DES06 Group 6 Research Paper
DES06 Group 6 Research Paper
Submitted by:
Cañon, Khyla Nicole V.
Guzman, Janesse Reign E.
Sales, Jairo H.
Santisas, Sheena Gail F.
AR 302 / ARCH32S6
Submitted to:
Ar. Christine Ann C. Ferraris
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
AR302 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 06
Shopping Mall.
“Nowhere else in the world has a population so absorbed the shopping-mall lifestyle. It’s not
something you can stop.” (Paul Santos, vice-president of the Philippine Retailers Association). A
shopping centre, shopping mall, or shopping plaza is the historical marketplace's modern adaptation.
The mall is an imagined collection of independent retail establishments, services, and a parking lot.
Shopping malls today are more than a place to shop, they serve as social and cultural hubs wherein
people can engage in leisurely activities, creating an environment that appeals to senses. The
significance of shopping centres as retail spaces has grown over time, and mall culture now greatly
influences how people live their lives. Shopping malls have changed over time from being only hubs for
business dealings to vibrant venues that meet a variety of customer demands by providing a large
selection of goods as well as entertainment, food, and social opportunities.
The purpose of the research is to propose a shopping mall for Puerto Princesa, Tagburos. The
location is well-positioned to serve the area's increasing suburban communities. Currently, there are
few shopping centers nearby that can meet the needs of inhabitants in suburban Puerto Princesa.
Instead, small stalls, local markets, and individual retail complexes serve as the principal suppliers of
everyday essentials in the area. While these options are convenient for basic products, they do not offer
the same variety of retail businesses, recreational venues, or critical services as a shopping mall. By
developing a well-planned shopping mall in Tagburos, this project aims to enhance accessibility to
retail, dining, and lifestyle services while boosting local economic activity and providing a modernized
shopping experience to the growing population in the area.
This study examines the core identity and operational dynamics of shopping malls, focusing on
understanding their development priorities, demographic trends, and user behaviors. By assessing
these factors, a shopping mall can be designed to effectively meet the needs of the community. The
goal is to create an innovative design that seamlessly integrates both traditional and cutting-edge
technologies, resulting in a sustainable and efficient environment for users. The design should promote
inclusivity, incorporate construction techniques that address potential challenges, and offer solutions to
emerging issues. Ultimately, the aim is to develop a shopping mall that is functional, efficient, and
sustainable, by staying attuned to emerging architectural trends and ensuring adaptability in a rapidly
changing urban landscape.
Dynamics of a Shopping Mall in the Digital Era, shopping malls have transformed from merely
retail venues to dynamic lifestyle hubs that include technology, location strategy, and shifting consumer
behavior. According to Next Galleria, “Dynamics Changes Defining Landscape of Shopping Malls in the
Digital Era”. Technological developments, careful site selection, and changing customer expectations
are all contributing to the fast transformation of shopping malls. Malls are being transformed by
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digitalization with the incorporation of contactless payment methods, interactive kiosks, e-commerce,
and AI-powered personalization. These developments enable customers to interact with products using
augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), resulting in a smooth shopping experience that blends
online and offline retail.
According to Economic Times Retail, a mall's performance is largely dependent on site selection
and location dynamics, with both macro and micro factors affecting growth. Accessibility, patterns of
urban growth, and closeness to residential and commercial districts are important factors. Long-term
viability is ensured by malls situated close to transit hubs or incorporated into mixed-use complexes,
which often draw increased foot traffic.
In a published article, “The Site & Location Dynamics of Mall Development”. Consumer behavior is
trending toward experiential retail, causing malls to go beyond standard shopping experiences. Modern
malls are transforming into lifestyle destinations that include entertainment areas, co-working spaces,
cultural events, and interactive social spaces. Pop-up stores and innovative food ideas further improve
engagement, transforming malls into bustling community hubs where people meet not only to shop but
also to mingle and try new things.
Census.
Including a census in the research is crucial to determine the number of residents in a barangay,
as this data directly influences the viability and functionality of a shopping mall. Understanding the
population size helps assess the potential customer base and ensures that there is a sufficient number
of people to support the economic sustainability of the mall. This information also aids in planning for
appropriate infrastructure, ensuring that the shopping mall meets the needs of the local community
while remaining economically viable. In essence, knowing the population size allows for an informed
decision on whether building a shopping mall in the area is both necessary and beneficial.
As reflected in the 2020 census, these are census from the following baranggays;
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Adjacent Barangays:
Napsan, Bagong Bayan, Ihawig, Santa Lucia
Adjacent Barangays:
Santa Lourdes, Santa Monica
Climate
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● Overcrowding. Most people flock to the mall, and it gets too crowded. Thus, the design should
leave enough space and have multiple entry and exit points to help the crowd move freely
without congestion.
● User’s Movement and Circulation. If the mall is not well-organized, people might have trouble
walking around. Wide paths with proper signage and easy access to other places will ensure
the easy movement of people.
● Traffic flow. Given’s Tagburos growth, so traffic could turn out to be a serious concern. A mall,
therefore, needs to have a plenty of parking, well-placed roads and signs that are easy to see
for traffic to enter and exit easily.
● Prone to Flooding. Heavy rains are due in Palawan, which would cause the mall to flood. The
best way designers can work so that no flooding occurs is by raising the building, designing
one to move water easily, and building materials with the capacity to allow water to pass
through them, keeping the area dry.
● Disposal of waste. There will be a large number of visitors, and hence proper waste
management will be important. Trash and also recycling bins should be provided, and a
well-organized collection system should be provided to clear the waste on a regular basis so as
to keep the place clean.
● Security and safety. The number one concern is safety. This design will include proper
lighting, cameras, security personnel, and, in the unlikely event of an emergency, exits for
evacuation to ensure the safety of everyone.
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Brgy Tagburos in Puerto Princesa, Palawan.
Barangay Tagburos, located in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, is one of the 66 barangays in the
city. As Puerto Princesa continues to develop, Barangay Tagburos plays a crucial role in its
socio-economic and cultural landscape. This barangay is strategically situated near key transportation
routes and is a mix of residential, agricultural, and coastal areas. Its geographic position provides
access to both land and water-based resources, contributing to its growth and importance.
Puerto Princesa, Palawan also known as the City of Paradise. Named after a princess-like
maiden of rare beauty of the island, for historical records the place was named in honor of Princess
Eulalia of Spain. The national significance of Puerto Princesa city has emerged as the top tourist
destination in the Philippines. Its strategic location provides excellent access to Southeast Asian sea
routes, placing it close to Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei.
Puerto Princesa's vast and diverse geography, spanning 253,982 hectares, offers unique
opportunities for sustainable architectural development. The city’s mountain ranges and rich marine
ecosystems are central to its fisheries and tourism industries, making it important to design structures
that harmonize with the environment. Puerto Princesa enjoys good climatic conditions. It is outside the
typhoon belt of the Philippines and is rarely affected by the direct and strong winds of a typhoon. Its
favorable climate, free from typhoons, calls for architecture that adapts to seasonal changes, focusing
on energy efficiency and climate resilience. The cultural diversity of Puerto Princesa necessitates
inclusive architecture that reflects the community’s values of tolerance and respect for various ethnic
groups and religions. This approach can create spaces that serve both residents and tourists while
promoting social cohesion. (A City of Paradise, City Government of Puerto Princesa, n.d.)
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Puerto Princesa City in the Philippines has made significant advancements in sustainable
development, particularly in tourism and environmental conservation. The city’s tourism thrives around
eco-tourism activities such as the Underground River, mangrove paddle tours, and cave explorations,
generating job opportunities and economic benefits for local communities. Environmental sustainability
is a key focus, with initiatives like the protection and reforestation of mangrove forests, which increased
from 4,052 hectares in 1992 to 5,896 hectares in 2005. Annual events like the “Love Affair with Nature”
mangrove planting campaign and educational programs promote public awareness and community
involvement in conservation. The city’s forest cover is also growing through community-driven events
like the “Pista Y Ang Kagueban” festival. Under the leadership of former Mayor Edward Hagedorn,
Puerto Princesa became the first carbon-neutral city in the Philippines, balancing development with
conservation. Despite challenges such as limited resources and illegal activities, the city’s commitment
to sustainability, supported by education and policy enforcement, positions it as a model for sustainable
urban growth, emphasizing the importance of leadership, community engagement, and integrated
policies for long-term ecological and economic sustainability. (Jayagoda & Graduate School of Asia
Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, 2015)
Consumer Behavior in Rural Shopping Location in Relation to the Mall’s Dimension and
Attractiveness: A Palawan Perspective
According to the study of Jaba-an (n.d.), key factors influencing shoppers in Palawan include
brand availability, entertainment, convenience, ambiance, and customer service. These insights should
guide the design and planning process. The opening of Robinsons Place Palawan attracted shoppers
due to its modern ambiance, air conditioning, and diverse branded stores, which were previously
unavailable to its locals. While convenience remains important, curiosity and the mall’s upscale image
influence consumer behavior. Restaurants with familiar tastes, competitive pricing, and a welcoming
atmosphere are also favored. Despite Robinsons’ appeal, some shoppers remain loyal to NCCC due to
habit. Overall, Robinsons has reshaped shopping habits, encouraging more fashionable and
brand-conscious choices.
These factors should be carefully considered in the design and planning of a shopping mall to
create an engaging and functional environment that meets consumer expectations, ensuring a modern,
engaging, and customer-friendly environment.
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This study explores how visual merchandising influences shopper behavior in a Philippine city.
The research found that while 90% of shoppers notice visual presentations in malls, the majority do not
make purchasing decisions based solely on these visual cues. Factors such as well-planned store
layouts, courteous sales personnel, and product assortment were identified as significant influencers on
shopper preferences. To enhance the shopping experience in your proposed mall, focus on key
strategies derived from a study on visual merchandising. First, design a well-organized layout with clear
signage and easy navigation to guide shoppers through the space. While visual displays attract
attention, ensure they complement a thoughtful store layout and product variety. Offering a diverse
range of products that cater to different tastes will also improve shopper satisfaction. Finally, create
interactive spaces, like virtual try-ons or pop-up events, to further engage customers. By integrating
these strategies, your mall can create an inviting and effective shopping environment that encourages
both exploration and purchases.
This study investigates how spatial governance in Manila’s shopping malls affects social
interactions among mall users. It explores whether the controlled environments of private malls hinder
or facilitate meaningful social activities. The research focuses on three malls in Manila: Robinson’s
Place in Ermita, Harrison Plaza in Vito Cruz, and Tutuban Center in Divisoria. Findings suggest that
while malls implement spatial regulations, mall users can navigate these controls to pursue their social
activities, especially with the presence of facilitators such as specific persons, locales, and occasions.
In designing the proposed shopping mall, it’s crucial to consider how spatial governance affects social
interactions, as explored in a study of Manila’s malls. While malls implement regulations to manage
space, the study shows that users can still engage socially if the environment supports it. The mall
design should feature flexible, open spaces that encourage both spontaneous and planned social
activities, such as central gathering areas, event spaces, and informal seating. Additionally, balancing
privacy with communal spaces will cater to diverse preferences. By creating adaptable, inviting spaces,
the mall can foster meaningful interactions while maintaining necessary spatial control.
Foreign
Pull Factors of a Shopping Mall
Competition among shopping malls is intensifying due to more malls, diverse retail formats, and the
rise of online shopping (Tsai, 2010; Anselmsson, 2016; Koksal and Penez, 2015). To remain
competitive, malls must be strategically located and offer a compelling experience to attract and retain
visitors. According to Borgers and Vosters (2011), profitability depends on meeting customer
preferences with convenience, variety, and unique offerings. Malls must innovate by incorporating
entertainment, dining, and community activities to become destinations, setting them apart from online
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shopping and other retail options. The proposed mall can serve as both a retail hub and an attractive
destination for locals and tourists.
To effectively integrate this into the design, the mall should be strategically located to fill the
gap left by the absence of large malls in Tagburos. Since there are only small shopping centers and
stalls around the site, the proposed mall can offer a well-curated mix of retail stores, supermarkets, and
essential service providers to meet the daily needs of the community. Beyond retail, the mall should
incorporate experiential elements such as dining options, entertainment, and community-focused
activities, creating a space where people can shop, dine, and socialize without needing to travel far.
This approach will not only serve local needs but also create a destination that competes effectively
with online shopping by offering convenience, variety, and a unique shopping experience, making it an
attractive hub for both residents and tourists.
Analysis of Shopping Mall Tourist Satisfaction in Bangkok Using Word Cloud of Online Reviews
Thailand not only offers natural attractions but also attracts tourists through shopping activities,
particularly in Bangkok, which is home to many bustling malls. A study on customer satisfaction in
Bangkok malls found that factors like location, accessibility, support facilities, and mall design
significantly influence visitor satisfaction. Strategic locations near public transport or scenic views, such
as rivers, enhance satisfaction, while support facilities like food courts and clean toilets are also
important. However, high prices and poor seller attitudes were major sources of dissatisfaction,
particularly among tourists (Koksal & Penez, 2015; Tsai, 2010; Anselmsson, 2016).
These insights can guide the design of our proposed shopping mall. Focusing on strategic
location and accessibility, ensuring the mall is easy to reach by public transport, and offering scenic
views can attract more visitors (Borgers & Vosters, 2011). Incorporating essential support facilities like
food courts, clean restrooms, and convenient services will boost customer satisfaction (Behera &
Mishra, 2017). The mall’s design should prioritize spaciousness and modern aesthetics to make it more
appealing. Addressing dissatisfaction by offering competitive pricing and ensuring positive staff
interactions will help create a welcoming environment and make the mall a competitive and attractive
destination.
Maximising the Potential of Transitional Space in Building for Improving Thermal Comfort
through Vertical Greeneries.
As urban development increases and land becomes scarcer, green spaces are diminishing. To
address this, vertical greenery on buildings can be introduced, even in limited spaces. Transitional
spaces, which serve as buffers between the interior and exterior environments, can be optimized.
These spaces are not directly occupied but are crucial for connecting indoor and outdoor areas.
However, they require more energy to maintain a comfortable thermal condition. This paper explores
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the potential of vertical greenery to improve the thermal performance of these transitional spaces. The
crucial part is that greenery is high and regular maintenance since plants are living things. Serving a
greater cause will allow the users and the shoppers to behavior as it can change their mood by having
greeneries in these buildings and spaces such as shopping malls. (Prihatmanti & Taib, 2017)
Resilient Forms of Shopping Malls Amid the Rise of Online Retailing: Towards the Urban
Experience
According to Fujie Rao (2019). Examines how traditional shopping centers are adapting to the
increasing popularity of online shopping. The study highlights that, rather than being replaced, physical
retail spaces are evolving to offer experiences that online platforms cannot provide. This transformation
includes integrating various activities such as dining, entertainment, and social interactions to attract
visitors making it a place where people want to spend time rather than just shop. Shopping malls are
being redesigned to focus on urban experiences. This means creating spaces that are walkable,
mixed-use, and densely populated, encouraging a sense of community and public life, the study
suggests that while online shopping is growing, physical stores and shopping malls are adapting by
offering unique experiences and integrating with digital platforms. This evolution aims to meet changing
consumer preferences and maintain the relevance of physical retail spaces in the digital age.
Since Tagburos is a developing area, the proposedĥ shopping mall can serve as a community
hub. Instead of being just a commercial space, it can provide areas for local events, social gatherings,
and leisure activities. This aligns with the study’s idea that shopping malls should contribute to public
life and not just focus on retail. Additionally, the study emphasizes sustainability and urban planning.
Since Palawan is known for its natural beauty and eco-conscious initiatives, The mall could incorporate
green spaces and energy-efficient features. This would not only reduce environmental impact but also
create a more pleasant shopping experience.
Case Studies
Local
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extreme flooding on the surrounding community. In addition to its flood-resilient design, the mall
functions as a temporary refuge during natural disasters, providing safety for the community. SM
Prime’s proactive approach demonstrates how the gathered data can inform future infrastructure
projects in areas at risk due to climate change, ensuring long-term disaster resilience.(“ARISE Case
Studies in Disaster Risk Management,” 2015).
ARISE Case Studies in Disaster Risk Management, SM City Marikina (Marikina City)
The experience of SM Marikina City provides valuable insights for designing a mall in a
flood-prone area near a river. One of the key strategies is an elevated design, which allows the main
commercial area of the mall to remain above recorded flood levels. In SM Marikina, the ground floor
was set at an elevation of 20.5 meters, higher than the highest recorded flood level, reducing
flood-related damage. Additionally, constructing the mall on stilts ensures that the lower levels, such as
parking areas, are less susceptible to flooding. For better floodwater management, SM Marikina
designed its parking area without enclosed walls, allowing water to pass through freely rather than
accumulating and causing structural damage. The design’s impact proved effective by saving nearly 1
billion pesos in sales, ensuring business continuity, and allowing tenants and employees to resume
operations quickly after a flood. Adopting such flood-mitigation strategies, including elevated structures
and open spaces for water flow, would be crucial in ensuring a disaster-resilient design for any mall
near a river.
Market and Shopping Mall Design: Principles, Planning, and Architectural Insights; Lucky
Chinatown (Binondo, Manila)
According to a case study by Palawan State University, designing a shopping mall requires
careful planning, considering location, user experience, and functionality. A well-designed mall should
ensure smooth customer flow and provide diverse retail and dining options for convenience. A notable
example is Lucky Chinatown Mall in Binondo, Manila, which successfully combines modern shopping
with cultural heritage, including international and local brands, entertainment spaces, and the
Chinatown Museum. However, Binondo faces frequent flooding due to its low elevation and outdated
drainage systems, impacting both businesses and visitors.
To address flooding, Lucky Chinatown Mall implements various solutions, such as improved
drainage systems, water pumps, and permeable paving to absorb rainwater. It also utilizes rainwater
harvesting for landscaping, elevated entrances to prevent water entry, and green spaces to slow down
flooding. These strategies help create a safer and more sustainable shopping environment in
flood-prone areas.
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Festival Mall: In terms of Accessibility, Family-Friendly Design, and Adaptability Amidst Urban
Challenges
Located in Alabang, Filinvest City, Festival Mall stands out for its strategic location in a busy
business and residential area, with easy accessibility and a unique attraction such as the “River Park”
incorporating the Alabang River within its development, enhancing its family-friendly appeal. As one of
the largest malls in the Philippines, it offers a wide range of shopping options, comfortable circulation,
and a diverse retail mix. However, it faces challenges like competition from other Metro Manila malls,
traffic congestion, and occasional flooding. (Deig, 2024)
In designing and planning a shopping mall, similar strategies can be applied by ensuring easy
accessibility in a central location, incorporating unique features like natural attractions by integrating
local landscapes or water features and offering a mix of local and international brands. Additionally,
efficient layout design for smooth circulation, alongside sustainable solutions for managing the traffic
flow of both pedestrians and vehicles, would address potential challenges like congestion while keeping
the mall adaptable to future trends and competition. Though there’s no available information regarding
in terms of its flood mitigation some of its mall key features can still be applied in the proposed
shopping mall.
Foreign
Iconsiam, located beside the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok, integrates Thai cultural elements into
its design, enhancing its unique identity and aesthetic. The mall offers a wide range of shopping and
recreational experiences, accessible by both land and river and has contributed to the urban
revitalization of the riverside area. However, flood mitigation plans are crucial due to the risk of flooding
during monsoon season, along with considerations for water pollution and the protection of aquatic life.
(Ducasse, 2019)
In designing and planning a shopping mall, incorporating local cultural elements and natural
surroundings can create a strong sense of identity and appeal. For a riverside location like Palawan,
integrating the local landscape and ensuring easy accessibility are key. However, careful attention must
be given to environmental concerns, particularly flood management and sustainable practices, to
safeguard both the development and its surroundings.
Facility Layout Decision Model for Small and Medium Shopping Mall Impacts on Buyers and
Sellers
According to Suhardi et al. (2019), facility layout significantly impacts both buyers and sellers by
influencing shopping convenience, business visibility, and operational efficiency. A well-designed layout
enhances customer flow, improves store accessibility, and creates a comfortable shopping
environment, leading to increased satisfaction and longer visits (Behera & Mishra, 2017). For sellers,
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strategic store placement near high-traffic areas boosts sales, while efficient logistics and designated
employee spaces enhance productivity (Can et al., 2016). Additionally, clear zoning of businesses,
safety measures, and optimized pathways contribute to a seamless retail experience (Pope et al.,
2020). In designing a proposed shopping mall where only small shopping centers and stalls currently
exist, a customer-centric layout should prioritize essential stores in accessible locations, group related
businesses for convenience, and incorporate spacious walkways and natural lighting to enhance
comfort. Offering affordable retail spaces will attract diverse businesses and meet community needs,
while including efficient storage and employee-friendly areas will support operational efficiency,
benefiting both customers and business owners.
Integrating Nature, Community, and Sustainability: Lessons from Bal Harbour Shops for a
Shopping Mall
In the luxurious shopping mall in Miami, Florida, United States, Bal Harbour Shops is a
landmark open-air mall with lush landscaping and high-end retail brands. Opened in 1965, it has set the
standard for resort-style luxury shopping, which came complete with gardens and water features, not to
mention natural ventilation. Their only problem is that they are unable to further expand their market
due to the insurance fee location af the real estate. High demand for luxury retail space only expands
its need for additional room for new brands, fine dining, and premium amenities. Yet this is made hard
by the fact that expanding means working around zoning regulations and the availability of land.
The Bal Harbour Shops suggest a growth project that includes adding more retail spaces,
upgraded parking, and introducing cultural attractions while maintaining its signature open-air design.
The idea is to make it more exclusive yet contemporary though without losing its identity.
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