TANSCHE MSW – Glossary of terminologies -Social Welfare Administration, Social Policies and Social Legislations Paper

Compiled by S.Rengasamy

TANSCHE Tamil Nadu State Council For Higher Education

Master of Social Work Program Syllabus
Social Welfare Administration, Social Policies & Social Legislations Paper
Glossary of Professional Terminologies
Compiled by
S.Rengasamy

Social Welfare Administration, Social Policies & Social Legislations Paper

Elaboration of
Learning Objectives & Course Outcomes
Learning Objectives
To understand the basic concepts of social welfare administration.
Define social welfare administration and its importance
Explain the role of government and NGOs in social welfare
Identify key concepts: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling
To make aware of the registration of NGOs.
Explain the legal framework for NGO registration
Describe the registration process (Societies Registration Act, Trust Act, etc.)
Discuss the importance of registration for NGOs
To acquire knowledge about social work agencies.
Define social work agencies and their types (government, NGO, private)
Explain agency functions: service delivery, advocacy, community development
Discuss agency management: governance, funding, human resources
To describe social policy, planning, and programmes.
Define social policy and its importance
Explain the policy-making process
Describe social welfare programs (e.g., poverty alleviation, healthcare)
To know social legislation.
Define social legislation and its importance
Explain key laws (e.g., Right to Education, Disability Rights)
Discuss implementation and enforcement challenges
Course Outcomes
Upon completing the course, students will
Acquire knowledge about social welfare administration and structure in India.
Understand the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment's role
Explain state and local government social welfare structures
Identify key social welfare programs and policies
Acquire application knowledge of registering, managing, and administering Welfare
Agencies.
Register an NGO or social work agency
Develop a project proposal and budget
Explain agency management principles

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Describe social welfare administration structure, programs, and policies in India.

Explain national social welfare policies (e.g., National Social Assistance Program)
Describe state-specific social welfare initiatives
Identify key stakeholders and their roles
Describe understanding of social policy, planning, and development in India.
Analyze social policy-making processes
Explain participatory planning and community engagement
Discuss sustainable development goals and social work
Critically analyze social legislation enforcement and challenges.
Evaluate the effectiveness of social legislation
Identify implementation challenges (e.g., funding, capacity building)
Propose solutions for improved enforcement
Enhance knowledge on government departments and NGOs' function for people's
development.
Explain government department roles (e.g., Health, Education)
Describe NGO partnerships with government
Discuss community participation and empowerment strategies
Importance of this paper:
This course enables students to:
Understand social welfare administration and its importance
Develop skills in registering and managing social work agencies
Analyze social policies and legislation
Enhance knowledge on government-NGO partnerships
Prepare for careers in social welfare administration, policy-making, and advocacy
Motivation for students:
Develop skills to make a positive impact on society
Understand the role of social workers in policy-making and implementation
Enhance knowledge of government and NGO initiatives
Build careers in social welfare administration, policy, and advocacy
Contribute to sustainable development and social justice
UNIT - I
Social Welfare Administration: Meaning and definition of Social Welfare Administration and
Social Work administration; Purpose, historical development. principles, functions and areas
(Policy making, planning, personnel, supervision, office administration, budgeting, finance, fund
raising, accounting, auditing, purchase and stock keeping, record maintenance, co-ordination,
public relation, monitoring and evaluation, research, annual report);

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Unit I Social Welfare Administration

Meaning and Definition of Social Welfare
Social welfare refers to the provision of services and programs aimed at improving the well-
being of individuals and communities. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including
poverty alleviation, healthcare, education, housing, and social protection.
Meaning and Definition of Administration
Administration is the process of organizing, planning, controlling, and coordinating resources to
achieve organizational goals. It involves the efficient and effective use of human, financial, and
material resources.
Meaning and Definition of Social Welfare Administration
Social welfare administration is the application of administrative principles and techniques to
the field of social welfare. It involves managing social welfare programs, agencies, and services
to meet the needs of individuals and communities.
Meaning and Definition of Social Work Administration
Social work administration is a specialized field within social welfare administration that
focuses on the management of social work agencies and programs. It involves planning,
organizing, directing, and controlling social work activities to achieve desired outcomes.
Purpose of Social Welfare Administration
The primary purpose of social welfare administration is to ensure that social welfare services are
delivered effectively and efficiently to meet the needs of the target population. It involves
ensuring accountability, transparency, and ethical practices.
Historical Development of Social Welfare Administration
The historical development of social welfare administration can be traced back to ancient
civilizations, but it gained significant momentum in the 19th and 20th centuries with the rise of
industrialization and social reforms.
Principles of Social Welfare Administration
Social welfare administration is guided by various principles, including:
Humanistic values: Respect for human dignity, compassion, and social justice.
Efficiency: Use of resources in a cost-effective manner.
Effectiveness: Achievement of desired outcomes.
Equity: Fair and equitable distribution of services.
Accountability: Responsibility for actions and outcomes.
Functions of Social Welfare Administration
Social welfare administration involves a wide range of functions, including:
Planning and policy development
Resource allocation and management
Program implementation and evaluation
Supervision and staff development
Community engagement and advocacy

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Areas of Social Welfare Administration

Social welfare administration encompasses various areas, such as:
Child welfare
Family services
Mental health services
Substance abuse treatment
Disability services
Gerontology
Community development
Definition of Policy and Social Policy
Policy is a course of action adopted by an individual, organization, or government to achieve
specific objectives. Social policy is a set of government programs and regulations designed to
address social problems and promote the well-being of citizens.
Process of Policy Making in Welfare Organizations
The process of policy making in welfare organizations typically involves:
Identifying a need or problem
Conducting research and analysis
Developing policy options
Consulting with stakeholders
Selecting a policy
Implementing the policy
Evaluating the policy's effectiveness
Importance of Office Management in Welfare Organizations
Effective office management is essential for the smooth functioning of welfare organizations. It
involves managing administrative tasks, such as:
Record keeping
Filing
Communication
Scheduling
Facilities management
Communication System in Welfare Organizations
A well-functioning communication system is vital for effective social welfare administration. It
involves:
Clear and concise communication channels
Active listening
Feedback mechanisms
Use of technology (e.g., email, video conferencing)
Planning in Welfare Organizations
Planning is a crucial aspect of social welfare administration. It involves:
Setting goals and objectives
Identifying resources
Developing strategies
Monitoring progress
Evaluating outcomes

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Personnel Supervision in Welfare Organizations

Personnel supervision involves overseeing the work of staff members to ensure that they are
performing their duties effectively and efficiently. It involves:
Providing guidance and support
Evaluating performance
Addressing performance issues
Promoting professional development
Budgeting in Welfare Organizations
Budgeting is the process of creating a financial plan for a welfare organization. It involves:
Estimating income
Forecasting expenses
Allocating resources
Monitoring spending
Financial Management in Welfare Organizations
Financial management is the overall process of managing a welfare organization's finances. It
involves:
Budgeting
Accounting
Auditing
Fundraising
Investment management
Fundraising for Welfare Organizations
Fundraising is the process of raising money to support the activities of a welfare organization. It
involves:
Identifying potential donors
Developing fundraising strategies
Implementing fundraising campaigns
Managing donations
Accounting and Auditing in Welfare Organizations
Accounting involves recording and summarizing financial transactions. Auditing is the process
of examining financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance with regulations.
Purchase and Stock Keeping in Welfare Organizations
Purchase and stock keeping involve the procurement and management of supplies and materials.
It involves:
Identifying needs
Selecting suppliers
Placing orders
Receiving and storing goods
Managing inventory

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Record Maintenance
Record maintenance involves the systematic storage and organization of documents and
information. It involves:
Developing a filing system
Storing documents securely
Ensuring confidentiality
Retrieving information when needed
Coordination
Coordination involves working together with other organizations and individuals to achieve
common goals. It involves:
Effective communication
Shared planning
Resource sharing
Collaboration
Public Relations
Public relations involves building and maintaining positive relationships with the public. It
involves:
Promoting the organization's mission and values
Communicating with stakeholders
Managing the organization's reputation
Monitoring and Evaluation in Welfare Organizations
Monitoring and evaluation involve assessing the progress and outcomes of welfare programs. It
involves:
Collecting data
Analyzing data
Identifying strengths and weaknesses
Making recommendations for improvement
Research for Welfare Organizations
Research is essential for informed decision-making in welfare organizations. It involves:
Identifying research questions
Collecting data
Analyzing data
Drawing conclusions
Disseminating findings
Preparation of Annual Report
An annual report is a document that summarizes a welfare organization's activities, financial
performance, and accomplishments over the past year. It is used to communicate with
stakeholders, donors, and the public.
Office Automation in Welfare Organization
Office automation involves using technology to streamline administrative tasks and improve
efficiency. It involves:
Computer systems
Software applications
Internet connectivity

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Application of Computers in Welfare Organization

Computers can be used for a variety of tasks in welfare organizations, including:
Word processing
Database management
Financial accounting
Communication
Research
Program evaluation
Unit II Social Welfare Agencies
Social Welfare Agencies: Development of Social Welfare in India; Voluntary Social Work.
Social Agencies: Meaning, definition, type and models of NGOs; Roles of NGOs in National
Development. Types of NGO Registration and procedure; Societies Registration Act 1860,
Indian Trusts Act 1882 and Companies Act, 2013.
Explain Social Welfare Agency
A social welfare agency is an organization that provides services and programs to improve the
well-being of individuals and communities. They can be government agencies, non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), or charitable trusts.
History of Social Welfare Administration
The history of social welfare administration in India dates back to ancient times, with evidence
of social welfare practices in various kingdoms and empires. However, modern social welfare
administration in India gained momentum during the British colonial period and the post-
independence era.
Constitutional Base for Social Welfare in India
The Indian Constitution provides a strong foundation for social welfare through various
directives and provisions. Some key constitutional provisions related to social welfare include:
Directive Principles of State Policy: These principles outline the social and economic goals that
the state should strive to achieve, including providing social security, promoting education, and
ensuring public health.
Fundamental Rights: These rights guarantee certain fundamental freedoms to citizens,
including the right to equality, freedom from exploitation, and the right to education.
Administrative Arrangements for Social Welfare in India
The administration of social welfare in India is a shared responsibility between the central
government, state governments, and local bodies. The central government plays a key role in
formulating policies and providing financial assistance, while state governments and local bodies
implement programs and services.
Administrative Arrangements and Constitutional Base for Social Policy in India
The administrative arrangements for social policy in India are similar to those for social welfare.
The central government plays a leading role in formulating policies, while state governments and
local bodies implement them. The Constitution provides a strong legal framework for social
policy in India.
Development of Social Welfare in India
Social welfare in India has undergone significant development since independence. The
government has implemented various programs and initiatives to address social issues such as
poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. These include:
Five-Year Plans: The government has formulated five-year plans to outline its development

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priorities and allocate resources.

First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956)
- Emphasis on health, education, and social services
- Allocation: 14.6% of total plan outlay
Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961)
- Focus on community development and welfare programs
- Allocation: 16.4% of total plan outlay
Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966)
- Introduced targeted programs for vulnerable groups (e.g., Scheduled Castes/Tribes)
- Allocation: 18.4% of total plan outlay
Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974)
- Emphasized poverty alleviation and rural development
- Allocation: 20.3% of total plan outlay
Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1979)
- Introduced Minimum Needs Program (MNP) for basic services
- Allocation: 23.1% of total plan outlay
Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985)
- Focus on health, education, and family welfare
- Allocation: 25.6% of total plan outlay
Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990)
- Introduced Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) for employment generation
- Allocation: 28.5% of total plan outlay
Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997)
- Emphasized social justice and empowerment
- Allocation: 31.4% of total plan outlay
Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002)
- Focus on poverty reduction, education, and health
- Allocation: 34.2% of total plan outlay
Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007)
- Introduced Bharat Nirman Program for rural infrastructure
- Allocation: 37.3% of total plan outlay
Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)
- Emphasized inclusive growth and social equity
- Allocation: 40.9% of total plan outlay
Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012-2017)
- Focus on health, education, and skill development
- Allocation: 45.2% of total plan outlay
Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2017-2022)
- Emphasizes sustainable development and social justice
- Allocation: 48.5% of total plan outlay
Welfare Schemes: The government has launched numerous welfare schemes to provide benefits
to vulnerable sections of the population, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), the National Food Security Act, and the Pradhan
Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana.
Social Security Schemes: The government has implemented social security schemes to provide
financial protection to citizens, such as the Employees' State Insurance (ESI) scheme and the

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Public Provident Fund (PPF) scheme.

Social welfare initiatives after NITI Aayog's establishment in 2015:
NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission, shifting focus from centralized planning to
cooperative federalism.
Major Social Welfare Initiatives:
1. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (2014): Cleanliness and sanitation
2. Ayushman Bharat (2018): Health insurance for poor families
3. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (2014): Financial inclusion
4. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (2016): LPG connections for poor households
5. National Education Policy (2020): Reforms in education sector
6. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (2019): Farmer support
7. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (2020): COVID-19 relief package
8. Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (2020): Self-reliance and economic empowerment
NITI Aayog's Social Welfare Focus Areas:
1. Poverty alleviation
2. Health and nutrition
3. Education and skill development
4. Women and child empowerment
5. Inclusive growth and social justice
Ministries Associated with Social Welfare and Social Policy Making in India
Several ministries at the central and state levels are involved in social welfare and social policy
making in India. Some key ministries include:
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment: This ministry is responsible for the welfare of
the socially disadvantaged, including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other backward
classes.
Ministry of Women and Child Development: This ministry is responsible for the welfare of
women and children, including programs related to education, health, and protection.
Ministry of Labour and Employment: This ministry is responsible for labor welfare and
employment-related matters.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: This ministry is responsible for public health and
family welfare programs.
Voluntary Social Work
Voluntary social work refers to social work activities undertaken by individuals or organizations
without receiving any monetary compensation. Voluntary social work plays a crucial role in
supplementing government efforts and providing services to communities.
Functional Areas of Ministries at the Central Level Related to Social Welfare
The functional areas of ministries at the central level related to social welfare include:
Policy formulation and implementation
Resource allocation and management
Monitoring and evaluation
Coordination with state governments and NGOs
Research and development

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Functional Areas of Ministries at the State Level Related to Social Welfare

The functional areas of ministries at the state level related to social welfare include:
Implementation of central government schemes
Development and implementation of state-specific programs
Coordination with district administrations and NGOs
Monitoring and evaluation of programs
Resource allocation and management
Definition of Welfare Agency
A welfare agency is an organization that provides services and programs to improve the well-
being of individuals and communities. They can be government agencies, non-governmental
organizations (NGOs), or charitable trusts.
Types of Welfare Agency
There are various types of welfare agencies, including:
Government agencies
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
Charitable trusts
Community-based organizations (CBOs)
Faith-based organizations
Models of NGO
NGOs can be classified into different models based on their structure, funding sources, and
objectives. Some common models include:
Service delivery model: NGOs that focus on providing direct services to beneficiaries.
Advocacy model: NGOs that work to influence policy and promote social change.
Community development model: NGOs that work to empower communities and promote self-
sufficiency.
Roles of NGOs in National Development
NGOs play a vital role in national development by:
Providing services to vulnerable populations
Advocating for social justice and equality
Promoting community development
Supporting government initiatives
Filling gaps in service delivery
Types of NGO Registration and Procedure
NGOs in India can be registered under various laws, including:
Societies Registration Act, 1860: This act provides for the registration of societies formed for
non-profit purposes.
Indian Trusts Act, 1882: This act provides for the registration of trusts created for charitable or
religious purposes.
Companies Act, 2013: This act provides for the registration of companies, including non-profit
companies.
The registration process for NGOs involves submitting certain documents and fees to the
relevant registering authority. The specific requirements may vary depending on the type of
NGO and the registering authority.

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UNIT III Governmental Schemes on Social Welfare

Governmental Schemes on Social Welfare. Social Welfare Administration at national, state and
local levels; CSWB (Central Social Welfare Board), State Social Welfare Board, Directorate of
Social Welfare and Handicapped Welfare. Social welfare policy: Evolution and Constitutional
base, policies & Programmes for the Weaker Section of the community (women, Children,
Aged, handicapped & other backward caste (OBCs), Scheduled Caste (SCs), Scheduled Tribes
(STs) and De-Notified Communities)
Social Welfare Administration at National Level in India:
Social welfare administration at the national level is carried out through various ministries and
agencies, including the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and the Ministry of Women
and Child Development. These bodies formulate policies, design programs, allocate resources,
and monitor the implementation of welfare schemes across the country.
Social Welfare Administration at State Level in India:
Each state has its own Social Welfare Department that implements national policies and designs
state-specific programs. These departments are responsible for coordinating social welfare
activities at the state level, ensuring that welfare benefits reach the intended populations.
Social Welfare Administration at Local Level in India:
Local-level welfare administration is carried out by Panchayats, Municipalities, and local bodies.
These institutions are involved in implementing welfare schemes tailored to the specific needs of
communities, providing services like healthcare, education, and public utilities.
CSWB (Central Social Welfare Board):
The Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB) was established in 1953 to promote social welfare
activities and provide financial and technical assistance to voluntary organizations. It focuses on
empowering women, children, and marginalized sections of society by supporting NGOs and
grassroots initiatives.
State Social Welfare Boards:
These boards function under the guidance of the CSWB at the state level. They help implement
social welfare programs, coordinate with NGOs, and ensure that state-level policies are in line
with national objectives.
Directorate of Social Welfare and Handicapped Welfare:
This directorate functions within state governments to administer welfare schemes for disabled
and marginalized populations. It works on policies related to rehabilitation, education, and skill
development for people with disabilities.
Social Welfare Policy:
Social welfare policy refers to government initiatives and strategies aimed at ensuring the well-
being of citizens, especially marginalized groups. It includes legislation, schemes, and programs
designed to address issues like poverty, inequality, healthcare, and education.
Evolution and Constitutional Base for Social Policy:
Social policies in India have evolved from colonial welfare programs to comprehensive
frameworks post-independence. The Constitution provides the legal foundation for social policy
through the Directive Principles of State Policy, aiming to promote social justice and welfare.
Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section of the Community:
These policies focus on improving the socio-economic conditions of marginalized groups such
as women, children, the elderly, Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other
Backward Castes (OBCs), and people with disabilities. The government provides targeted
schemes like subsidies, reservations, education, and healthcare services.

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Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section – Women:

Policies for women focus on empowerment, gender equality, and protection from violence and
discrimination. Programs include Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Mahila Shakti Kendras, and various
microfinance and self-help group initiatives aimed at improving women’s socio-economic status.
Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section – Children:
Programs for children include health initiatives like Integrated Child Development Services
(ICDS), Mid-Day Meal Scheme, and education-focused initiatives such as Sarva Shiksha
Abhiyan. The focus is on protecting child rights, reducing malnutrition, and improving access to
education.
Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section – Aged:
Programs for the elderly focus on healthcare, social security, and pension schemes like the
National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) and the Integrated Programme for Senior
Citizens. These initiatives aim to provide financial and medical support to older adults.
Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section – Handicapped:
Programs for people with disabilities include the Accessible India Campaign, disability pensions,
and education and employment opportunities under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act,
2016. The focus is on inclusivity, accessibility, and rehabilitation.
Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section – Other Backward Caste (OBCs):
Programs for OBCs include reservations in education and government jobs, financial support for
education through scholarships, and various welfare schemes aimed at improving living
standards.
Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section – Scheduled Caste (SCs):
SC welfare programs include schemes like the Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan, scholarships for SC
students, and reservations in educational institutions and government jobs. The aim is to address
historical disadvantages and provide socio-economic Upliftment.
Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section – Scheduled Tribes (STs):
ST programs focus on improving healthcare, education, and livelihoods in tribal areas. Initiatives
like the Tribal Sub-Plan and various development schemes for Tribal Development Authorities
are aimed at addressing their unique challenges.
Policies and Programs for the Weaker Section – De-Notified Communities:
De-notified communities, often previously labeled as criminal tribes, benefit from special
schemes that focus on education, vocational training, and social integration. The aim is to
remove stigma and provide opportunities for economic and social development.
UNIT IV Social Planning and Social Development
Social Planning and Social Development: Social planning and community planning, Need and
importance. Planning machinery at the state & National levels; Five year plans; Social
development: Concept and indicators for social change and social development in India.
Definition of Social Planning:
Social planning refers to the organized efforts by governments and organizations to develop
policies and strategies that improve the social well-being of communities. It involves addressing
issues like poverty, education, healthcare, and housing through structured programs.
Definition of Community Planning:
Community planning is the process of engaging local communities in the design and
implementation of programs that address their specific needs. It emphasizes participation, local
empowerment, and the sustainability of development projects.

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Need and Importance of Planning:

Planning is essential for the effective allocation of resources, ensuring that social services reach
the intended beneficiaries, and addressing long-term goals like reducing inequality and
improving living conditions.
Planning Machinery at the National Level:
At the national level, planning is done by bodies such as the NITI Aayog, which formulates
policies and oversees the implementation of programs. Previously, this role was carried out by
the Planning Commission, especially through the Five-Year Plans.
Planning Machinery at the State Level:
State Planning Commissions or State Development Authorities are responsible for creating and
executing state-level development plans. They work in coordination with national agencies to
ensure the implementation of centrally sponsored schemes at the state level.
Concept of Social Development in India:
Social development in India refers to efforts aimed at improving the quality of life for all
citizens, with a focus on marginalized groups. This includes access to education, healthcare, and
employment opportunities, as well as the promotion of gender equality and social justice.
Indicators of Social Development in India:
Key indicators include literacy rates, life expectancy, poverty levels, employment rates, access to
clean water and sanitation, healthcare facilities, and gender equality.
Social Development Efforts in Five-Year Plans:
India’s Five-Year Plans focused on economic growth as well as social development. Key social
initiatives included education, healthcare, rural development, and poverty alleviation programs.
Concept of Social Change in India:
Social change refers to the transformation of societal structures and relationships over time,
influenced by factors such as economic development, education, urbanization, and political
reforms.
Indicators of Social Change in India:
These indicators include shifts in literacy rates, migration patterns, changes in family structure,
gender roles, and increased participation in democratic processes
UNIT - V Social Legislation
Definition and role legislation in social change, constitutional basis for social
legislation: Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of state Policy; laws related to Laws
Related to Marriage: Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Personal Laws Relating to Marriage.: Laws
Relating to Divorce, Minority, and Guardianship; Adoption, Succession, and Inheritance.
Legislation Relating to Social Problems such as Prostitution, Juvenile Delinquency, Women
Harassment Child Labour, Untouchability, Physical, and Mental Disabilities.
Definition of Legislation:
Legislation refers to the laws enacted by the government to regulate behavior and protect the
rights of individuals. It provides a framework for governance and social order.
Definition of Social Legislation:
Social legislation includes laws that address social issues, protect vulnerable groups, and
promote social welfare. Examples include laws on child protection, women’s rights, and
disability rights.

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Role of Legislation in Social Change:

Legislation plays a crucial role in promoting social change by addressing inequalities, protecting
rights, and shaping public policy to foster more equitable and inclusive societies.
Constitutional Basis for Social Legislation:
The Indian Constitution provides the foundation for social legislation through the Fundamental
Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy, which mandate the promotion of social justice
and equality.
Fundamental Rights in Indian Constitution:
Fundamental Rights include the right to equality, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and
protection from discrimination, among others.
Directive Principles of State Policy:
These are guidelines for the government to promote social and economic welfare, such as
ensuring equal pay for equal work, promoting the education of children, and providing public
assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, or disability.
Laws Related to Marriage:
Various laws govern marriage in India, including religious-specific laws like the Hindu Marriage
Act, Muslim Marriage Act, and Christian Marriage Act, which regulate aspects of marriage,
divorce, and family life.
Laws Relating to Divorce:
Divorce laws vary across religions, with the Hindu Marriage Act, Muslim Personal Law, and
other personal laws outlining the conditions and procedures for divorce.
Laws Relating to Minority:
These laws protect the rights of minority communities and ensure they are not subjected to
discrimination, especially in areas like education, employment, and political representation.
Laws Relating to Guardianship
The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, regulates guardianship among Hindus ¹ ².
- The Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, provides for the appointment of guardians for minors ¹.
- Under Shia law, the mother is the custodian until the child is seven years old for females and
two years old for males, after which the father becomes the custodian ³.
Succession and inheritance laws govern the distribution of property upon the death of an
individual. These laws vary depending on religion and personal laws.
Legislation Relating to Social Problems
There are various laws that address specific social problems, including:
Prostitution: The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act
Juvenile Delinquency: The Juvenile Justice Act
Women Harassment: The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplaces Act
Child Labor: The Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act
Untouchability: The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act
Physical and Mental Disabilities: The Persons with Disabilities Act

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The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act (ITPA)

Purpose: To prevent and suppress the immoral traffic in women and girls.
Key Features:
Defines "immoral traffic" as the exploitation of women and girls for prostitution or other
unlawful purposes.
Prohibits the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons for the
purpose of immoral traffic.
Provides for the rescue and rehabilitation of victims of immoral traffic.
Imposes penalties on persons involved in immoral traffic.
The Juvenile Justice Act (JJA)
Purpose: To provide for the care, protection, and rehabilitation of children in conflict with the
law and children in need of care and protection.
Key Features:
Defines "child" as a person below the age of 18 years.
Provides for the establishment of Juvenile Justice Boards to deal with cases involving children.
Specifies the procedures for the arrest, detention, and trial of children in conflict with the law.
Emphasizes the need for rehabilitation and reintegration of children into society.
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplaces Act (SHWWA)
Purpose: To prohibit sexual harassment of women at workplaces and provide for their redressal.
Key Features:
Defines "sexual harassment" as any unwelcome act of a sexual nature that has the effect of
creating a hostile work environment.
Establishes internal complaints committees (ICCs) in workplaces to investigate and redress
complaints of sexual harassment.
Provides for legal remedies, including compensation and reinstatement of service.
The Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act (CLPRA)
Purpose: To prohibit child labor and regulate the employment of children in certain
occupations.
Key Features:
Defines "child" as a person below the age of 14 years.
Prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations.
Regulates the employment of children between the ages of 14 and 18 years in non-hazardous
occupations.
Provides for penalties for violations of the Act.
The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (SC/ST Act)
Purpose: To prevent atrocities against members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Key Features:
Defines "atrocity" as any act of violence or intimidation committed against a member of a
Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe.
Provides for speedy trial of offenses under the Act.
Imposes stringent penalties for perpetrators of atrocities.
Establishes special courts to handle cases under the Act.

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 TANSCHE MSW – Glossary of terminologies -Social Welfare Administration, Social Policies and Social Legislations Paper
Compiled by S.Rengasamy

The Persons with Disabilities Act (PwD Act)

Purpose: To provide for the rights and entitlements of persons with disabilities.
Key Features:
Defines "disability" as a physical, mental, or sensory impairment that substantially limits a
person's ability to participate in everyday life.
Provides for reservation of employment and educational opportunities for persons with
disabilities.
Requires government and private establishments to make their premises accessible to persons
with disabilities.
Establishes the National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Disabilities
o .

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