ADVANCE NETWORKING REVIEWER MODULE 1-8
Computer Network – a digital Unshielded Twisted Pair – the wire that
telecommunications network that protects against EMI (Electromagnetic
allows nodes to share resources. Interface)
Client – a device that accesses a service Full duplex transmission – both devices
made available by a server. send data at the same time and no
problems like collision will occur.
Server – a device that provides
functions or services for clients. Auto MDI-X – allows devices to
automatically detect which pins their
Switches – provide connectivity to hosts neighbor in transmitting data.
within the same LAN, do not provide
connectivity between LAN/ over the Multimode Fiber – allows longer cables
internet. than UTP but shorter cables than single
mode fiber. Allows multiple angles of
Routers – used to provide connectivity light waves to enter the fiberglass core.
between LAN, used to send data over
the internet. Single-mode Fiber – Light enters at a
single angle from a laser based
Firewalls – known as “Next-Generation transmitter. Allows longer cables than
Firewall” , Can be placed inside or both UTP. More expensive.
outside the network.
Networking models – categorize and
Network firewalls – are hardware provide a structure for networking
devices that filter traffic between protocols and standards.
networks.
Protocols – set of rules defining how
Host based firewalls – are software network devices and software should
applications that filter traffic entering work. Also refers to logical rules about
the exiting a host machine like PC. how the devices should communicate.
Ethernet – a collection of network OSI MODEL – Open system
protocols/standards. A family of wired interconnection model. A conceptual
computers networking technologies model that categorizes and standardizes
commonly used in LAN. the different functions in a network.
Ethernet Standards – defined in the IEEE Application Layer – interacts with
802.3 standards in 1983. (Institute of software applications, for example your
Electrical and Electronics Engineers). web browser. Closest to the end user.
ADVANCE NETWORKING REVIEWER MODULE 1-8
Presentation Layer – to translate Running config – the current, active
between application and network configuration file on the device. As you
formats. enter commands in the CLI, you edit the
active configuration.
Session Layer – controls dialogues
between communicating hosts. Startup Config – configuration file that
will be loaded upon restart the device.
Transport Layer – breaks large pieces of
data into smaller segments which can Preamble – allows device to synchronize
be more easily sent over the network. their receiver clocks. 7byte
Provide host to host communication.
SFD – Start Frame Delimeter. Marks the
Network Layer – provides connectivity end of the preamble and the beginning
between end host on different of the rest of the frame.
networks. Provides logical addressing.
Destination/Source – indicate the
Data Link Layer – provides node to node devices sending and receiving the frame
connectivity and data transfer. Defines
how data is formatted for transmission FCS – Frame Check Sequence. Detects
over a physical medium. corrupted data by running a CRC
algorithm over the received data.
Physical Layer – defines physical
characteristics of the medium used to CRC – cycling redundancy check .
transfer data between devices.
MAC Address – also known as Burned In
All People Seem To Need Data Address (BIA), a physical address
Processing. designed to the device when it is made.
TCP/IP Suite – conceptual model and set Unicast Frame – a frame destined for
of communication protocols used in the single target.
internet and other networks. Used in
modern networks. Unknown Unicast Frame – flood the
frame for all interfaces except for the
Only have 4 layers. Application, sources.
Transport, Internet, Link.
Known Unicast Frame – forward.
CLI – command line interface
Dynamic MAC address – are removed
Router> - is the hostname of the device from the MAC address table after 5
mins of inactivity.
EXEC MODE – commands limited.
ADVANCE NETWORKING REVIEWER MODULE 1-8
Ethernet Frame – Preamble and SFD is Giants – frame that are larger than the
usually not considered part of the maximum frame size.
ethernet header.
Input errors – total of various counters.
ARP – (Address Resolution Protocol).
Used to discover the layer 2 address. Output errors – frames the switch tried
to send but failed due to error.
ARP Request – sent by the device that
wants to know the MAC address of the Routing – a process that routers use to
other device. A broadcast sent to all determine the path the IP packets
host on the network. should take over a network to reach
their destination.
ARP Reply – which is sent to inform the
requesting device of the MAC address. Routers – store routes to all of their
A unicast sent only to one host. known destination in a routing table.
Ping – a network utility that is used to Dynamic routing – routers use dynamic
test reachability. routing protocol. To share routing
information with each other
Router interfaces – have the shutdown automatically and build their routing
command applied by default. tables.
Switch interface – do not have the Static routing – a network
shutdown command applied by default. engineer/admin manually configure
routes on the router.
Half duplex – the device cannot send
and receive data at the same time. Route – tells the router to send a packet
to destination.
Full duplex – the device can send and
receive data at the same time. Next hop – the next router in the path
to the destination.
CSMA/CD – Carrier Multiple Access with
Collision Detection. Default Gateway – also called default
route.
Duplex Autonegotiation – interfaces
that can run at different speeds have LAN – a single broadcast domain,
default setting of speed auto and duplex including all devices that broadcast
auto. domain.
Runts – frames that are smaller than the Broadcast domain – the group of
maximum frame size. devices which will receive a broadcast
name.
ADVANCE NETWORKING REVIEWER MODULE 1-8
Performance – lots of unnecessary
broadcast traffic can reduce network
performance.
Security – limit the access, apply
security policies on a router/firewall.
VLAN – are configured on switches on
per-interfaces basis.
Access port – a switchport which
belongs to a single VLAN. And usually
connects to end host like PCS. untagged
ports
Trunk Port – switchport which carry
multiple VLANS. Tagged ports
ISL – Inter Switch Link. Old cisco
proprietary protocol.
IEEE 802.1Q – called dot1q , industry
standard protocol.
