CSV Project Report
CSV Project Report
ON
Distance Measurement Using Ultrasonic Sensor in Gandhi
Nagar
A project report submitted in the partial fulfillment of
Requirements for the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Name of the Student: R. Satya Sekhar
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CERTIFICATE FROM OFFICIAL OF THE COMMUNITY
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PRASAD V POTLURI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Autonomous & Permanent Affiliation to JNTUK-Kakinada, AICTE approved
An NBA & NAAC accredited and ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution
KANURU, VIJAYAWADA – 520007
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
3
STUDENT’s DECLARATION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel elated to thank my Professor and Head of the Department, Dr. A. Jayalakshmi
for all the support and encouragement you’ve shown me in completion of community
service project work.
I also thankful for my project in-charge Dr. Ravuri Daniel, Assistant Professor,
Computer Science & Engineering, for their constant encouragement and valuable
recommendations throughout the course of the project work.
It is with the immense pleasure that I would like to express my indebted gratitude to
my guide Ms. Y. Surekha(M.Tech, PhD), Assistant Professor, Computer Science &
Engineering, who has guided and encouraged me a lot in every step of the project
work.
I am very much grateful to all the staff and faculty of the department of CSE for their
cooperation during the course of project work.
I also like to express my sincere thanks to each and every one of college staff, who
have contributed their help and guidance for the successful completion of the project.
Project Associate
R. Satya Sekhar(21501A05E8)
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CONTENT Page No.
Certificate From Official of the Community ii
Certificate iii
Student’s Declaration iv
Acknowledgement v
List of Figures vii
Chapter 1: Executive Summary 1
Chapter 2: Overview of the Community 2
Chapter 3: Community Service Part 4
Chapter 4 Activity Log 5
4.1 Activity Log of First Week 5
4.1.1 Detailed Weekly Report 6
4.2 Activity Log of Second Week 7
4.2.1 Detailed Weekly Report 8
4.3 Activity Log Of Third Week 9
4.3.1 Detailed Weekly Report 10
4.4 Activity Log of Fourth Week 11
4.4.1 Detailed Weekly Report 12
4.5 Activity Log of Fifth Week 13
4.5.1 Detailed Weekly Report 14
4.6 Activity Log of Sixth Week 15
4.6.1 Detailed Weekly Report 16
Chapter 5: Outcomes Description 17
Report of the Mini-Project Work Done in the Related 18
Subject w.r.t the Habitation/Village
Chapter 6: Recommendations and Conclusions of the Mini Project 29
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LIST OF FIGURES Page No.
sri durga malleswara swamy varla Devasthanam 2(Fig 1.1)
Undavalli Caves 2(Fig 1.2)
Gunadala Matha Church 3(Fig 1.3)
Gandhi Park 3(Fig 1.4)
Arduino UNO 19
Ultrasonic Sensor 20
16×2 LCD Display 20
I2C Module 20
Bread Board 21
Jumper Wires 21
Arduino IDE Software 22
Block Diagram 22
Circuit Diagram 23
Experimental Results 24,25
Photos 32
I have visited Gandhi nagar, a village in Vijayawada, and came to know that
the village have major accidents recorded and reported. And a major problem noticed
during the pandemic time of Covid is that distance between person to person (i.e., 6ft)
is ignored. Due to this many cases are recorded.
We consider these issues and wanted to bring a solution for this. And a simple
solution is Distance measurement using Ultrasonic Sensor. An ultrasonic Sensor is a
device used to measure the distance between the sensor and an object without
physical contact. This device works based on time-to-distance conversion.
Ultrasonic sensors are great tools to measure distance and detect objects
without any actual contact with the physical world. This is an efficient way to
measure small distances precisely. In this project, we have used the HC-SR04
Ultrasonic sensor with Arduino to determine the distance of an obstacle from the
sensor. The basic principle of ultrasonic distance measurement is based on ECHO.
When sound waves are transmitted in the environment then waves return back to the
origin as ECHO after striking on the obstacle. So we only need to calculate the
traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and returning time to origin after
striking on the obstacle. As the speed of the sound is known to us, after some
calculation we can calculate the distance.
OBJECTIVES:
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About the Community/Village/Habitation including historical profile of The
community / habitation, community diversity, traditions, ethics and values. Brief note
on Socio-Economic conditions of the Community/Habitation.
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Fig 1.3 Gunadala Matha Church
The one and only national highway that could reach Gandhi nagar is Nationa
High Way : NH65. The Rivers near Gandhi nagar is river Krishna. Demographics of
Gandhi Nagar: Telugu is the Local Language here.
There are many transportation ways to reach Gandhi nagar. They are:
By Rail: Gunadala Rail Way Station , Madhura Nagar Rail Way Station are the very
nearby railway station to Gandhi Nagar, Gandhi Nagar.
By Road: Vijayawada are the nearby by towns to Vijayawada Rural having road
connectivity to Vijayawada Rural and Gandhi Nagar, Gandhi Nagar
By Bus: Govt.Press/Vja APSRTC Bus Station , S.R.R.College/Vja APSRTC Bus
Station , Gunadala APSRTC Bus Station are the nearby by Bus Stations to Gandhi
Nagar, Gandhi Nagar .APSRTC runs Number of busses from major cities to here.
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CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE PART
They were very hopelessly been sharing their problems with which one can
felt speechless. I also observed hospital with may people effected with covid in the
village. People are adjusting their lives with what they get and are creating their own
alternatives to avoid seasonal diseases. I visited the hospital and observed the various
departments of the hospital. I collected the information regarding the problems people
have been facing. They also mentioned an incident in common which is tragedic due
to lack of proper Safety and Distance between the patients.
And so I decided to provide them with a good level of Safety in their village
by developing “DISTANCE MEASUREMENT USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR”.
The idea was to design and implement a Ultrasonic sensors are great tools to measure
distance and detect objects without any actual contact with the physical world. This is
an efficient way to measure small distances precisely.
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CHAPTER 4: ACTIVITY LOG
Day –6 Scope and significance of the work Identified the horizon of the
03.12.2022 solution.
WEEKLY REPORT
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WEEK – 1 (from 28/11/2022 to 03/12/2022)
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4.2 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK
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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 2 (from 05/12/2022 to 10/12/2022)
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4.3 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK
Day Person In-
Brief description of the daily Learning
& Charge
activity Outcome
Date Signature
Day – 1
System design/architecture/framework Circuit Designing
12.12.2022
Day – 2 Circuit Designing and
Design of Hardware/Software modules
13.12.2022 Programming
Day – 3 Circuit Designing and
Design of Hardware/Software modules
14.12.2022 Programming
Day – 4 Circuit Designing and
15.12.2022 Design of Hardware/Software modules
Programming
Day – 5 Methodology (detailed description of Fixing of hardware
16.12.2022 the working of the project) components
Day –6 Methodology (detailed description of Uploading code in
17.12.2022 the working of the project) Software applications
WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 3 (from 12/12/2022 to 17/12/2022)
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4.4 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK
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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 4 (from 19/12/2022 to 24/12/2022)
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4.5 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK
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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 5 (from 26/12/2022 to 31/12/2022)
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4.6 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK
Day – 2
Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation
17.01.2023
Day – 3
18.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation
Day – 4
19.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation
Day – 5
20.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation
Day –6
21.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation
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WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 6 (from 16/01/2023 to 21/01/2023)
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CHAPTER 5: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION
Details of the Socio-Economic Survey of the Village/Habitation Attach the
questionnaire prepared for the survey.
Q. How far are you satisfied with the maintenance of the Bank?
Q. How far are you satisfied with the security system of the Bank?
Q. How far are you satisfied with the security system of the Bank?
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Describe the problems you have identified in the community
Parking slots and area are unorganized and vehicles are parked even in non-
parking areas . Distance between the vehicles is very less, this might cause accidents.
The bank is crowded sometimes which is not safe because of sanitary issues. Even for
making small changes people are spending hours in the bank.
The common resources are not available near the bank .The name of bank is not
labeled clearly which causes confusion to find the required address. Waiting areas are
not great, it is not convenient for people who have to wait a long time.
Short-term and long-term action plan for possible solutions for the problems
identified and that could be recommended to the concerned authorities for
implementation.
Some clear and organized area or places are needed to be established to
maintain proper parking methods. A strict observation is needed to avoid the parking
in non- parking areas.
Sensors can be used to measure the distance between vehicles in the parking areas so
the accidents can be avoided.
Automatic systems like automatic doors can be implemented so that it is more
sanitary.
Awareness needs to be provided so people do not need to visit banks for small
requirements which can be done online easily.
The bank name should be labelled at the entrances of the streets and areas. So that it
will be easy to locate the address.
Report of the mini-project work done in the related subject w.r.t the
habitation/village.
A mini-project work in the related subject w.r.t the habitation/village. (For ex., a
student of Botany may do a project on Organic Farming or Horticulture or usage of
biofertilizers or biopesticides or effect of the inorganic pesticides, etc. A student of
Zoology may do a project on Aquaculture practices or animal husbandry or poultry or
health and hygiene or Blood group analysis or survey on the Hypertension or survey
on the prevalence of diabetes, etc.
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The Report shall be limited to 8-10 pages.
Ultrasonic sensors are great tools to measure distance and detect objects
without any actual contact with the physical world. This is an efficient way to
measure small distances precisely. In this project, we have used the HC-SR04
ULTRASONIC SENSOR WITH ARDUINO to determine the distance of an obstacle
from the sensor. The basic principle of ultrasonic distance measurement is based on
ECHO. When sound waves are transmitted in the environment then waves return back
to the origin as ECHO after striking on the obstacle.
We only need to calculate the traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and
returning time to origin after striking on the obstacle. As the speed of the sound is
known to us, after some calculation we can calculate the distance.
CONNECTIONS:
Trig and Echo pins of the ultrasonic sensor are connected to digital pin 3 & 2
of Arduino.
VCC pin of the ultrasonic sensor is connected to the 5v pin of Arduino.
The GND pin is connected to the GND of Arduino.
SDA & SCL pin of the I2C module is connected to the A4 & A5 pin of Arduino.
While VCC and GND pins are connected to the 5V & GND pin of Arduino.
WORKING EXPLANATION:
The ultrasonic sensor emits a high-frequency sound pulse and calculates the
distance depending upon the time taken by the echo signal to travel back after
reflecting from the desired target. The speed of sound is 341 meters per second in air.
After the distance is calculated, it will be displayed on the LCD display.
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There are many types of Arduino distance sensors, but in this project we have
used the HC-SR04 to measure distance in range of 2cm-400cm with an accuracy of
3mm. The sensor module consists of an ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and control
circuit. The working principle of ultrasonic sensor is as follows:
High level signal is sent for 10us using Trigger.
The module sends eight 40 KHz signals automatically, and then detects whether pulse
is received or not.
If the signal is received, then it is through high level. The time of high duration is the
time gap between sending and receiving the signal.
Distance= (Time x Speed of Sound in Air (340 m/s))/2
OBJECTIVES:
Ultrasonic sensors can measure the distance to a wide range of objects regardless
of shape, colour or surface texture. They are also able to measure an approaching or
receding object. By using “non-contact” ultrasonic sensors, distances can be
measured without damage to the object.
REQUIREMENTS
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Arduino Uno
Ultrasonic Sensor Module
16x2 LCD
I2c module
Bread board
Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
1) ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header and a reset button
main components: the transmitter (which emits the sound using piezoelectric
crystals) and the receiver (which encounters the sound after it has travelled to and
from the target).
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3) 16x2 LCD AND I2C MODULE:
This 2×16 character LCD Module with BLUE Backlight uses an I2C
interface to communicate with the host microcontroller. This budget-conscious LCD
is used on projects requiring the display of text, data, or ASCII characters of all types.
4) BREAD BOARD:
A breadboard (sometimes called a plugblock) is used for building
temporary circuits. It is useful to designers because it allows components to be
removed and replaced easily. It is useful to the person who wants to build a circuit to
demonstrate its action, then to reuse the components in another circuit.
5) JUMPER WIRES:
A jumper wire is an electric wire that connects remote electric circuits
used for printed circuit boards. By attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be
short-circuited and short-cut (jump) to the electric circuit.
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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
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SYSTEM DESIGN (BLOCK DIAGRAM)
CODE MODULES:
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#include <Wire.h> // Library for I2C communication
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> // Library for LCD
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd = LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x3F, 16, 2); // Change to (0x27,16,2) for
16x2 LCD.my address is (0x3F)
long distance;
long distanceInch;
long duration;
void setup(){
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" WELCOME TO");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" MKINVENTIONS");
delay(2000);
}
void loop() {
ULTRASONIC();
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("DISTANCE CM:");
lcd.print(distance);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("DISTANCE INCH:");
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lcd.print(distanceInch);
// lcd.setCursor(0,1);
// lcd.print("DISTANCE MM:");
// lcd.print(distanceInch);
}
void ULTRASONIC(){
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(2000);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = duration*0.034/2;
distanceInch = duration*0.0133/2;
}
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS:
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CONCLUSION AND LIMITATIONS:
CONCLUSION:
LIMITATIONS:
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• Cannot work in a vacuum.
ADVANTAGES:
APPLICATIONS:
• It is used in public places like parks, ticket counters, banks, bus and railway
stations etc.
• Used to measure the obstacle distance.
• This system used in automotive parking sensors and obstacle warning
systems.
• Used in terrain monitoring robots.
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CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
Banking is an integral part of the whole financial system. It affects the country's
economy by providing investment, credit, and infrastructure. The banking industry is
the backbone of global economies. The banking sector plays a significant role in the
economic growth and development of any country. The 5 most important banking
services are checking and savings accounts, loan and mortgage services, wealth
management, providing Credit and Debit Cards, Overdraft services. A lot of people
visit banks, they are always crowded which causes sanitary issues and parking
problems.
The range can be considerably increased by using high power device circuit.
Using temperature compensation , it can be used over wide temperature range. The
resolution of the measurement can be improved by incorporating phase shift method
along with time of flight method. Can be used as parking assistance system in
vehicles with high power ultrasonic transmitter. The 40kHz signal can be generated
using microcontroller itself which will reduce hardware.
With the help of a IoT projects we can measures the distance between vehicles
while parking so it does not lead to any accidents and automatic systems can be
implemented to make the place more sanitary like automatic doors.
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5
PHOTOS
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