QUESTION 1.

1.1. Match Column A with Column B

1.1.1. C
1.1.2. E
1.1.3. B
1.1.4. F
1.1.5. G
1.1.6. D
1.1.7. H
1.1.8. A
(8)
1.2. Choose correct term from the ones in brackets.
1.2.1. Stratosphere
1.2.2. Isotherms
1.2.3. Conduction
1.2.4. Cold Benguela
1.2.5. Maritime
1.2.6. Global warming
1.2.7. Desertification
(7)
[15]
1.3. Structure of the atmosphere.
1.3.1. It is the layer of gases that surrounds the earth.(2)
1.3.2. Air in the mesosphere is dense enough that the meteor's moving through it
creates a lot of heat. (1)
1.3.3. D – troposphere (1)
C – Stratosphere / ozone layer (1)
1.3.4. This is because of the absorption of UV radiation by ozone molecules, which
creates a layer of warm air. (2)
This temperature gradient is called the stratospheric temperature inversion.(2)
1.3.5. Oxygen supports life of all living things (2)
The layer moderate climate(2)
 Availability of water to support life. (2)
[15]
1.4. Global warming.
1.4.1. It is the average increase in global temperatures. (2)
1.4.2. Fossil fuel burning or human activities.(1)
1.4.3. Climate change is the change in weather patterns over a long period of time.
(1 ). Global warming is the increase in average temperatures in the world. (1)
1.4.4. Carbon Dioxide. (1)
Methane. (1)
1.4.5. Carbon footprint policies(2)
Fines and laws to limit number of emissions. (2)
use renewable energy sources. (2)
use less fossil fuels; use electric vehicle; encourage the use of bicycles or lift
clubs to work. (2)
rooftop gardens to absorb carbon dioxide; plant more trees.(2)
[ANY FOUR]
[15]
1.5. Synoptic weather chart.
1.5.1. Southern hemisphere. (1)
1.5.2. South Africa; Time zone. (1)
clockwise rotation of the mid latitude cyclone. (1)
1.5.3. A- South Indian High (1)
C- South Atlantic High. (1)
1.5.4. Cold Front. (1)
Formed when different air masses meet, warm air gets displaced or lifted off
the ground. (2)
1.5.5. Drop in temperatures as the cold front moves over. (2)
strong winds due to steep pressure gradient. (2)
heavy rains will occur with cumulonimbus clouds (2)
overcast conditions(2)
[ANY THREE]

[15]

Subtotal [60]
QUESTION 2

2. Various options given choose a correct letter.

2.1.1. A
2.1.2. A
2.1.3. C
2.1.4. A
2.1.5. B
2.1.6. D
2.1.7. B
2.1.8. A
(8)
2.2. Igneous intrusive activity
2.2.1. Laccolith
2.2.2. Batholith
2.2.3. Sill
2.2.4. Batholith
2.2.5. Laccolith
2.2.6. Dike
2.2.7. Batholith
(7)

2.3. Structure of the earth.

2.3.1. A- crust (1)
D- inner core.(1)
2.3.2. Crust. (1)
Inner core.(1)
2.3.3. Inner core / D. (1)
2.3.4. Great pressure results in high temperatures. (1)
2.3.5. The crust is the outermost layer of solid rock, on which we live. (2)
Source of crude oil and coal (2)
Weathered rock produces fertile soil. (2)
 The continental crust provides stable landmasses that support ecosystems
and human civilizations. (2)

It contains valuable resources such as minerals, metals, and fossil fuels,

crucial for human industries and agriculture. (2)
[ANY FOUR]
[15]

2.4. Volcanic eruption.

2.4.1. the expulsion of gases, rock fragments, and/or molten lava from within the
Earth through a vent onto the Earth’s surface or into the atmosphere.(2)
2.4.2. 57.5 km. (1)
2.4.3. Ash. (2)
Rocks. (2)
lava bombs. (2)
lava. (2)
gases. (2)
[ANY TWO]
2.4.4. Volcanic ash is a good fertilizer. (2)
Volcanic material forms fertile soil. (2)
Diamonds can be found in some old volcanic pipes. (2)
[ANY TWO]
2.4.5. Prepare emergency services on time.(2)
Prepare evacuation plan. (2)
Conduct early evacuations. (2)
Medical services be ready.(2)
Organize emergency supply of water and food. (2)
[ANY TWO]
[15]
2.5. Continental drift.
2.5.1. He is the one who proposed the theory of continental drift. (1)
2.5.2. Convection currents of magma within the mantle. (2)
Plate boundaries that are constantly moving due to the currents. (2)
2.5.3. Accept countries in following continents including, India, Australia:
South America (2)
Africa (2)
2.5.4. Geology and fossils of Africa and South America are similar. (2)
Glacial deposits in Brazil match those in West Africa. (2)
Rock formations along South Africa’s west coastline match those along South
America’s east coastline.(2)
Similar coal deposits are found in the same stratigraphic positions in
Antarctica, South America, India, Africa, and Australia. (2)
Lystrosaurus (which could not swim) fossils are found in Africa, India, and
Antarctica. (2)
[ANY THREE]
[15]

Subtotal [60]
QUESTION 3.

3. SKILLS AND TECHNIQUE

3.1. B
3.2. C
3.3. A
(3)
3.4. 3.8 cm x 50 000 / 100 000 = 1.9 km
4.2 cm x 50 000 / 100 000 = 2.1 km
= 1.9 km x 2.1 km = 3.99 km2
(4)
3.5. 14.3 cm x 10 000 / 100 = 1 430 m
(4)
3.6. INTEPRETATION
3.6.1. Contour lines are closely packed.
(1)
3.6.2. Provides farmers with a wider market; makes it easier to market their
products.
(2)
3.6.3. To land small aircraft.
(2)
3.6.4. 20 meters and 10 meters.
(2)
3.6.5. Irrigation and providing water to the farmers.
(4)

3.7. GIS.
3.7.1. Geographical Information System.
(1)
3.7.2. Point- row of tress; line- other road, hiking trail, non-perennial river, contour
lines.
(2)
3.7.3. Orthophoto map.
(1)
3.7.4. Clear imaging and capturing of information without physical presence.
(1)
3.7.5. People, Method, Data, Software, Hardware.
(3)
Subtotal [30]
Grand total [150]