefully to meet out present need without compromising the future. * Only with sustainable development our future generations would be left with sufficient resources to meet their needs. ‘©The practice of reduce , reuse and recycle must be followed to achieve sustainable development. 3._Explain the main types of natural resources with examples. Natural resources fic Resources ‘Abiotic Resources Resources that are derived from living _| Resources that are derived from non — things. living things . Ex: Minerals, Water Ex: crops, leather Ubiquitous Resources Localized Resources Resources that are found everywhere.Bx: Air, water Resources that are found in specific place. Ex: Petroleum, coal Renewable Resources Resources that can be regenerated in a short span of time. Ex: Air, Solar energy Non-Renewable Resources Resources that take millions of years to regenerate. Ex: Coal, Minerals. ‘Actual Resources Resources whose location and quantity are known and the one we use at present. Ex: Minerals in Chota Nagpur Plateau Potential Resources Resources that are known to exist but we don’t have knowledge or technology to use them at present. Ex: Minerals in Antarctica. Lesson 25 ~ The Indian Constitution and the need for laws What is a constitution? Explain its importance. A constitution is a set of fundamental laws and basic principles according to which a state or country is governed. Constitution is important because © Itgives the government certain powers and also indicating imitations, + Itdeclares the rights and duties of the citizens. * It describes the law making procedure for a country. Write a note on Indian constitution. + The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world. * Itwas adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950. + Itdeclares the Union of India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic. + It assures its citizens of justice, equality and liberty and promotes fraternity. What was salt law? Why did Gandhiji choose to break it? In 1882 the British government imposed a salt law which gave the isha monopoly on the collection and manufacture of salt. The violation of the law was a criminal offence. Gandhiji chose to violate this law because * It affected every member of the society. * Slat is a basic necessity of life. * By breaking this law he wanted to show the repressive nature of British laws.4. What do you understand by dissent? ‘© Dissent means to disagree or to oppose. ‘+ [tis the people’s voice against unfair rules and laws which may violate their rights and freedom. ‘© The Salt Satyagragha is a good example for dissent. 5. Write a note on the anti-liquor campaign held in Andhra Pradesh. * In 1991, the women from Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh decided to protest against alcohol consumption. * The domestic problems resulting from their husband’s alcohol addiction had made them understand to do something urgently. ‘* They staged a series of protests to ban liquor trade in their area. * The movement resulted in the statewide ban on alcoholic beverages in 1995. * This movement was sigi to gather together on important issues. cant as it empowered the local women and help them Lesson 2 - Expansion of the British Power in India. 1. What was the cause of the second Carnatic war? Who were the combatants? ©The cause of the second Carnatic war was the war of succession broke out in Hydrabad and the Carnatic regions. ‘* In Hydrabad the two contenders were Nasir Jung supported by the British and Muzafar Jung supported by the French. ‘* Inthe Carnatic the two claimants were Muhammad Ali supported by the British and Chanda sahib supported by the French, 2. What was the Doctrine of lapse? * Lord Dalhousie initiated a policy called the Doctrine of Lapse. * According to this policy, if the ruler of a subsidiary state or a state under British control died without a natural male heir, his/her territory would pass into the hands of the British. ‘+ Jhansi, Satara and Nagpur were added to British in this way. 3. Explain how the Civil services were set up in India. * Lord Cornwallis introduced the Indian Civil Service * Lord Wellesley set up the Fort William College in Calcutta to train civil service. ‘* Initially civil servants were nominated by the Court of Directors of the EEIC. * Later civil servants were selected through a competitive exam held in England.4. Write a note on the judicial administration set up in India. Lord Cornwallis and Lord Warren Hastings instituted a proper judicial system in India. The Indian Penal code was introduced in 1860 and the Indian Criminal Procedure Code in 1862. The rule of law which means all people to be treated equal before law was introduced Hierarchy of courts as Supreme Court, High court, District Court and Subordinate court was established. ry Alliance? idiary Alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley. its Main features were as follows Any Indian ruler accepting Subsidiary Alliance had to keep British forces within his/her territory and had to pay for it. If the ruler could not make payments his/her territory would come under British rule. A British official called a resident was made to stay at the court of the ruler. All non-English foreigners had to be expelled from the state of the ruler.