EEHA Module -1

EX Fundamental
Jakarta, 25/09/2021
 The following presentation has been prepared by PT
Medco Energi Internasional Tbk (the “Company”) and contains certain
projections, plans, business strategies, policies of the Company and industry
data in which the Company operates in, which could be treated as forward-
looking statements within the meaning of applicable law. Such forward-
looking statements, by their nature, involve risks and uncertainties that could
prove to be incorrect and cause actual results to differ materially from those
expressed or implied in these statements. The Company does not guarantee
that any action, which may have been taken.

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 Explosion Protection Fundamentals

In order to have an explosion, all three legs of the triangle need to be present… Ex Protection
Concept is to remove one or more of the legs of the triangle when we apply electrical
equipment in a potentially hazardous flammable atmosphere…
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 Sources of Ignition in Hazardous Areas

Electrical Sparks Hot Surfaces Batteries Friction Lightning

Radio Frequency Static Electricity Optical Radiation Ultrasound

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Flammable Vapour

Saturated vapour air mixtures Upper Limit

Flammable Mixtures
Concentration

Auto-Ignition
Combine

Lower Limit

Flashpoint Temperature
A.I.T.

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 Essential Data required for Equipment Selection
Flash Point
Upper Explosive limit.
Lower Explosive limit
Auto ignition temperature
Gas Group

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 Example Flammable materials characteristic (NFPA 497)

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 Flash Point
Materials handled and processed below their flash point will not create a
potential explosive atmosphere – unless:
 A leak or release results in the formation of a mist. Under these
conditions the flash point of a material is reduced.
 Any release impinges on a hot surface which raises the material
temperature above the flash point.

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 Upper Explosive Limit
The value of which the concentration of the flammable vapour
or gas is so high that there would be insufficient oxygen to
enable the mixture to ignite.
Examples:
• Purging with an inert gas ensures that the mixture is low in
oxygen.

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 Lower Explosive Limit
The lower explosive limit (LEL) is the minimum concentration of
the vapour in air below which there is insufficient “fuel” to
support combustion.
Examples:
• This critical information is used to determine the extent of Zones taking
into account the levels of ventilation that exists.

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 Auto Ignition Temperature
AIT is the temperature that a material will ignite with no
additional ignition source.
This temperature impacts on the equipment that can be
selected and installed within the area where these gases or
vapours exist.
Equipment is given a temperature classification which defines
the maximum surface temperature the equipment will attain
under “normal” operating conditions.

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 Auto Ignition Temperature

Material AIT degC Temp Class

Methane 600 T1

Butane 288 T2

Ethylene 413 T2

Hydrogen 500 T1

Carbon 90 T5
Disulphide

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 Gas Groups
The Gas Group allocated to a gas or vapour is dependent on the ignition energy
required to ignite it.
Related to Electrical Apparatus, the Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) in mJ is
derived either by:
• Using a Spark test apparatus.
• Using a Maximum Experimental Safe Gap (MESG) apparatus to determine
the MIE.

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 Gas Groups
 It is rare to see equipment manufactured specifically for IIA areas.
 The difference in design and testing between a IIA and IIB
certified equipment is minor so that most manufacturers now
produce IIB and IIC equipment.
 IIB equipment can be used in IIB & IIA areas.
 IIC equipment can be used in IIC, IIB & IIA areas.

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 Gas Groups

MATERIAL GROUP
Methane IIA
Propane IIA
Ethylene IIB
Hydrogen IIC
Acetylene
Carbon Disulphide

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 General Process for Area Classification

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 API 500 / API 505 Standard
 Provide guidance on how to classify locations for electrical installations
 API 500 applies classifications in accordance with American Division
System
 API 505 applies classifications in accordance with IEC (European) Zone
System

Zone Division
0 1
1
2 2

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 Area Classification Procedure
 Do you need to perform an area classification?
 Are flammable liquids, gases or vapors handled, processed or stored in the area?
 Are combustible liquids above their flashpoint likely to be handled processed or
stored
 If the answer to either question is yes an Area Classification is
required, unless the areas are considered not require
classification

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 Area Classification Procedure
Unclassified Areas
Locations where flammables substances are contained in:
• All welded piping or continuous metallic tubing systems
without valves, flanges or similar devices
Adequately ventilated areas around continuous flame sources
(e.g. flare tips)

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 Area Classification Procedure
Designating Division 1 Areas?
Determine whether the degree of classification is Division 1 or
Division 2
• The area is classified Division 1 if:
• An ignitable gas or vapour atmosphere can exist under
normal operation
• Frequent releases are likely due to maintenance
• Simultaneous existence of an ignition source and an
ignitable concentration of gas is likely
• An area which handles process or stores flammables
liquid and is inadequately ventilated
• Areas where flammable liquids with vapours heavier than air
might collect or be present, in addition to inadequate
ventilation.
• Areas where lighter than air gases might collect due to
20 inadequately ventilation roof spaces, or ceiling
 Area Classification Procedure
Designating Division 1 Areas?
Division 2 areas are classified if:
• An area is adequately ventilated and sources of release may
only occur under abnormal conditions
• If an area is adjacent to Division 1 location without a vapor
tight barrier.
• If the failure of positive mechanical ventilation could give
raise to ignitable concentrations entering the area.

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 Area Classification Procedure
 Determine the extents of zone of:
 Considering adjacent Areas
 Outdoors Areas
 Enclosed areas
 Common Applications

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 Extents of Zones – Adjacent Areas

Division 1

Division 2

An enclosed area with

adequate ventilation

Non -vaportight
barriers

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 Extents of Zones – Adjacent Areas

Division 1

Division 2

An enclosed area. with no, or

inadequate ventilation

Non -vaportight
barriers

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 Extents of Zones – Adjacent Areas

Division 1

Division 2

An enclosed area

Vaportight barriers

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 Extents of Zones – Adjacent Areas

Division 1

Division 2

An enclosed area with

inadequate ventilation

Non -Vaportight
barriers

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 Extent of Zones Outdoors
Generally gases and vapours are assumed to disperse uniformly outdoors.
Gases and vapours heavier than air will tend to collect a few feet from the
ground, the opposite is true for lighter than air gases.
If flammable liquids, gases and vapours are released at pressure, extents can
vary considerably, specific plant experience and point of source techniques
can be used to establish the effects.

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 Extent of Zones in Enclosed Areas and Common Applications
If adequate ventilation is provided in an enclosed area mechanically or
naturally. The area maybe classified Division 2 rather than Division 1, However
careful consideration must be given to Volumetric content, floor area, ceiling
height etc.

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 Area Classification Procedure Determine the correct group

Group Typical gases

Group A Acetylene
Group B Butadiene, Ethylene Oxide,
Propylene Oxide, Acrolein or
hydrogen gases (or equivalents)
Group C Cylcopropane, Ethyl Ether,
Ethylene, Hydrogen sulphide, (or
equivalents)
Group D Acetone, Alcohol, Ammonia,
Benzene, Benzol, Butane, Gasoline,
Hexane, Lacquer Solvent Vapors,
methane, Naphtha, Natural Gas,
Propane (or equivalents)
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 Overview API 500 / API 505 Standards

Brief Navigation of API 500 / API 505 Std’s on various

classification figures.

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AREA CLASSIFICATION
AND REVIEW OF PROTECTION CONCEPT

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 HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION
US vs IEC Standard

Explosive US IEC, NEC 505, API 505

Atmosphere Division System Zone System
Explosive Gas
Gases and
Class I Atmospheres
Vapours
Zone 0, 1, 2
Combustible
Class II
Dusts
Dust Atmospheres
Easily Ignited Zone 20, 21, 22
Fibres and Class III
Flyings

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 HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION

Risk

Not Classified Division 2 Division 1

Zone 2 Zone 1

1 Hr./Yr. 10 Hrs./Yr. 1000 Hrs./Yr.

Zone 0

Duration of time Gas is Present

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 HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION
GAS Group

Representative Division Gas Zone Gas Group

Gas Group

Acetylene Group A
Group IIC
Hydrogen Group B

Groups B + C Group IIB+H2

Ethylene Group C Group IIB

Propane Group D Group IIA

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 HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION
Comparison Between Standard

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 HAZARDOUS AREA LOCATION – PLOT PLAN

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 HAZARDOUS AREA LOCATION – PLOT PLAN

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 HAZARDOUS AREA LOCATION – PLOT PLAN

Process Equipment Vent

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 HAZARDOUS AREA LOCATION – PLOT PLAN

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 HAZARDOUS AREA – EX PROTECTION TYPE

Flameproof Enclosure (“d”)

Internal parts can ignite. Surrounded
Enclosure withstands on explosion press.
Prevent propagation of explosion.

Increased safety (“e”)

Possibilities of unacceptable high temp. and
The creation of spark are prevented.

Pressurized Apparatus (“p”)

Maintaining internal positive pressure
prevent the formation of explosive atmosphere

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 HAZARDOUS AREA – EX PROTECTION TYPE
Intrinsic Safety (“i”)
No sparks or thermal effects are produced
in normal operation and fault conditions.

Oil Immersion (“o”)

Explosive atmosphere cannot be ignited

Powder filling (“q”)

Explosive atmosphere cannot be ignited

Encapsulation (“m”)
Embedded in sealing compound,
explosive atmosphere cannot be ignited

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 HAZARDOUS AREA – TEMPERATURE CLASS

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 Weather Protection - Ingress Protection
IEC Standard:

Protection Against Solid Objects Protection against liquids

No. Description No. Description
0 No protection 0 No protection
1 Objects greater than 50 mm 1 Vertically dripping water
2 Objects greater than 12 mm 2 Dripping water tilted up to 15 degrees
3 Objects greater than 2.5 mm 3 Spraying water at angle up to 60 degrees
4 Objects greater than 1 mm 4 Splashing water from any direction
5 Dust protected 5 Low pressure water jets
6 Dust tight 6 Strong jets of water
7 The effects of immersion to depth of 1 m
8 Submersion

NEMA/CSA Type 4 Is Between IP65 and IP66

US Standard:
NEMA – 1 / 2 / 3 / 3R / 4 / 4X / 6 / 12 / 13

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 Weather Protection - Ingress Protection

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 Weather Protection - Ingress Protection

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STANDARD CERTIFICATION
AND MARKING

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 Zone System Equipment Marking

AEx
Class I, Zone 1, EEx
Ex de IIC T6
EEx-CENELEC Temperature
Ex - IEC Code
AEx -US

II- Industry Group

Type of Protection I= Mining
May Have Multiple Symbols. II = Surface
Usually Most Important First C-Gas Group
C, B, A

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 EEHA / EX Marking
EEHA/EX Marking – Based Zone Classification

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 EEHA/EX Equipment Markings

EEx d IIC T6
T4 II 2 G 1 M EEx d IIC T6
PTB No. 98-1234-X ATEX PTB No. 2000-1234-X
IP 66 IP 66

Class I, Zone 1, Gr. IIC, IIB, IIA, T6 Class I, Zone 1, Gr. IIC, IIB, IIA, T6
Class I, Division 2, Gr. A, B, C, D Class I, Division 2, Gr. A, B, C, D
Class II, Division 2, Gr. F, G Class II, Division 1, Gr. E, F, G
Class III Class III
NEMA 3, 4, 4X CSA Enclosure 3, 4, 4X
IP 66 IP 66
Disconnect Power Before Opening Area should be cleared of hazardous gases
prior to opening

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 EEHA/EX Equipment Markings

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 EEHA/EX Equipment Markings

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 EEHA/EX Equipment Markings

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PT Medco Energi Internasional
Tbk
The Energy Building 53rd Floor
SCBD Lot 11A
Jl. Jend. Sudirman, Jakarta 12190
Indonesia
P. +62-21 2995 3000
F. +62-21 2995 3001

Website : www.medcoenergi.com