10
Science
Learning Activity Sheets
The Molecules of Life
Quarter 4 – Week 3-4
Department of Education • Schools Division Office of Apayao
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
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SCIENCE 10
Quarter 4
Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: ______
Section: _________________________________________ Date: ____________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
The Molecules of Life
LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE
Recognize the major categories of biomolecules such as carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. (S10MT-IVc-d-22)
BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE LEARNERS
Biomolecules
Biomolecules are macromolecules that provide the structural framework for all
living things, as well as the mechanisms needed to perform various biological
processes. These biomolecules can be subdivided into four major categories –
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and protein.
Carbohydrates
It serves as a major source of energy
Facilitate cell to cell recognition
Provide structural framework for some cells
Serve as a component of nucleic acids
Classification of Carbohydrates
1. Monosaccharide – are also called simple sugars because they are the
monomers or basic units of carbohydrates.
Example: fructose, glucose, galactose
2. Disaccharide – are formed by linking two monosaccharides together.
Example: sucrose, lactose, maltose
3. Oligosaccharide – consists of a small number (around 3 to 10) of
monosaccharides linked together.
Example: raffinose, stachyose
4. Polysaccharide – are long polymers composed of hundreds and thousands of
monosaccharide.
Example: starch, glycogen, cellulose
Lipids
Serves as energy storage
Give thermal insulation
Component of cell membrane
Acts as signaling molecule
Facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Classification of Lipids
1. Triacylglycerols or triglycerides – are commonly known as fats or oils. It is
composed of a glycerol and three fatty acids.
2. Phospholipids – it also has a glycerol backbone attached to fatty acids.
However, one of the fatty acids are replaced by a phosphate head.
3. Waxes – are composed of a long chain of alcohol attached to a fatty acid.
4. Steroids – are lipids characterized by the so-called nucleus (composed of three
cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring).
Proteins
Control rate of reaction (enzymes)
Regulate cell processes (hormones)
Transport substances into or out of cells like hemoglobin
Help fight diseases (antibodies)
Provide structural support like keratin, fibrin and collagen
Responsible for motion like actin/myosin and cytoskeletal fibers
Protein Structure
1. Primary structure – refers to the polypeptide chain.
2. Secondary structure – refers to the geometric pattern of the polypeptide chain.
3. Tertiary structure – characterized by the three-dimensional folding of the
polypeptide chain caused by the interaction between the different side chains
of each amino acid in the polypeptide.
4. Quaternary structure – the overall shape of the protein resulting from the
interaction in the first three structures.
Nucleic Acids
It consists of chains of nucleotides. Each nucleotide in nucleic acid has its
phosphate group bonded to the sugar of the next nucleotide. It forms a structure
called the sugar-phosphate backbone. The nucleotides consist of nitrogenous
bases, sugar and phosphate group.
o There are two nitrogenous base groups, namely pyrimidine and purine.
Pyrimidine and purine. Pyrimidine is characterized by a six-membered
ring made up of carbon and hydrogen. It includes cytosine, thymine and
uracil. Purine is a five-membered ring fused to a pyrimidine ring. It
includes adenine and guanine.
o Ribose and deoxyribose are the sugars most commonly found in
nucleotides.
o The nucleotide is formed through condensation reactions involving
sugar, phosphoric acid, and a base.
Types of Nucleic Acid
1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) – it contains the genetic instruction used in the
development and functioning of all living organism.
2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) – it is responsible for the templet in the synthesis of
proteins which in turn control the operation and function of the cell.
GENERAL DIRECTION
Read and answer carefully the activities provided on this activity sheet. Follow
the given instruction for every activity to avoid incorrect responses. You can write your
answer on this activity sheet. You can use another sheet of paper or bond paper if
necessary.
Activity 1. Fact or Bluff!
Direction: Write FACT if the statement is true and write BLUFF if it is false about
biomolecules.
1. Proteins are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
sulfur.
2. Eggs, fishes and meats are good source of proteins.
3. All kinds of amino acids are considered essential amino acids.
4. Lipids are soluble in water and polar solvents.
5. Cholesterol is not good to our body.
6. Carbohydrates are good source of energy of the body.
7. Milk has also carbohydrates called lactase.
8. Both DNA and RNA have sugar and phosphate group.
9. Both DNA and RNA have the same nucleotides.
10. Nucleic acids provide structural framework of the body.
Activity 2. Word Analogy!
Direction: Complete the analogy by providing the correct pair of word from the choices
given.
1. Protein: Amino Acid :: Carbohydrates: ________
a. Disaccharide c. Oligosaccharide
b. Monosaccharide d. Polysaccharide
2. DNA: Deoxyribose :: RNA: ___________
a. Fructose c. Ribose
b. Maltose d. Pentose
3. Lipids: Storage of Energy :: Proteins: _______________
a. Help fight diseases
b. Control rate of reaction
c. Regulate cell processes
d. All of the above
4. Monosaccharide: Fructose :: Polysaccharide: _____________
a. Lactase c. Maltose
b. Galactose d. Glycogen
5. Sucrose: Sugar Cane :: Maltose: ________
a. Corn c. Rice
b. Barley d. Wheat
Activity 3. It’s Just a Puzzle!
Direction: Answer the given crossword puzzle below.
Activity 4. What’s in the table?
Direction: Supply the missing information in the table below.
Biomolecules Monomers Functions Examples
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic acids
Activity 5. What’s in your mind?
Direction: Answer the following questions below.
1. Why do you think marathon runners eat a meal rich in carbohydrates the day
before the race?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Do you think that cholesterol is good or bad in our body? Justify your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between an essential amino acids and non-essential
amino acids?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. How important is nucleic acid as biomolecules?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Scoring Guide for Activity 5
Points Description
5 The information is complete, clear and free from grammatical errors.
The information is complete but some are not clear and few errors in
3
grammar.
1 The information is incomplete, unclear and grammatically errors.
ASSESSMENT
DIRECTIONS: Read and answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of the
best answer.
1. Which of the following is the major function of carbohydrates?
a. Structural framework c. Energy production
b. Storage of energy d. All of the above
2. Lipids are insoluble in water because lipid molecules are _____.
a. Hydrophilic c. Hydrophobic
b. Neutral d. Zwitter ions
3. Amino acids are the building blocks of which group of biomolecules?
a. Proteins c. Lipids
b. Carbohydrates d. Nucleic acids
4. Which of the following biomolecules contain only the elements carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen?
a. Carbohydrates and lipids
b. Lipids and proteins
c. Protein and nucleic acids
d. Nucleic acids and carbohydrates
5. Lipid bilayers are created from _____.
a. Phospholipids c. Glycerol
b. Fatty acids d. Proteins
6. Which of the following describes a DNA molecule as nucleic acids?
a. Double helix of glucose sugars and phosphates
b. Ladderlike structure composed of fats and sugars
c. Double chain of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds
d. A chain of alternating phosphates and nitrogenous bases
7. Saturated fats are _______.
a. Derived from plant oils c. Both a and b
b. Derived from animal oils d. Neither a nor b
8. The basic structure on proteins.
a. Tertiary c. Secondary
b. Primary d. Quaternary
9. Which of the following is not a biomolecule?
a. Cholesterol c. Enzyme
b. Cellulose d. Water
10. Testosterone is an example of what kind of biomolecules.
a. Lipid c. Nucleic acid
b. Protein d. carbohydrate
REFLECTION
Reflect what have you learned after taking up this lesson by completing the K-
W-L Chart below.
What I KNOW What I WANT to know What I have LEARNED
I thought that… I want to… I learned that…
ANSWERS KEY
Activity 1 Activity 2
1. FACT 6. FACT 1. B
2. FACT 7. FACT 2. C
3. BLUFF 8. FACT 3. D
4. BLUFF 9. BLUFF 4. D
5. BLUFF 10. BLUFF 5. B
Activity 3
1. Carbohydrates 6. Proline
2. Waxes 7. Cholesterol
3. Purine 8. Phospholipids
4. Quaternary 9. Glycogen
5. Lactose 10. Nucleotides
Activity 4 – refer to the given activity
Activity 5 – refer to the scoring guide
Assessment
1. C 6. A
2. C 7. B
3. A 8. B
4. A 9. D
5. A 10. A
REFERENCES
Science 10 Learner’s Material, First Edition 2015 Acosta, Herman D. et.al.
Vengco, Lilia, G. et.al. (2015). You and the Natural World Science 10. Phoenix
Publishing House
Antonio, Richard, L. et.al. (2015). Science for the 21 st Century Learner 10. Diwa
Learning System, Inc.
“Puzzle solving”. Lrmds. December 19, 2013.
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/create/detail/491
DepEdCARLR#: 3195-13-21MELCS
