Design and Installation Practices of Electrical and
Instrument Equipment in Hazardous Area (EEHA)
- Module 2 -
Jakarta, 25/09/2021
The following presentation has been prepared by PT
Medco Energi Internasional Tbk (the “Company”) and contains certain
projections, plans, business strategies, policies of the Company and industry
data in which the Company operates in, which could be treated as forward-
looking statements within the meaning of applicable law. Such forward-
looking statements, by their nature, involve risks and uncertainties that could
prove to be incorrect and cause actual results to differ materially from those
expressed or implied in these statements. The Company does not guarantee
that any action, which may have been taken.
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Contents
• Type of Protection “d”
• Type of Protection “e”
• Type of Protection “n”
• Type of Protection “i”
• Type of Protection “p”
• Other type of Protection and Combination
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Fundamentals of Protection Types
All protection types currently available utilise one
or more of the following methods of protection:
Protection by Gas Exclusion
Prevention by Design
Energy Limitation
Prevention of Propagation of Explosion
Use of non-sparking equipment
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Protection Type ‘d’ Flameproof
The apparatus
enclosure must be of
sufficient strength to
withstand an internal
explosion, without the
explosion being
transmitted to the
outside atmosphere
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Protection Type ‘d’ Flameproof
Exd Protection Integrity
Flameproof EXd
• Ensure flame path Integrity
• Ensure explosion enclosed
– pressure withstand.
• Etc. Gask
et
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Protection Type ‘d’ Flameproof
Most common applications include:
Motors
Lighting
Junctions boxes
Instrumentation (pressure switches with switching contacts)
Start/Stop buttons
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Protection Type ‘d’ Flameproof
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Protection Type ‘d’ Flameproof
• Sample of Equipment Product
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Protection Type ‘d’ Flameproof
• Sample of Internal Components in Exd Enclosure
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Division and Zone of Products
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Protection Type ‘d’ Flameproof
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Type ‘e’ Protection
Ensures safety by removal of sources of ignition.
Equipment does not spark in normal operation and measures
are taken to ensure sources of ignition cannot occur
Similar to type ‘n’ protection but ensures a higher degree of
security
Design standard is IEC/EN 60079-7
Equipment is suitable for Zone 1 & 2
Equipment category is 2
Live maintenance is not permitted
Typical equipment includes
Rotating machines
Lighting
Junction and terminal boxes
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Type ‘e’ Protection
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Type ‘e’ Protection
Control Measures incorporated into equipment
included:
At least IP54 protection of live parts
Minimum radial gaps identified between motor stators
and rotors to avoid frictional sparks
Ignition due to hot surfaces is limited due to
temperature limiting devices associated with the
motors, fault conditions considered include ‘rotor lock’
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Type ‘e’ Protection
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Type ‘e’ Protection
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Type ia, ib and ic Protection
Achieve protection by limiting
the electrical parameters to less than
the ignition energy levels of the Hazard
(20microjoules (IIC)).
Intrinsic Safety ia is the only type of
protection as well as Exma that is
allowed in Zone 0 and Zone 20
‘ia’ Zener
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Type ia, ib and ic Protection
• Ignition Curves
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Type ia, ib and ic Protection
• Ignition Curve
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Type ia, ib and ic Protection
• Ignition Curve
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Field Apparatus
• Simple apparatus is sometimes called non-energy storing
• Any field apparatus that does not operate, produce or emit
more than:
• 1.2 volts
• 0.1Amps
• 25 Milliwatts
• 20 micro joules
• Can be classified as ‘simple apparatus’ and does not need to be
certified
• However the whole system still needs to be controlled by a
certified interface device
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Simple Apparatus
LED’s
Thermocouples
Low Power Resistive
Apparatus
Switches
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Non - Simple Apparatus
MUST BE CERTIFIED
Apparatus Not
Associated
Conforming To Simple
Apparatus
Apparatus Requirements
Safe Area Hazardous Area
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Type ‘p’ Protection - Pressurisation Type
The enclosure has a positive pressure maintained within the
enclosure. the positive pressure is maintained within a
protective , clean (non hazardous) gas supplied from outside of
the hazardous area
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Type ‘p’ Protection - Pressurisation Type
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Type ‘p’ Protection - Pressurisation Type
Primary Actions Required if Pressurisation System Fails
(IEC/EN 60079-14)
Pressurised
Apparatus with
Zone 2 ignition capable
parts ALARM ON PRESSURE
FAILURE
Pressurised
Zone 1 Apparatus without
ignition capable
parts
Pressurised DE-ENERGISE ON
Apparatus with
Zone 1 PRESSURE FAILURE
ignition capable
parts
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Type ‘n’ Protection
The main requirement of type n protection is that the electrical
apparatus does not provide a source of ignition under normal
operation. Where some parts do provide a potential source of
ignition additional considerations must be made on the basis of
some of the other protection techniques identified.
Markings
ExnA - Non Sparking
ExnL - Energy limited
ExnR - Restricted Breathing
ExnC - Enclosed break (simplified FLP, encapsulation or Sealed)
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Type ‘n’ protection
Design standard IEC/EN 60079-15
Suitable for Zone 2
Typical uses:
Rotating machines
Lighting
Junction Boxes
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Combined protection
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Combined protection
• Sample Equipment Product
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Which Protection Type For Which Zone?
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Electrical Equipment – Gas & Vapour Atmospheres
Zone 2 Category
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Zone 1 Category
2
Ex nA Ex d
Ex e Zone 0 Category
Ex nC Ex pxb Ex ic
Ex mb 1
Ex nL Ex pyb Ex mc
Ex nR Ex o Ex ia Ex ib Ex pzc
Ex q Ex ma
Ex ic replaces the
existing Ex nL
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PT Medco Energi Internasional
Tbk
The Energy Building 53rd Floor
SCBD Lot 11A
Jl. Jend. Sudirman, Jakarta 12190
Indonesia
P. +62-21 2995 3000
F. +62-21 2995 3001
Website : www.medcoenergi.com
