Management

Definition, Concept, Features

Management defined as all the activities and tasks undertaken for archiving goals by
continuous activities like; planning, organizing, leading and controlling.

Management is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivation and

controlling the human resources, financial, physical, and information resources of an
organization to reach its goals efficiently and effectively.

Concept of Management

A manager needs to understand a few simple ideas to employ the five basic operations. These
concepts are essential to ensure their team comes together to reach the business’ goals:

Control: Employees of an organization need to understand the goals that they are aiming for
as well as the measurement that will be used to determine whether they have been successful.
Different staff members in a company have different roles that entail separate levels of
responsibility. A manager must have control over what the members do, how they do it and
how to measure their progress. Control over these factors helps a manager reach success.

Planning: The best managers know that planning is critical before the implementation of any
strategy, but it is also an ongoing activity. Planning does not end when implementation
begins. Rather, management needs to be prepared to answer the questions of who, what,
when and where a team is working to implement the organization’s mission. Planning should
include selecting objectives as well as implementing them.

Staffing: Staffing is an underappreciated but crucial function of management. Managers need

to ensure that they have the right people for the job, but they also need to pay attention to
issues like organizing workplace policies. The company needs to retain the best talent by
providing incentives such as benefits, paid time off and a thorough training program.

To understand the definition of management and its nature, a threefold concept of

management for emplacing a broader scope for the viewpoint of management.
We can say management is a;

Management is an Economic Factor

For an economist, management is one of the factors of production together with land, labor,
and capital.

As the industrialization of a nation increases, the need for management becomes greater.

The managerial resources of a firm determine, in large measure, its productivity and
profitability. Executive development, therefore, is more important for those firms in a
dynamic industry in which progress is rapid.

Management is a System of Authority

From an administrator’s point of view, management is a system of authority. Historically,

management first developed an authoritarian philosophy.

Later on, it turned paternalistic.

Still, later, constitutional management emerged, characterized by a concern for consistent

policies and procedures for dealing with the working group.

Finally, the trend of management turned towards a democratic and participatory approach.

Modern management is nothing but a synthesis of these four approaches to authority.

Management is a Class and Status System

As viewed by a sociologist, management is a class-and-status system.

The increase in the complexity of relationships in modern society demands that managers
become elite of brain and education.

Entry into this class of executives is being more and more dependent on excellence in
education and knowledge rather than family or political connections.

Some scholars view this development as a “Managerial Revolution”.

But you might have a different point of view about management but the purpose of it remains
static; reach the goal effectively and efficiently.

It is a set of activates directed at an organization’s resources to achieve organizational goals

efficiently and effectively.

The basic managerial functions or activities are planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling.

These activities are undertaken by the managers to combine all resources (human, financial,
physical, information) efficiently and effectively to work toward achieving the goals of the
organization.

So, we can say that the nature of management is;

 Management as a systematic process of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and

controlling. As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning,
organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling.
 The concepts and activities of management apply to all levels of management, as well
as to all types of organizations and activities managed.
 The aim of all managers is universal: to create a surplus.
 Management identifies a special group of people whose job is to direct the effort and
activities of other people towards common objectives.
 Management is concerned with productivity, thereby implying efficiency and
effectiveness. Factors of production of an organization such as labor, capital, land,
equipment, etc. are used efficiently and effectively prepared through management for
achieving organizational goals.
 Management has to pay attention to fulfilling the objectives of the interested parties.
 Management is the art and science of getting work done by other peoples.
 “Maximum results with the minimum of efforts” is the motto of management of any
organization.
Management as a concept has broadened in scope with the introduction of new perspectives
by different fields of study, such as economics, sociology, psychology and the like.

Features of Management

Management is the process of setting and reaching goals effectively and efficiently.
Management process has some qualities or features;

1. Management is Associated with Group Efforts

2. Management is Purposeful
3. Management is Accomplished Through the Efforts of Others
4. Management is Goal-oriented
5. Management is Indispensable
6. Management is Intangible
7. Management can Ensure Better Life
Management is Associated with Group Efforts

It is usual to associate management with a group.

Although people as individuals manage many personal affairs, the group emphasis on
management is universal.

Every enterprise entails the existence of a group to achieve goals. It is now established that
goals are achieved more readily by a group than by any one person alone.

Management is Purposeful
Wherever there is management, there is a purpose. Management deals with the achievement
of something definite expressed as a goal or objective.

Management success is commonly measured by the extent to which objectives are achieved.
Management exists because it is an effective means of getting the necessary work
accomplished.

Management is Accomplished Through the Efforts of Others

Management is sometimes defined as “getting things done through others’ efforts.”

Besides the manager of a firm, there may be accountants, engineers, system analysts,
salesmen and a host of other employees working but it is the manager’s job to integrate all
their activities.

Thus, it can well be said that participation in management necessitates relinquishing the
normal tendency to perform all things oneself and getting tasks accomplished through group
efforts.

Management is Goal-oriented

Managers focus their attention and efforts on bringing about successful action. Successful
managers have an urge for accomplishment.

They know when and where to start, what to do with keeping things moving, and how to
follow a goal-oriented approach.

Management is Indispensable

Management can neither be replaced nor substituted by anything else.

Even the computer which is the wonderful invention of the twentieth century can only aid but
not replace management.

We know that the computer is an extremely powerful tool for management.

It can widen a manager’s vision and sharpen his insight by supplying more and faster
information for making key decisions.

The computer has enabled the manager to conduct analysis far beyond the normal analytical
capacities of man.

But what happens, in reality, is that the computer can neither work by itself nor can it pass
any judgment.
The manager plays his/her role by providing judgment and imagination as well as interpreting
and evaluating what the information/data mean in each case.

Management is Intangible

Management is often called the unseen force; its presence is evidenced by the results of its
efforts – motivation among employees, discipline in the group, high productivity, adequate
surplus, etc.

Conversely, the identity of management may also be felt by its absence or by the presence of
its direct opposite mismanagement. The consequence of mismanagement is anybody’s guess.

Management can Ensure Better Life

A manager can do much to improve the work environment, stimulate people to perform
better, achieve progress, bring hope and accomplish better things in life.

The study of management has evolved into more than just the use of means to achieve ends;
today it includes moral and ethical questions concerning the selection of the right ends
towards which managers should strive.

Management is the science and art of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and
objectives by coordinating and integrating all available resources efficiently and effectively.