Mensuration

2D

QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

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Mensuration 2D
Mensuration is mainly divided into three parts:
One is Area, second is Volume and third is Perimeter.

Triangle

Points to Remember
Perimeter = a + b + c
Area of Triangle = [½ × base × height] or
= s  s –a  s – b  s – c 

Here, s is a semi perimeter

Q. Sides of a triangle are 12m, 13m and 11m. Find the area of triangle and height
with respect to the side of 12 cm.

12  13  11 36
A. s    18m
2 2

Area of Δ  s  s –a  s – b  s – c 

Area of Δ = 18×6×5×7

Area of Δ = 6 105 m2

Side = 12 m (base), height = ?

Area of Δ = ½ × base × height
6√105 = ½ × 12 × height
Height = √105 m

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Properties of equilateral triangle

 Properties of equilateral triangle
 All three sides are equal.
 All three angles are 60°

Formulae
 Perimeter = 3 × side = 3a
 Area of equilateral triangle = (√3/4)a2
 Height = Median = (√3/2)a
 Side of a equilateral triangle =
The sum of distances of a point inside a trinagle from all the sides × 2
3

Q. The area of an equilateral triangle is 49√3 m2, find the value of its height and
side?
A. The area of an equilateral triangle = 49√3 m2
(√3/4)a2 = 49√3
a2 = 49 × 4
a = 14 m
Height = (√3/2)a
Height = (√3/2) × 14 = 7√3 m

Q. A point is situated inside equilateral triangle whose distance from three side
are 2√3 m, 7√3 m and 11√3 m, find the area of this triangle.
A. The sum of distance from all the sides = 2√3 + 7√3 + 11√3 = 20√3 m
Side of a equilateral triangle = The sum of distance from all the sides × 2
3
20 3  2
Side of a equilateral triangle =  40 m
3
Area of equilateral = (√3/4)a2
Area of equilateral = (√3/4) × 402 = 400√3 m2

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Properties of isosceles triangle

 Two sides are equal.
 AB = AC

Formula:
 Area of Δ = ½ × base × height
 Perpendicular on unequal side = √[(equal side)2 – (unequal side/2)2]
 AD = √[AC2 – (BC/2)2]

Q. In a isosceles triangle, if the ratio of equal side and unequal side is 5 : 8 and
it’s perimeter is 36 cm. Find the area of this triangle.
A. Let the equal and unequal side be 5x and 8x
Perimeter of this triangle = 5x + 5x + 8x
36 = 18x
x=2
Sides of this triangle are 10 cm, 10 cm and 16 cm
Perpendicular on unequal side = √[102 – (16/2)2] = √[100 – 64]
Perpendicular on unequal side = 6 cm
Area of isosceles triangle = ½ × unequal side × perpendicular on unequal side
Area of isosceles triangle = ½ × 16 × 6 = 48 cm2

Properties of right-angle triangle

 Hypotenous2 = (base)2 + (height)2

 Area = ½ × base × height = ½ × b × p
 Length of Perpendicular at hypotenuse =
height × base
hypotenuse

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Q. The area of a right angle triangle is 30 m and base is 7 m more than height,
find the length of perpendicular on hypotenuse.
A. Let the height of the triangle be x
⇒ Base = x + 7
⇒ Area = ½ × base × height
⇒ 30= ½ × (x + 7) × x
⇒ 60 = x2 + 7x
⇒ x2 + 7x – 60 = 0
⇒ (x + 12) (x – 5) = 0
⇒x=5m
⇒ Base = x + 7 = 12 m
⇒ Hypotenuse2 = (base)2 + (height)2
⇒ Hypotenuse2 = 144 + 25 = 169
⇒ Hypotenuse = 13 m
height × base
⇒Perpendicular on hypotenuse =
hypotenuse
5  12 60
⇒Perpendicular on hypotenuse =  m
13 13
∴ The length of perpendicular on hypotenuse is (60/13) m.

Square

Properties of square
 Opposite sides of a square are both parallel and equal in length.
 The diagonal of a square are equal.
AC = BD
 The diagonals of a square bisect each other and meet at 90°.
AO = OC, BO = OD and ∠BOC = 90°
 All four angles of a square are 90°.

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Formula:
 Perimeter = 4 × side
 Area = (side)2 = ½ × (diameter)
 Diameter = √2 side

Q. Area of a square is 1352 m2. Find the perimeter and the length of diagonal.

A. Area of a square = 1352

(Side)2 = 1352
Side = 26√2 m
Perimeter = 4 × side
Perimeter = 4 × 26√2 = 104√2 m
Length of diagonal = √2 × side
Length of diagonal = √2 × 26√2 = 52 m

Rectangle
Properties of rectangle

 Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal in length.

AB = DC, AD = BC
 Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.
AB ∥ CD, AD ∥ BC
 The diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other.
AO = OC, BO = OD
 All four angles of a square are 90°.

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Formulae:
 Area = l × b
 Perimeter = 2(l + b)
 Diameter = √(l2 + b2)
Here, Length = l, Breadth = b

Q. In a rectangle diagonal is 9 times of its length. Find the ratio of length and
breath.
A. Let the length of rectangle be x
Diagonal = 9x
Diameter = √(l2 + b2)
9x = √(x2 + b2)
x2 + b2 = 81 x2
80 x2 = b2
b = (4√5)x
Length : breath = x : (4√5)x
Length : breath = 1 : 4√5

Parallelogram
 A quadrilateral having opposite sides are
parallel and equal.
AB = DC and AD = BC

AB ∥ DC and AD ∥ BC

 Area of parallelogram ABCD = Base × Altitude

on corresponding base = DC × h1 = BC × h2

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Q. Find the area of parallelogram PQOS given in the figure:

A. ⇒ ∠PSR = ∠QOR = 60

⇒ QR/OR = tan (60)

⇒OR = QR/tan(60)
⇒ OR = 10√3/√3 = 10 cm
⇒ OS = SR – OR = 20 – 10 = 10 cm
⇒ Area of parallelogram = Base × Altitude = 10 × 10√3 = 10 × 17.32 = 173.2 cm2

Rhombus :
 A quadrilateral having all sides equal and their
diagonals are intersect at 90°.
AB = BC = CD = DA

 Area of rhombus
= ½ × product of the lengths of its diagonals
= ½ × d1 × d2

 d1 and d2 are diagonals

 d1  +  d2 
2 2
Side = ½ ×

Q. The side of the rhombus is 20 cm and one of the diagonals of rhombus is 32

cm. Find the area of the rhombus.

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A. Using Pythagoras theorem,

⇒ (side)2 = (1/2 × one diagonal)2 + (1/2 × other diagonal)2
⇒ (1/2 × other diagonal)2 = 202 – (32/2)2
⇒ Other diagonal = 24 cm
Area of rhombus = 1/2 × product of diagonals
= 1/2 × 24 × 32
= 384 sq.cm

Trapezium
 A quadrilateral having a pair of sides is
parallel and unequal.
AB ∥ DC
 Area of trapezium ABCD
= ½ × (sum of its parallel sides) × height
= ½ × (AB + DC) × h

Q. If the area of a trapezium is 250 sq.m and the lengths of the two parallel sides
are 15m and 10 m respectively then distance between the parallel sides of the
trapezium is
A. Given,
Area of trapezium = ½ × sum of parallel sides × distance between them
Given,
⇒ Area of trapezium = 250 sq.m
⇒ Sum of parallel sides = 15 + 10 = 25 m
Then,
⇒ 250 = 1/2 × 25 × distance between them
⇒ Distance between them = 20 m

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Circle
 A circle is a round, two-dimensional shape. All points on
the edge of the circle are at the same distance from the
center.
 O is a center of this circle and OA is radius.
 Diameter = 2 × radius
 Area = π r2
 Perimeter = 2πr = πd

 Perimeter = 4π area
θ
 Length of arc = 360° ×2πr

 Area of sector= θ ×πr 2

360°

Q. The area of a circle is 3850 cm2. What is its circumference (in cm).

A. Area of circle with radius ‘r’ = πr2

⇒ 22/7 × r2 = 3850
⇒ r2 = 1225
⇒ r = √1225 = 35 cm
⇒ Circumference of circle = 2πr = 2 × 22/7 × 35 = 220 cm

Q. The arc of a circle is 27.5 cm and the angle made by arc at the center of the
circle, is 75°, then find the circumference of the circle.
A. The angle made by arc at the center of the circle = 75° = 75 × π/180 = 5π/12
The length of the arc of the circle = 27.5
Now, Angle = Arc/Radius
Radius = Arc/Angle = 27.5/(5π/12)
Radius = (27.5 × 12 × 7)/(5 × 22)
Radius = 21 cm
So, the circumference of the circle = 2 × (22/7) × 21 = 132 cm

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Semi-circle
 Area of semi-circle = ½ π r2
 Perimeter of semi-circle = π r + 2r = (36/7) × r

Q. What will be the area of a semi - circle of perimeter 72 metres?

A. As we know, perimeter of semicircle = πr + 2r = (π + 2)r

Where r = radius of semicircle
(π + 2)r = 72
36/7 × r = 72
⇒ r = 14 m
⇒ Area of semi - circle = ½ × (22/7) × 14 × 14
⇒ Area of semi - circle = 308 m2

Incircle
 It is the circle in side the polygon whose all the sides are tangent to the circle.

2 × area of triangle
 Radius of incircle =
Perimeter of triangle
side
 Radius of incircle of equilateral triangle 
2 3

Q. In a triangle, three sides 5m, 12m and 13m. Find the radius of incirle.

A. Radius of incircle = 2 × area of triangle

Perimeter of triangle
1
2  5  12
Radius of incircle = 2 60
  2m
5  12  13 30

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Circumcircle
 Circle whose circumference touches all the vertices
of the polygon is called circumcircle.
 Circum radius of a triangle = Product of sides/(4 × area of
triangle)
a
 Circum radius of a equilateral triangle =
3

Q. In a triangle, three sides are 5cm, 6cm and 7cm. Find the circumradius of this
triangle.

A. s = (5 + 6 + 7) /2 = 9cm

Area of triangle = s  s  a  s  b  s  c 

Area of triangle = 9  9  5  9  6  9  7 

Area of triangle = 6 6 cm2

Circum radius of a triangle = (5 × 6 × 7)/(4 × 6√6) = 35/4√6 cm

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