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CSV Project Report

The document is a project report by R. Satya Sekhar, submitted for a Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering, detailing a community service project focused on distance measurement using an ultrasonic sensor in Gandhi Nagar. The project aimed to address safety issues related to social distancing, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, by implementing a non-contact distance measurement solution. The report includes certificates, acknowledgments, an executive summary, community overview, activity logs, and outcomes of the project conducted over six weeks from November 28, 2022, to January 21, 2023.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views40 pages

CSV Project Report

The document is a project report by R. Satya Sekhar, submitted for a Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering, detailing a community service project focused on distance measurement using an ultrasonic sensor in Gandhi Nagar. The project aimed to address safety issues related to social distancing, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, by implementing a non-contact distance measurement solution. The report includes certificates, acknowledgments, an executive summary, community overview, activity logs, and outcomes of the project conducted over six weeks from November 28, 2022, to January 21, 2023.

Uploaded by

21501a05e9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 40

COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

ON
Distance Measurement Using Ultrasonic Sensor in Gandhi
Nagar
A project report submitted in the partial fulfillment of
Requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Name of the Student: R. Satya Sekhar

Registration Number: 21501A05E8

Year of Study: II B.Tech

Name of the College: Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology

Period of CSP: 6 weeks From: 28/11/2022 To: 21/01/2023

Under the Guidance of


Ms. Y. Surekha(M.Tech, PhD), Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology
(Permanently affiliated to JNTU: Kakinada, Approved by AICTE)
(An NBA &NAAC A+ accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified Institution)
Kanuru, Vijayawada -520007
2022-2023

1
CERTIFICATE FROM OFFICIAL OF THE COMMUNITY

This is to certify that the community service project entitled “Distance


Measurement Using Ultrasonic Sensor in Gandhi Nagar” is submitted by
R. Satya Sekhar(21501A05E8), Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology underwent
community service in Gandhi Nagar from 28/11/2022 to 21/01/2023.

The overall performance of the Community Service Volunteer during his/her


community service is found to be_________________(Satisfactory/Good).

Authorized Signatory with Date and Seal

2
PRASAD V POTLURI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Autonomous & Permanent Affiliation to JNTUK-Kakinada, AICTE approved
An NBA & NAAC accredited and ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution
KANURU, VIJAYAWADA – 520007
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the community service project entitled “Distance

Measurement Using Ultrasonic Sensor in Gandhi Nagar” is submitted by R.

Satya Sekhar(21501A05E8), II B.Tech I semester in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in COMPUTER

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING and underwent community service in Gandhi

Nagar from 28/11/2022 to 21/01/2023 (6 Weeks) in the academic year 2022-2023.

The report submitted on: 30-01-2023.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD


Ms. Y. Surekha, Dr. A. Jayalakshmi,
Assistant Professor, Professor & HOD,
Dept. of CSE, PVPSIT. Dept. of CSE, PVPSIT.

3
STUDENT’s DECLARATION

I, R. Satya Sekhar, a student of B.Tech Program, Reg. No. 21501A05E8 of the

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha

Institute of Technology do hereby declare that I have completed the mandatory

community service from 28/11/2022 to 21/01/2023 in Gandhi Nagar under the

guidance of Ms. Y. Surekha, Associate Professor, Department of Computer

Science and Engineering, PVPSIT.

Signature and Date


R. Satya Sekhar(21501A05E8)

4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to Government of


Andhra Pradesh and JNTUK Kakinada for initiation of community service project.
I would especially like to thank Mr. P. Srinivasu (Gandhi nagar bank manager)
for advice, support and encouragement in completing the community service project
work.
I wanted to take a moment to thank my beloved Principal, Dr. K. Sivaji Babu for
arranging all the facilities and resources needed for the project work

I feel elated to thank my Professor and Head of the Department, Dr. A. Jayalakshmi
for all the support and encouragement you’ve shown me in completion of community
service project work.

I also thankful for my project in-charge Dr. Ravuri Daniel, Assistant Professor,
Computer Science & Engineering, for their constant encouragement and valuable
recommendations throughout the course of the project work.

It is with the immense pleasure that I would like to express my indebted gratitude to
my guide Ms. Y. Surekha(M.Tech, PhD), Assistant Professor, Computer Science &
Engineering, who has guided and encouraged me a lot in every step of the project
work.

I am very much grateful to all the staff and faculty of the department of CSE for their
cooperation during the course of project work.

I also like to express my sincere thanks to each and every one of college staff, who
have contributed their help and guidance for the successful completion of the project.

At last, a special thanks to my family. Words cannot express how grateful I am to my


family members for their support during my project work.

Project Associate
R. Satya Sekhar(21501A05E8)

5
CONTENT Page No.
Certificate From Official of the Community ii
Certificate iii
Student’s Declaration iv
Acknowledgement v
List of Figures vii
Chapter 1: Executive Summary 1
Chapter 2: Overview of the Community 2
Chapter 3: Community Service Part 4
Chapter 4 Activity Log 5
4.1 Activity Log of First Week 5
4.1.1 Detailed Weekly Report 6
4.2 Activity Log of Second Week 7
4.2.1 Detailed Weekly Report 8
4.3 Activity Log Of Third Week 9
4.3.1 Detailed Weekly Report 10
4.4 Activity Log of Fourth Week 11
4.4.1 Detailed Weekly Report 12
4.5 Activity Log of Fifth Week 13
4.5.1 Detailed Weekly Report 14
4.6 Activity Log of Sixth Week 15
4.6.1 Detailed Weekly Report 16
Chapter 5: Outcomes Description 17
Report of the Mini-Project Work Done in the Related 18
Subject w.r.t the Habitation/Village
Chapter 6: Recommendations and Conclusions of the Mini Project 29

6
LIST OF FIGURES Page No.
sri durga malleswara swamy varla Devasthanam 2(Fig 1.1)
Undavalli Caves 2(Fig 1.2)
Gunadala Matha Church 3(Fig 1.3)
Gandhi Park 3(Fig 1.4)
Arduino UNO 19
Ultrasonic Sensor 20
16×2 LCD Display 20
I2C Module 20
Bread Board 21
Jumper Wires 21
Arduino IDE Software 22
Block Diagram 22
Circuit Diagram 23
Experimental Results 24,25
Photos 32

CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


7
The community service report shall have only a one-page executive summary. It shall
include a brief description of the Community and summary of all the activities done
by the student in CSP and five or more learning objectives and outcomes.

I have visited Gandhi nagar, a village in Vijayawada, and came to know that
the village have major accidents recorded and reported. And a major problem noticed
during the pandemic time of Covid is that distance between person to person (i.e., 6ft)
is ignored. Due to this many cases are recorded.

We consider these issues and wanted to bring a solution for this. And a simple
solution is Distance measurement using Ultrasonic Sensor. An ultrasonic Sensor is a
device used to measure the distance between the sensor and an object without
physical contact. This device works based on time-to-distance conversion.

Ultrasonic sensors are great tools to measure distance and detect objects
without any actual contact with the physical world. This is an efficient way to
measure small distances precisely. In this project, we have used the HC-SR04
Ultrasonic sensor with Arduino to determine the distance of an obstacle from the
sensor. The basic principle of ultrasonic distance measurement is based on ECHO.
When sound waves are transmitted in the environment then waves return back to the
origin as ECHO after striking on the obstacle. So we only need to calculate the
traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and returning time to origin after
striking on the obstacle. As the speed of the sound is known to us, after some
calculation we can calculate the distance.

OBJECTIVES:

Ultrasonic sensors can measure the distance to a wide range of objects


regardless of shape, colour or surface texture. They are also able to measure an
approaching or receding object. By using “non-contact” ultrasonic sensors, distances
can be measured without damage to the object.

CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY

8
About the Community/Village/Habitation including historical profile of The
community / habitation, community diversity, traditions, ethics and values. Brief note
on Socio-Economic conditions of the Community/Habitation.

Gandhi Nagar or Gandhinagar, also Gandhinagaram, is a major commercial


area of Vijayawada in NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located
in Gandhi Nagar mandal of Vijayawada revenue division. Vijayawada railway station
was located here, as is the Pushparam Ghat reservoir, built in 1962.
The locality Gandhi Nagar falls in Krishna District situated in Andhra Pradesh
State, with a population 30662. The male and female populations are 15376 and
15286 respectively. The size of the area is about 0.95 square Kilometer.
The tourist attraction places near Gandhi nagar are Sri Durga Malleswara
Swamy Varla Devasthanam, Undavalli Caves, Gunadala Matha Church, Gandhi Park,
Akkanna Madanna Caves, Sri Ramalingeswara Swamy Vari Devasthanam, Buddha
Dharma Chakra.

Fig1.1 sri durga


malleswara swamy varla Devasthanam

Fig 1.2 Undavalli


Caves

9
Fig 1.3 Gunadala Matha Church

Fig 1.4 Gandhi Park

The one and only national highway that could reach Gandhi nagar is Nationa
High Way : NH65. The Rivers near Gandhi nagar is river Krishna. Demographics of
Gandhi Nagar: Telugu is the Local Language here.

There are many transportation ways to reach Gandhi nagar. They are:
By Rail: Gunadala Rail Way Station , Madhura Nagar Rail Way Station are the very
nearby railway station to Gandhi Nagar, Gandhi Nagar.
By Road: Vijayawada are the nearby by towns to Vijayawada Rural having road
connectivity to Vijayawada Rural and Gandhi Nagar, Gandhi Nagar
By Bus: Govt.Press/Vja APSRTC Bus Station , S.R.R.College/Vja APSRTC Bus
Station , Gunadala APSRTC Bus Station are the nearby by Bus Stations to Gandhi
Nagar, Gandhi Nagar .APSRTC runs Number of busses from major cities to here.

10
CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE PART

Description of the Activities undertaken in the Community during the Community


Service Project. This part could end by reflecting on what kind of values, life skills,
and technical skills the student acquired.

I visited many public places where people actively interacted with me by


saying their village history and sharing many challenges they have faced in their life
and the secrets underlying in the history of Gandhi nagar. People in this village
received me with so much of affection which left me mesmerized. Interaction with the
public made me understand the living standards of common people.

They were very hopelessly been sharing their problems with which one can
felt speechless. I also observed hospital with may people effected with covid in the
village. People are adjusting their lives with what they get and are creating their own
alternatives to avoid seasonal diseases. I visited the hospital and observed the various
departments of the hospital. I collected the information regarding the problems people
have been facing. They also mentioned an incident in common which is tragedic due
to lack of proper Safety and Distance between the patients.

And so I decided to provide them with a good level of Safety in their village
by developing “DISTANCE MEASUREMENT USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR”.
The idea was to design and implement a Ultrasonic sensors are great tools to measure
distance and detect objects without any actual contact with the physical world. This is
an efficient way to measure small distances precisely.

11
CHAPTER 4: ACTIVITY LOG

4.1 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

Day Person In-


Brief description of the daily Learning
& Charge
Activity Outcome
Date Signature
Selection/Identification of historical Observed the historical
Day – 1
profile of the village /community / profile of Gandhi nagar
28.11.2022
habitation habitation.
Selection/Identification of historical Observed the historical
Day – 2
profile of the village /community / profile of Gandhi nagar
29.11.2022
habitation habitation.
Identification of the problem(s) Interacted with the
Day – 3 community people and
30.11.2022 identified the problems
facing by the community.
Data collection and statistics related Collected data on
Day – 4
to village /community / habitation population, public places,
01.12.2022
and other popular areas.
Solution to the problem Exploring the new
Day – 5
possibilities of a problem.
02.12.2022

Day –6 Scope and significance of the work Identified the horizon of the
03.12.2022 solution.

WEEKLY REPORT

12
WEEK – 1 (from 28/11/2022 to 03/12/2022)

Objective of the Activity Done: Problem identification and solution


Detailed Report:
Firstly, I made a survey to choose a community. Thereby , I found Gandhi nagar
which is located in Vijayawada. I interacted with many people in Gandhi nagar and collected
information about their problems. They were very hopelessly been sharing their problems
with which one can felt speechless. And then I started exploring different ways to new
possibilities of a problem.
And so I decided to provide them with a good level of Safety in their village by
developing “DISTANCE MEASUREMENT USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR”. The idea
was to design and implement a Ultrasonic sensors are great tools to measure distance and
detect objects without any actual contact with the physical world. This is an efficient way to
measure small distances precisely.
There are many advantages with this “Distance measurement using ultrasonic
sensor” which are mentioned as follows:
• Not affected by color or transparency of objects, Can be used in dark
environments, low cost option, Not highly affected by dust, dirt, or high-moisture
environments.
• They have greater accuracy than many other methods at measuring thickness and
distance to a parallel surface
• Their high frequency, sensitivity, and penetrating power make it easy to detect
external or deep objects.
• Our ultrasonic sensors are easy to use and not dangerous during operation to
nearby objects, people or equipment.
• Our sensors easily interface with microcontrollers or any type of controller.

13
4.2 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

Day Person In-


Brief description of the daily Learning
& Charge
activity Outcome
Date Signature
Day – 1 Identification of different Studied about the requirements
05.12.2022 requirements. by analyzing the solution.
Day – 2 Identification of different Studied about the requirements
06.12.2022 requirements. by analyzing the solution.
Specifications of Hardware design was made or
Day – 3
Hardware/Software established.
07.12.2022
requirements
Specifications of Hardware design was made or
Day – 4
Hardware/Software established.
08.12.2022
requirements
Examined system’s operation
Day – 5 Specifications of Functional/ capabilities and constrains and
09.12.2022 Non-functional requirements attempt was done to improve its
functionality.
Examined system’s operation
Day –6 Specifications of Functional/ capabilities and constrains and
10.12.2022 Non-functional requirements attempt was done to improve its
functionality.

14
WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 2 (from 05/12/2022 to 10/12/2022)

Objective of the Activity Done: Gathering of requirements


Detailed Report:
After knowing the problem and attained solution I started to study about the
requirements that can be used in order to implement the solution successfully. In this process
I identified different requirements / resources that are required . I examined the components
and their usage and studied the specifications of Hardware / Software requirements.

To develop Distance Measurement Using Ultrasonic Sensor. The main component


in ULTRASONIC SENSOR it’s main function of Ultrasonic Sensor is as the name indicates,
Ultrasonic / level sensors measure distance by using Ultrasonic waves. ARDUINO UNO ,it
is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P(datasheet). LCD Display 16×2 is used
to display the numerical value of distance in centimeters. To connect the Sensor and Arduino
we used jumper wires which are of different types. And we will use Bread board to connect
all this components. Arduino IDE is used for writing the program. It connects to the Arduino
hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.

15
4.3 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK
Day Person In-
Brief description of the daily Learning
& Charge
activity Outcome
Date Signature
Day – 1
System design/architecture/framework Circuit Designing
12.12.2022
Day – 2 Circuit Designing and
Design of Hardware/Software modules
13.12.2022 Programming
Day – 3 Circuit Designing and
Design of Hardware/Software modules
14.12.2022 Programming
Day – 4 Circuit Designing and
15.12.2022 Design of Hardware/Software modules
Programming
Day – 5 Methodology (detailed description of Fixing of hardware
16.12.2022 the working of the project) components
Day –6 Methodology (detailed description of Uploading code in
17.12.2022 the working of the project) Software applications
WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 3 (from 12/12/2022 to 17/12/2022)

Objective of the Activity Done: System Design


Detailed Report:
System design is the phase that bridges the gap between problem domain and the
existing system in a manageable way. System design can be classified into six parts : Identify
design goals, system decomposition, identification of concurrency, hardware allocation, data
management, software control implementation. After getting an idea on components, I
started to focus on Design and development of components which plays an important role in
order to make our design / model effective.
I used arduino uno board in order to establish connection to Ultrasonic sensor and
found a way to upload code in it. Arduino uno is used to control the flow of information
between the hardware components and it supplies the power to the remaining components.
The logical architecture can be broken into three parts : hardware, application and
communication architecture. In this the 5v of Arduino is connected to vcc of both LCD
display and ultrasonic sensor, ground pin in Arduino is connected to ground pin of ultrasonic
sensor and as well as Lcd display. The trig pin of Ultrasonic sensor is connected to analog A0
pin in Arduino ,the echo pin in Ultrasonic sensor is connected to analog A1 pin in Arduino.
SDA,SCL pins of Lcd display is connected to A4,A5 analog pins of Arduino. Program code
is uploaded into the sensor and uno board to set the conditions of the components

8
4.4 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK

Day Person In-


Brief description of the daily Learning
& Charge
activity Outcome
Date Signature
Day – 1 Implementation of hardware/
19.12.2022 Technical Skills
software
Day – 2 Implementation of hardware/
Technical Skills
20.12.2022 software
Day – 3 Implementation of hardware/
21.12.2022 Technical Skills
software
Day – 4 Implementation of hardware/
22.12.2022 Technical Skills
software
Day – 5
Implementation of hardware/
23.12.2022 Technical Skills
software
Day –6 Implementation of hardware/
24.12.2022 software Technical Skills

8
WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 4 (from 19/12/2022 to 24/12/2022)

Objective of the Activity Done: System Implementation


Detailed Report:
When ARDUINO UNO is connected to a power supply it activates the ultra sonic
sensor. The ultrasonic sensor starts working and calculate the distance between that ultrasonic
sensor and the object placed infront of the object. The working of ultrasonic sensor is
depends on transmitter and receiver. The transmitter of the module transmits an ultrasonic
sounds which is high frequency sound pulse(that is, sound that humans can hear). This
sound will be reflected if an object is present in front of the ultrasonic sensor.
The reflected sound is received by receiver present in the same module. The speed of
sound is approximately 343 meters (1100 feet) per second in air. An ultrasonic signal is
propagated by a wave at an angle of 30°. Measuring angle should be at least 15° for
maximum accuracy. In this case, external objects that fall under this measurement angle
interfere with determining the distance to the desired object.
The distance is determined by measuring the time travel of ultrasonic sound
and its speed.
DISTANCE=TIME * SPEED OF SOUND/2
After the distance is calculated, it will be displayed on the LCD display.

8
4.5 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK

Day Person In-


Brief description of the daily Learning
& Charge
activity Outcome
Date Signature
Identifying errors and
Day – 1 Testing and validation of project
adding corrections
26.12.2022 results/reports
Identifying errors and
Day – 2 Testing and validation of project
adding corrections
27.12.2022 results/reports
Identifying errors and
Day – 3 Testing and validation of project
adding corrections
28.12.2022 results/reports
Identifying errors and
Day – 4 Testing and validation of project
adding corrections
29.12.2022 results/reports
Identifying errors and
Day – 5 Testing and validation of project
adding corrections
30.12.2022 results/reports
Identifying errors and
Day –6 Testing and validation of project
adding corrections
31.12.2022 results/reports

8
WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 5 (from 26/12/2022 to 31/12/2022)

Objective of the Activity Done: Results testing and validation


Detailed Report:
The ultrasonic sensor senses the time travelled by the sound wave and analog that
time to Arduino uno and the Arduino uno calculate the di Organization and Presentation
stance in terms of centimeter(cm) and inches(inch) also. The maximum speed of sound is
approximately 343 meters (1100 feet) per second in air. whenever we place on object in front
of ultrasonic sensor the sound waves reflected by incidence on the surface of the object. The
Arduino uno works according to the code uploaded into it and then it processes the
information and then gives the output signals to the lcd display and the result will be
displayed on the lcd screen. If we place an object 9cm in front of the sensor it calculate the
distance and display 9cm and 3.54 inch in 16x2 LED with 12C communication. By checking
the results from the LCD 16x2 display we can monitor ourselves. I tested the model with
different types of objects to check the distance and also for whether it is effected by the shape
of object. The final result is in centimeters (cm) and in inches (inch).

8
4.6 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK

Day Person In-


Brief description of the daily Learning
& Charge
activity Outcome
Date Signature
Day – 1
16.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation

Day – 2
Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation
17.01.2023
Day – 3
18.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation

Day – 4
19.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation

Day – 5
20.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation

Day –6
21.01.2023 Preparation of the project report Organization and Presentation

8
WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 6 (from 16/01/2023 to 21/01/2023)

Objective of the Activity Done: Document preparation


Detailed Report:
Firstly, I planned to write document which should reflect the creation, modification,
and display of textual material. Secondly, I researched how to present documents. Next, I
outlined the structure of the document. Later, I had written the document which includes a
detailed description of the identification of a community, Collection of data, acquiring of
knowledge in both hardware components and software, Implementation of hardware/
software, Testing and validation of project results/reports. I have learnt that documentation
encourages knowledge sharing, which empowers a team / people to understand how
processes work and what finished projects typically look like.
GANDHI NAGAR , its surrounding area contains Gandhi park, undavalli caves,
sri durga malleswara swamy varla Devasthanam, gundala matha church. Information is
gathered from the local people and touristers. All information gathered from people in the
locality and from observations and surveys are documented in the report and details about the
mini project “DISTANCE MEASUREMENT USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR” is reported
and the activities and programs done and weekly reports are documented

8
CHAPTER 5: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION
Details of the Socio-Economic Survey of the Village/Habitation Attach the
questionnaire prepared for the survey.

Q. How far are you satisfied with the maintenance of the Bank?

Q. Are the cleaning and maintaining works done frequently?

Q. How far are you satisfied with the security system of the Bank?

Q. At what time is the Bank most crowded?

Q. How far are you satisfied with the security system of the Bank?

Q. Do you think it is better to have automatic doors in the Bank?

Q. Do you think any mandatory changes required to the Bank?

Q. Does the infrastructure is enough or do you wish it to improve?

Q. Do you find any frequent disturbance from this area?

Q. Do you have any complaints regarding the Bank?

8
Describe the problems you have identified in the community
Parking slots and area are unorganized and vehicles are parked even in non-
parking areas . Distance between the vehicles is very less, this might cause accidents.
The bank is crowded sometimes which is not safe because of sanitary issues. Even for
making small changes people are spending hours in the bank.
The common resources are not available near the bank .The name of bank is not
labeled clearly which causes confusion to find the required address. Waiting areas are
not great, it is not convenient for people who have to wait a long time.

Short-term and long-term action plan for possible solutions for the problems
identified and that could be recommended to the concerned authorities for
implementation.
Some clear and organized area or places are needed to be established to
maintain proper parking methods. A strict observation is needed to avoid the parking
in non- parking areas.
Sensors can be used to measure the distance between vehicles in the parking areas so
the accidents can be avoided.
Automatic systems like automatic doors can be implemented so that it is more
sanitary.
Awareness needs to be provided so people do not need to visit banks for small
requirements which can be done online easily.
The bank name should be labelled at the entrances of the streets and areas. So that it
will be easy to locate the address.

Report of the mini-project work done in the related subject w.r.t the
habitation/village.
A mini-project work in the related subject w.r.t the habitation/village. (For ex., a
student of Botany may do a project on Organic Farming or Horticulture or usage of
biofertilizers or biopesticides or effect of the inorganic pesticides, etc. A student of
Zoology may do a project on Aquaculture practices or animal husbandry or poultry or
health and hygiene or Blood group analysis or survey on the Hypertension or survey
on the prevalence of diabetes, etc.
8
The Report shall be limited to 8-10 pages.

DISTANCE MEASUREMENT USING ULTRASONIC


SENSOR IN GANDHI NAGAR

Ultrasonic sensors are great tools to measure distance and detect objects
without any actual contact with the physical world. This is an efficient way to
measure small distances precisely. In this project, we have used the HC-SR04
ULTRASONIC SENSOR WITH ARDUINO to determine the distance of an obstacle
from the sensor. The basic principle of ultrasonic distance measurement is based on
ECHO. When sound waves are transmitted in the environment then waves return back
to the origin as ECHO after striking on the obstacle.
We only need to calculate the traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and
returning time to origin after striking on the obstacle. As the speed of the sound is
known to us, after some calculation we can calculate the distance.

CONNECTIONS:

Trig and Echo pins of the ultrasonic sensor are connected to digital pin 3 & 2
of Arduino.
VCC pin of the ultrasonic sensor is connected to the 5v pin of Arduino.
The GND pin is connected to the GND of Arduino.
SDA & SCL pin of the I2C module is connected to the A4 & A5 pin of Arduino.
While VCC and GND pins are connected to the 5V & GND pin of Arduino.

WORKING EXPLANATION:

The ultrasonic sensor emits a high-frequency sound pulse and calculates the
distance depending upon the time taken by the echo signal to travel back after
reflecting from the desired target. The speed of sound is 341 meters per second in air.
After the distance is calculated, it will be displayed on the LCD display.

8
There are many types of Arduino distance sensors, but in this project we have
used the HC-SR04 to measure distance in range of 2cm-400cm with an accuracy of
3mm. The sensor module consists of an ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and control
circuit. The working principle of ultrasonic sensor is as follows:
High level signal is sent for 10us using Trigger.
The module sends eight 40 KHz signals automatically, and then detects whether pulse
is received or not.
If the signal is received, then it is through high level. The time of high duration is the
time gap between sending and receiving the signal.
Distance= (Time x Speed of Sound in Air (340 m/s))/2

OBJECTIVES:

Ultrasonic sensors can measure the distance to a wide range of objects regardless
of shape, colour or surface texture. They are also able to measure an approaching or
receding object. By using “non-contact” ultrasonic sensors, distances can be
measured without damage to the object.

REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Arduino Uno
 Ultrasonic Sensor Module
 16x2 LCD
 I2c module
 Bread board
 Connecting Wires

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Arduino IDE software

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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

1) ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header and a reset button

2) ULTRASONIC SENSOR MODULE:


An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance
of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected
sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of
audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can hear). Ultrasonic sensors have two

main components: the transmitter (which emits the sound using piezoelectric
crystals) and the receiver (which encounters the sound after it has travelled to and
from the target).

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3) 16x2 LCD AND I2C MODULE:
This 2×16 character LCD Module with BLUE Backlight uses an I2C
interface to communicate with the host microcontroller. This budget-conscious LCD
is used on projects requiring the display of text, data, or ASCII characters of all types.

4) BREAD BOARD:
A breadboard (sometimes called a plugblock) is used for building
temporary circuits. It is useful to designers because it allows components to be
removed and replaced easily. It is useful to the person who wants to build a circuit to
demonstrate its action, then to reuse the components in another circuit.

5) JUMPER WIRES:
A jumper wire is an electric wire that connects remote electric circuits
used for printed circuit boards. By attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be
short-circuited and short-cut (jump) to the electric circuit.

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Ardunio IDE software:


The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino
Software (IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text
console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It
connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.

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SYSTEM DESIGN (BLOCK DIAGRAM)

IMPLEMENTATION: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CODE MODULES:

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#include <Wire.h> // Library for I2C communication
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> // Library for LCD
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd = LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x3F, 16, 2); // Change to (0x27,16,2) for
16x2 LCD.my address is (0x3F)

int trigPin = A0;


int echoPin = A1;

long distance;
long distanceInch;
long duration;

void setup(){
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" WELCOME TO");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" MKINVENTIONS");
delay(2000);
}

void loop() {
ULTRASONIC();
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("DISTANCE CM:");
lcd.print(distance);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("DISTANCE INCH:");
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lcd.print(distanceInch);

// lcd.setCursor(0,1);
// lcd.print("DISTANCE MM:");
// lcd.print(distanceInch);
}

void ULTRASONIC(){
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(2000);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = duration*0.034/2;
distanceInch = duration*0.0133/2;
}

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS:

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CONCLUSION AND LIMITATIONS:

CONCLUSION:

Ultrasonic sensors are non-intrusive in that they do not require physical


contact with their target, and can detect certain clear or shiny targets otherwise
obscured to some vision-based sensors. On the other hand, their measurements are
very sensitive to temperature and to the angle of the target.
The objective of this project was to design and implement an Ultrasonic
distance measurement device. As described in this report a system is developed that
can calculate the distance of the tracked object. With respect to the requirements for
an ultrasonic range finder the followings can be concluded,
1. The system can calculate the distance of the obstruction with sufficient
accuracy.
2. This device has the capability to interact with other peripheral if used as a
secondary device.
3. This can also communicate with PC through its serial port.
4. This offers a low cost and efficient solution for non-contact type distance
measurements.

LIMITATIONS:

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• Cannot work in a vacuum.

• Not designed for underwater use.

• Sensing accuracy affected by soft materials.

• Sensing accuracy affected by changes in temperature of 5-10 degrees or more.

• Have a limited detection range.

ADVANTAGES:

• Not affected by color or transparency of objects, Can be used in dark


environments, low cost option, Not highly affected by dust, dirt, or high-
moisture environments.
• They have greater accuracy than many other methods at measuring
thickness and distance to a parallel surface
• Their high frequency, sensitivity, and penetrating power make it easy to
detect external or deep objects.
• Our ultrasonic sensors are easy to use and not dangerous during operation
to nearby objects, people or equipment.
• Our sensors easily interface with microcontrollers or any type of
controller.
• Its small size makes it easy to integrate into projects.

APPLICATIONS:

• It is used in public places like parks, ticket counters, banks, bus and railway
stations etc.
• Used to measure the obstacle distance.
• This system used in automotive parking sensors and obstacle warning
systems.
• Used in terrain monitoring robots.

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CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

Banking is an integral part of the whole financial system. It affects the country's
economy by providing investment, credit, and infrastructure. The banking industry is
the backbone of global economies. The banking sector plays a significant role in the
economic growth and development of any country. The 5 most important banking
services are checking and savings accounts, loan and mortgage services, wealth
management, providing Credit and Debit Cards, Overdraft services. A lot of people
visit banks, they are always crowded which causes sanitary issues and parking
problems.

The range can be considerably increased by using high power device circuit.
Using temperature compensation , it can be used over wide temperature range. The
resolution of the measurement can be improved by incorporating phase shift method
along with time of flight method. Can be used as parking assistance system in
vehicles with high power ultrasonic transmitter. The 40kHz signal can be generated
using microcontroller itself which will reduce hardware.

With the help of a IoT projects we can measures the distance between vehicles
while parking so it does not lead to any accidents and automatic systems can be
implemented to make the place more sanitary like automatic doors.

Student Self-Evaluation for the Community Service Project


Student Name :R. Satya Sekhar
Registration No: 21501A05D8 8
Period of CSP: From: 28-11-2022 to 21-01-2023
Date of Evaluation: 31-01-2023
Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale: Letter grade of CGPA calculation to be provided


1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5

2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5

3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5

4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5

5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5

6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5

7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5

8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5

9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5

10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5

11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5

12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5

13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5

14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5

15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Student

Evaluation by the Person in-charge in the Community / Habitation


Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:

Student Name: R. Satya Sekhar

Registration No: 21501A05D5

Period of CSP: from 28/11/2022 to 21/01/2023

Date of Evaluation: 31/01/2023


8 Daniel
Name of the Person in-charge: Dr. Ravuri

Address with mobile number: 9133438924


Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the Student’s self-
evaluation.
Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank
1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5

2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5

3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5

4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5

5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5

6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5

7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5

8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5

9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5

10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5

11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5

12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5

13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5

14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5

15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Supervisor

PHOTOS

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