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Chapter 3_Population_Unit Notes

Chapter 3 discusses the significance of population studies in understanding human settlement patterns, migration trends, and global challenges like overpopulation. It outlines factors influencing population distribution, including physical and human elements, and highlights global population clusters and changes. The chapter also defines migration, its types, and the impacts on both source and destination areas.

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18 views3 pages

Chapter 3_Population_Unit Notes

Chapter 3 discusses the significance of population studies in understanding human settlement patterns, migration trends, and global challenges like overpopulation. It outlines factors influencing population distribution, including physical and human elements, and highlights global population clusters and changes. The chapter also defines migration, its types, and the impacts on both source and destination areas.

Uploaded by

kkammilisiddhan12
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Chapter 3: Population

Why do we learn about population? (Learning Objectives)

- Population studies reveal how and why people live in certain areas and
not others, helping us understand settlement patterns and human
activity across the globe.

- You can choose where you would like to live.

- Understanding population growth and distribution helps us tackle global


challenges such as overpopulation, urbanization, and environmental
degradation.

- Learning about population movement helps us understand migration


trends and how they shape economies, cultures, and societies.

- Governments and organizations use population data to plan


infrastructure, healthcare, education, housing, and transportation.
1. Where People Live (Population Distribution)
 Population Distribution: The way people are spread across the world or
within a region.
 Uneven Distribution:
o Dense Areas: Cities like London or countries like Bangladesh.
o Sparse Areas: Deserts, mountains, and extreme climates (e.g.,
Sahara Desert, Arctic).
 Factors Influencing Distribution:
o Physical Factors: Climate, water availability, fertile soil, and
natural resources.
o Human Factors: Economic activities, transport networks, and
urban development.

2. What Affects Where We Live?


 Physical Factors:
o Climate: People prefer moderate climates over extreme cold or
heat.
o Land: Flat, fertile land attracts settlement, while mountains and
deserts deter it.
o Resources: Areas with water, minerals, and forests are more
populated.
 Human Factors:
o Economic Opportunities: Jobs in industries, services, and trade.
o Infrastructure: Better transport, healthcare, and schools.
o Historical Reasons: Areas with early human settlements continue
to grow.

3. World Population Distribution


 Global Patterns:
o High population density in Asia (e.g., China, India).
o Low population density in Australia and the Arctic.
 Population Clusters:
o East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Eastern North America.
 Sparse Regions:
o Deserts (e.g., Sahara), Rainforests (e.g., Amazon), Polar areas.

4. Population Change
 Natural Change: Difference between birth rate and death rate.
o High Birth Rate: Developing countries with limited family
planning.
o Low Death Rate: Improved healthcare and living standards.
 Population Growth Stages:
o Rapid growth in developing countries.
o Stable or declining populations in developed countries.
 Population Pyramids:
o Show the age and gender structure of a population.
o Indicate whether a population is growing, stable, or shrinking.

5. Migration
 Definition: The movement of people from one place to another.
 Types of Migration:
o Internal (within a country) vs. International (across countries).
o Voluntary (for jobs, education) vs. Forced (war, natural disasters).
 Push Factors: Reasons to leave (e.g., poverty, war, unemployment).
 Pull Factors: Reasons to move to a new place (e.g., jobs, safety, better
services).
 Impacts:
o Source Area: Loss of workers but reduced pressure on resources.
o Destination Area: Cultural diversity but possible pressure on
housing, services, and jobs.

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