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Power Transformer Vs Distribution Transformer

Power transformers are used for high voltage transmission between generators and distribution networks, while distribution transformers step down voltage for local use. Power transformers operate near full load with high efficiency, whereas distribution transformers operate at lower efficiency and smaller sizes. Various types of transformers exist, including single-phase, three-phase, berry-type, core-type, and shell-type transformers, each serving specific applications in electrical distribution.

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10 views4 pages

Power Transformer Vs Distribution Transformer

Power transformers are used for high voltage transmission between generators and distribution networks, while distribution transformers step down voltage for local use. Power transformers operate near full load with high efficiency, whereas distribution transformers operate at lower efficiency and smaller sizes. Various types of transformers exist, including single-phase, three-phase, berry-type, core-type, and shell-type transformers, each serving specific applications in electrical distribution.

Uploaded by

fhkjgfhkkjnngh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power Transformer Vs Distribution Transformer

Point Power Transformer Distribution Transformer

Power transformers are electrical instruments A distribution transformer is also introduced


used in transmitting electrical power from one as a typical form of an isolation transformer.
circuit to another without changing the frequency.
They operate by the principle of electromagnetic The basic function of this transformer is to
induction. They are used in transmitting electrical modify the high voltage to the standard
power between generators and distribution output like 240/120 V to apply in electric
Definition primary circuits. Power transformers are used to energy distribution. There are various forms of
step up or step down the voltage in distribution transformers available in the distribution
networks. Since they have no rotating or moving
parts, these instruments are considered static system, such as single-phase, three-phase,
devices. These instruments work based on an pad-mounted, underground, and pole-
alternating current (AC) electrical system. mounted distribution transformers.

Uses Used in generating stations as a step up 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛
transformer, and in transmission substations as a 33 𝑘𝑉 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 380/220𝑉 𝑖𝑛
step down (at 500 kV132 kV 66 kV 33 kV) 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛
Size 𝐵𝑖𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒

Full load Near full load operation (100% full load) 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 60 − 70% 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑦
operation
Efficiency • High (98 − 99%) • 𝐿𝑜𝑤 (50 − 70%)
• Efficiency = output power k/ input power (kW) • 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐
= 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟
/ 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝐾𝑊ℎ𝑟)𝑖𝑛 24ℎ𝑟𝑠

Tap • On − load tap changer • 𝑂𝑓𝑓 − 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑝 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟


• Points: 17 points and more • 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠: 3 − 5 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
changer • Operation: automatic using separate control • 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒)
• Media surrounding the taps: oil filled cylinder for 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟
arc extinguish placed in parallel to the windings • 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑠: 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑖𝑙
• 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑝
• Arc extinguish occurring during tap change: Oil 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒: 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒
Protection • Buchholz replay (‫)الغازية الوقاية جهاز‬ • 𝐻𝑅𝐶 𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑒
• Explosion vent pressure relief ‫االنفجار فتحة‬ • 𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝐵𝑢𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑧 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑
• Temperature indicators 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
• Oil level gauges 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 500 𝑘𝑉𝐴
• Lighting arrestors
• Differential protection/over current/ over flux/
restricted earth fault
Types of power Transformer:

 Single Phase:

These transformers are particularly employed for applications


wherever a three-phase source is not needed. Typically, these are
utilized for repairing overhead distribution powers in residential
cases. These are also applicable in light commercial loads, industrial
lighting, and power applications.

 Three phase:

This type of distribution transformer is used to keep electrical energy from


the basic distribution network to a minor distribution user. This form of
transformer sends the current to a secondary distribution case and also
decreases the voltage of the primary component. These types decrease the
voltage source for the primary network according to the user requirement.

Types of power Transformer:

 Berry-Type Transformers:

Berry-type transformers have the core arranged like


spokes of a wheel. They have distributed magnetic
circuits and contain more than two independent
magnetic circuits.

 Core-Type Transformers

In core-type transformers, the primary and secondary


windings surround the core. The core of these
transformers is constructed by joining two L-shaped
steel strips and stacking them to form the layer. To
avoid high reluctance at the joints, the strips are
arranged such that continuous joints are eliminated.
The limbs and the yoke carry the whole of the flux.

Shell-Type Transformers

In shell-type transformers, the core surrounds the


primary and secondary windings. The core of these
transformers is constructed by joining E-shaped and I-shaped steel strips and stacking them to
form the layer. The central limb carries the whole of the magnetic flux, and the side limbs carry half
of the flux.

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