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An Intro vector1

The document explains the concepts of scalar and vector quantities, highlighting that scalars have only magnitude while vectors have both magnitude and direction. It describes the resultant vector as the single vector that has the same effect as multiple vectors combined, and outlines methods for graphical vector addition, including the parallelogram method. Additionally, it provides examples of expressing numbers in scientific notation and converting measurements such as the diameter of the Earth into different units.

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soumya paul
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2 views2 pages

An Intro vector1

The document explains the concepts of scalar and vector quantities, highlighting that scalars have only magnitude while vectors have both magnitude and direction. It describes the resultant vector as the single vector that has the same effect as multiple vectors combined, and outlines methods for graphical vector addition, including the parallelogram method. Additionally, it provides examples of expressing numbers in scientific notation and converting measurements such as the diameter of the Earth into different units.

Uploaded by

soumya paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

1 PLANAR VECTORS, SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, AND UNITS


1.1 What is a scalar quantity?
• A scalar quantity has only magnitude; it is a pure number, positive or
negative. Scalars, being simple
numbers, are added, subtracted, etc., in the usual way. It may have a unit
after it, e.g. mass = 3 kg.
1.2 What is a vector quantity? • A vector quantity has both magnitude and
direction. For example, a car moving south at 40 km/h has a
vector velocity of 40 km/h southward.
A vector quantity can be represented by an arrow drawn to scale. The
length of the arrow is proportional
to the magnitude of the vector quantity (40 km/h in the above example).
The direction of the arrow
represents the direction of the vector quantity.
1.3 What is the 'resultant' vector?
• The resultant of a number of similar vectors, force vectors, for example,
is that single vector which would
have the same effect as all the original vectors taken together.
1.4 Describe the graphical addition of vectors.
• The method for finding the resultant of several vectors consists in
beginning at any convenient point and
d~awing (to scale) each vector arrow in turn. They may be taken in any
order of succession. The tail end of
each arrow is attached to the tip end of the preceding one.
The resultant is represented by an arrow with its tail end at the starting
point and its tip end at the tip of
the last vector added.
1.5 Describe the parallelogram method of addition of two vectors.
• The resultant of two vectors acting at any angle may be represented by
the diagonal of a parallelogram.
The two vectors are drawn as the sides of the parallelogram and the
resultant is its diagonal, as shown in Fig.
1-1. The direction of the resultant is away from the origin of the two
vectors.
2 0 CHAPTER 1
1.8 Express each of the following in scientific notation: (a) 627.4, (b)
0.000365, (c) 20001, (d) 1.0067, (e) 0.0067.
, (a) 6.274 x Uf. (b) 3.65 x 10-4• (c) 2.001 x 1if. (d) 1.0067 x 10°. (e) 6.7 X
10-3•
1.9 Express each of the following as simple numbers xlOo: (a) 31.65 x 10-3
(b) 0.415 x 106 (c) 1/(2.05 X 10-3
)
(d) 1/(43 x 1W).
, (a) 0.03165. (b) 415,000. (c) 488. (d) 0.0000233.
1.10 The diameter of the earth is about 1.27 x 107 m. Find its diameter in
(a) millimeters,
(b) megameters, (c) miles.
, (a) (1.27 x 107 m)(l000 mm/1 m) = 1.27 x 1010mm. (b) Multiply meters
by 1 Mm/1Q6m to obtain 12.7 Mm.
(c) Then use (1 km/1000 m)(l mi/1.61 km); the diameter is 7.89 x 103 mi.

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