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Math Challenges for Enthusiasts

The document presents problems from the 2022 European Mathematical Cup, categorized into junior and senior levels. It includes various mathematical challenges such as determining positive integers with specific divisor properties, finding pairs of positive real numbers under certain conditions, and exploring properties of lovely collections of subsets. Additionally, it discusses strategies in a vertex coloring game and characteristics of lovely numbers, along with functional equations and geometric constructions involving circles.

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ferrouswei
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178 views2 pages

Math Challenges for Enthusiasts

The document presents problems from the 2022 European Mathematical Cup, categorized into junior and senior levels. It includes various mathematical challenges such as determining positive integers with specific divisor properties, finding pairs of positive real numbers under certain conditions, and exploring properties of lovely collections of subsets. Additionally, it discusses strategies in a vertex coloring game and characteristics of lovely numbers, along with functional equations and geometric constructions involving circles.

Uploaded by

ferrouswei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AoPS Community 2022 European Mathematical Cup

European Mathematical Cup 2022


www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3232109
by Tintarn, Assassino9931

– Junior

1 Determine all positive integers n for which there exist positive divisors a, b, c of n such that
a > b > c and a2 − b2 , b2 − c2 , a2 − c2 are also divisors of n.

2 Find all pairs (x, y) of positive real numbers such that xy is an integer and x + y = ⌊x2 − y 2 ⌋.

3 Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with AC > BC, with incircle τ centered at I which touches
BC and AC at points D and E, respectively. The point M on τ is such that BM ∥ DE and M
and B lie on the same halfplane with respect to the angle bisector of ∠ACB. Let F and H be
the intersections of τ with BM and CM different from M , respectively. Let J be a point on the
line AC such that JM ∥ EH. Let K be the intersection of JF and τ different from F . Prove that
M E ∥ KH.

4 A collection F of distinct (not necessarily non-empty) subsets of X = {1, 2, . . . , 300} is lovely if


for any three (not necessarily distinct) sets A, B and C in F at most three out of the following
eight sets are non-empty

A ∩ B ∩ C, A ∩ B ∩ C, A ∩ B ∩ C, A ∩ B ∩ C,
A ∩ B ∩ C, A ∩ B ∩ C, A ∩ B ∩ C, A ∩ B ∩ C

where S denotes the set of all elements of X which are not in S.


What is the greatest possible number of sets in a lovely collection?

– Senior

1 Let n ≥ 3 be a positive integer. Alice and Bob are playing a game in which they take turns
colouring the vertices of a regular n-gon. Alice plays the first move. Initially, no vertex is coloured.
Both players start the game with 0 points.
In their turn, a player colours a vertex V which has not been coloured and gains k points where
k is the number of already coloured neighbouring vertices of V . (Thus, k is either 0, 1 or 2.)
The game ends when all vertices have been coloured and the player with more points wins; if
they have the same number of points, no one wins. Determine all n ≥ 3 for which Alice has a
winning strategy and all n ≥ 3 for which Bob has a winning strategy.

© 2022 AoPS Incorporated 1


AoPS Community 2022 European Mathematical Cup

2 We say that a positive integer n is lovely if there exist a positive integer k and (not necessarily
distinct) positive integers d1 , d2 , . . ., dk such that n = d1 d2 · · · dk and d2i | n + di for i = 1, 2, . . . , k.
a) Are there infinitely many lovely numbers?
b) Is there a lovely number, greater than 1, which is a perfect square of an integer?

3 Determine all functions f : R → R such that

f (x3 ) + f (y)3 + f (z)3 = 3xyz

for all real numbers x, y and z with x + y + z = 0.

4 Five points A, B, C, D and E lie on a circle τ clockwise in that order such that AB ∥ CE and
∠ABC > 90◦ . Let k be a circle tangent to AD, CE and τ such that k and τ touch on the arc DE d
not containing A, B and C. Let F ̸= A be the intersection of τ and the tangent line to k passing
through A different from AD.
Prove that there exists a circle tangent to BD, BF , CE and τ .

© 2022 AoPS Incorporated 2


Art of Problem Solving is an ACS WASC Accredited School.

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