DEVELOPMENT

OF ASSESSMENT
TOOLS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

 1. identify the different types of objective tests;

 2. discuss and present different types of tests;
 3. develop skills in item analysis and validation; and
 4. discuss effectively about item analysis and validation
TYPES OF OBJECTIVE TESTS
 Objective assessment is a generic term referring to tests where the marking is
objective as there are clear right and wrong answers. Objective assessments can be
summative, where marks are used to calculate a final grade for the student, or
formative, where student efforts are met with feedback on their performance that does
not directly contribute to final grades.
 with all forms of assessment it is necessary to align assessment with the desired
learning outcomes for the course.
 Examples: (a) true or false test; (b) multiple-choice test; (c) matching type.
 Constructed response test: (a) enumeration, (b) completion test, (c) essays (restricted
essay)
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING TRUE OR FALSE TEST

1. Do not give a hint (inadvertently) in the body of the

question.
The Philippines gained its independence in 1898 and therefore
celebrated its centennial year in 2000.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING TRUE OR FALSE TEST

II. Avoid using the word “always”, “never”, “often”, and

other words that tend to be either always true or always
false.

Christmas always falls on a Sunday because it is a Sabbath

day.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING TRUE OR FALSE TEST

III. Avoid long sentences as these tends to be “true”. Keep the

sentences short.

Test need to be valid, reliable, and useful, although, it would require a great
amount of time and effort to ensure that tests possess these test
characteristics.
Tests need to be valid, reliable, and useful since it takes very little amount of
time, money and effort to construct test with these characteristics.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING TRUE OR FALSE TEST

Rule 4: Avoid trick statements with some minor misleading word

or spelling anomaly, misplaced phrases, etc. A wise student who
does not know the subject matter may detect this strategy and
thus get the answer correctly.

Ex: The Kartilya ng Katipunan was written by Emilia Jacinto.

RULES IN CONSTRUCTING TRUE OR FALSE TEST

 Rule 5: Avoid quoting verbatim from reference materials

or textbooks. This practice sends wrong signal to the
student that it is necessary to memorize the textbook
word for word and, thus acquisition of higher level
thinking skills in not given due importance.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING TRUE OR FALSE TEST

Rule 6: Avoid specific determiners or give-away qualifiers.

Students quickly learn that strongly worded statements
aee more likely to be false than true, for example,
statements with “never” “no” “all” or “always”.
Moderately worded statement are more likely to be true
than false. “many”, “often”, “sometimes”, “generally”,
“frequently”, or some usually should be avoided.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING TRUE OR FALSE TEST

 Rule 7: With true or false questions, avoid grossly

disproportionate number of either true or false
statements or even patterns in the occurrence of true
and false statements or even patterns in the occurrence
of true or false statements.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING TRUE OR FALSE TEST

Rule 8: Avoid double negatives. This makes test item

unclear and definitely will confuse the students.

Ex. A misunderstood primary source can be a cause of

misunderstanding if NOT properly interpreted.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING A MATCHING TYPE TEST
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING A MATCHING TYPE TEST

 Rule 1: Match homogenous and not homogenous items.

If you want your students to match authors with their
literary works, in one column will be authors and in
the second column must be literary works. Don’t
insert nationality for instances with names of authors.
That will not be a good item since it is obviously
wrong.
EXAMPLE:

 Instruction: Match the items in a column A wit the items in column B.

 A B.
____1. First President of the Republic a. Magellan
____2. National Hero b. Mabini
____3. Discovered the Philippines c. Rizal
____4. Brain of Katipunan d. Aguinaldo
____5.The Great Painter e. Lapu-lapu
____6. Defended Limasawa Island f. Juan Luna
g. Antonio Luna
EXAMPLE:
 Instruction: Match the items in a column A with the items in column B.

 A B.
____1. First President of the Republic a. Magellan
____2. Greatest Filipino Hero b. Mabini
____3. Circumnavigator of the world c. Rizal
____4. Brain of Katipunan d. Aguinaldo
____5. The Great Painter e. Lapu-lapu
____6. Led the defense of the Island of Mactan f. Juan Luna
g. Antonio Luna
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING A MATCHING TYPE TEST

 Rule 2: The stem (longer in construction than the options) must be in the first
column while the options (usually shorter) must be in the second column.
 Rule 3: The options must be more in number than the stems to prevent the
student from arriving at the answer by mere process of elimination.
 Rule 4: To help the examinee find the answer easier. Arrange the options
alphabetically or chronologically, whichever is applicable.
 Rule 5: Like any other test, the direction of the test mist be given. The
examinees must know exactly what to do.
IMPERFECT MATCHING TYPE OF TEST
 Instruction: Match the items in a column A with the items in column B.

 A B.
____1. Grand Canyon a. Asia
____2. Glacier b. Africa
____3. Banaue Rice Terraces c. North America
____4. Grand Barrier Reef d. South America
____5. Christ The Redeemer e. Antartica
____6. Statue of Liberty f. Europe
g. Australia
FOR 20 MINUTES, CONSTRUCT A 10-ITEM PERFECT
MATCHING TYPE OF TEST AND 10- ITEM IMPERFECT
MATCHING TYPE OF TEST. TAKE A PICTURE OF YOUR
FINISHED WORK WITHIN THE TIME GIVEN BY YOUR
INSTRUCTOR. PAPERS WILL BE COLLECTED ONCE
FACE-TO-FACE CLASSES ARE RESUMED.

MENTAL EXERCISE
CONSTRUCTING SUPPLY TYPE OR CONSTRUCTED
RESPONSE TYPE
 The items on this kind of test consist of a stem and a blank
where the students would write the correct answer.
 The study of Earth’s physical characteristics is called
________________.
Example A: Write an appropriate synonym for each of the following. Each blank corresponds to a letter:
Metamorphose: _ _ _ _ _ _
Flourish: _ _ _ _

Example B: Write G if the item on the left is greater than the item on the right.; L if the item on the left is less than the
item on the right; E if the item on the left equals the item on the right and D if the relationship cannot be determined.
A B
1. Square root of 9 ______ a. -3
2. Square of 25 ______ b. 615
3. 36 inches ______ c. 3 meters
4. 4 feets ______ d. 48 inches
5. 1 kilogram ______ e. 1 pound
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING COMPLETION TYPE OF TEST

1. Avoid over mutilated sentences like this test item.

Give enough clue to the students.
Example:
The ____produced ____ by the ____ is used by the green
____ to change the ____ and ____ and into ____.This
process is called _______.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING COMPLETION TYPE OF TEST

 II. Avoid open-ended item. There should be only

one acceptable answer. This item is open-ended,
hence no good tests item.
 Dr. Jose Rizal wrote __________.
RULES IN CONSTRUCTING COMPLETION TYPE OF TEST

III. The blank should be at the end or near the end of the sentence. The
question must first be asked before an answer is expected. Like the
matching type of test, the stem (where the question is packed) must be in
the first column.
IV. Ask question on more significant item not on trivial matter.
Jose Rizal was born on June ______, 1861.
V. The length of the blanks must not suggest the answer. So better to make
the blanks uniform in size.
ESSAY
IS ESSAY CONSIDERED AN OBJECTIVE OR A NON-OBJECTIVE TYPE?
RESTRICTED AND NON-RESTRICTED ESSAY
 Restricted Essay. Also referred to as short focused response.
“Write an example”, “list three reasons”, “compare and contrast two techniques”

 Non-restricted Essay. Referred as Extended Essay. This tests demand more

comprehensive answers, longer and complex responses but students
are encouraged to remain focused and organized.
• Example: Devise a plan to determine whether the Democrats and Republicans are
evenly distributed throughout the country”, “Create a story. “, “Design a proposal…”
GUIDELINES FOR THE FORMULATION AND SCORING OF ESSAY
TESTS
 1. Phrase the direction in such a way that students are guided on the key concepts to be included.
Specify how the students should respond.
Example: Using details and information from the article, summarize the main points of the article (Magellan’s
Cross). For a complete ad correct response, consider these points.
a. Its history – 10 points
b. Its interesting features – 10 points
c. Why it is a landmark – 5 points

Non- example: Using details and information from the article, summarize the main points of the article
(Magellan’s Cross).
GUIDELINES FOR THE FORMULATION AND SCORING OF ESSAY
TESTS
 2. Inform the students on the criteria to be used for grading their essay. This rule allow the students to
focus on the relevant and substantive materials rather than on peripheral and unnecessary facts and
bits of information.
 Example:Write an essay on the topic “The Problem of Farmers’ Landownership in the county. ” using the
keywords indicated.You will be graded according to the following criteria:
a. Coherence
b. Accuracy of statements
c. Use of keywords
d. Clarity
e. Extra points for the innovative solutions of the problem.
GUIDELINES FOR THE FORMULATION AND SCORING OF ESSAY
TESTS

 3. Put a time limit on the essay tests.

 4. Decided on your essay grading system prior getting the essays to your
students.
 5. Evaluate all of the students’ answer to one question before proceeding to
the next question. Scoring or grading tests question ny question, rather than
student by students, makes it possible to maintain a more uniform standard
for judging the answers to each students.
 6. Evaluate answer to essay questions without knowing the identity of the
writer.
GUIDELINES FOR THE FORMULATION AND SCORING OF ESSAY
TESTS

 7. Whenever possible, have two or more persons grade each answer.

 8. Do not provide optional questions. It is difficult to construct of
equal difficulty and so teacher cannot have valid comparison of
student’s achievement.
 9. Provide information about the value/ weight of the question and
how it will be scored.
 10. Emphasize higher level thinking skills.
EXERCISE: SERVES AS YOUR ASSIGNMENT TO BE SUBMITTED ON MAY
2

 Construct a 15- item Multiple Choice test about any

topic in Araling Panlipunan. Provide also a key answer.
Do it in a short coupon bond.
 Construct a non-restricted and restricted essay with
instruction and rubrics.