#

Karshapana
 ·
Ajivika sect

(Dedicated to Ajivika sect)

Ujjain
·
Taxila
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DELHI SULTANATE

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 Delhi Sultanate Period: 1206-1526

Foreign Invasions

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The first Muslim invasion: Mohammad Bin Qasim’s Invasion (712 AD)
In Sindh part of India Killed Raja Dahir
He came from Arab

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1001 AD: 1st attack
The first Turk invasion by: Mahmud Ghaznavi (998-1030 AD)

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The first Turk invasion: Mahmud Ghaznavi’s Invasion (998-1030 AD)

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1001 AD: 1st
Attacked 17attack
times During the rule of Jayapala
·
Country: Turkmenistan Attacked
Country: Turkmenistan Reason: 17 times (1001-1027
Revenge and Loot AD)
Death: 1030 AD Reason: Revenge (for his father’s
For his father’s (Subuktigin)
(Subuktigin) death
death and Loot)
Death: 1030 AD Due to Malaria

R Battles of Waihind: A series of conflicts

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between Ghaznavi and Hindu Shahi rulers
↑
Battle of Peshwar fought between Ghaznavi
Earlier ruled by: Jayapala
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and Jayapala (1001 AD)

Battle of Peshawar against
Ghaznavi
Ghaznavi invaded (1001 AD)
Somnath
Ghanavi 16th timeSomnath
invaded Temple (1025 AD)
16th time ·
Temple (1025 AD) Last attack in 1027 AD
17th time
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17th time Last attack: 1027Jats
AD looted Ghaznavi
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Writers during Ghaznavi’s time

Writers
Firdausi wrote:during Ghaznavi’s time:
Shahnama
· Al Beruni
Firdausi
wrote:wrote: Shahnama (also popularly known as Kitab-al-Hind)
Tahquiq-e-Hind
· Al Beruni wrote: Tahquiq-e-Hind
Al-Biruni wrote: Tahqiq ma li-I-Hind Also popularly known as Kitab al-Hind
 Also known as Muizuddin Muhammad Queen Naikidevi
defeated the Ghori
Second Turk invasion: Mohammad Ghori’s invasion (1175-1206 AD) army in 1178 AD

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1st attack: 1175 AD In Multan
1178 AD In Gujarat
Ghori attacked
Defeated by Bhima II Solanki Dynasty

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Tarain
Delhi Then ruled by Prithviraj III

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(Prithviraj Chauhan)
King ofGharwal
Kannauj
Jai Chand Battle between Prithviraj and Ghori:
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· n
Married
1st Battle of Tarain: 1191 AD (won by
Daughter: Sanyogita Prithviraj)

R 2nd Battle of Tarain: 1192 AD (won by

Ghori)

Bijolia Inscription provides early insight of Chahmanas/Chauhan Dynasty

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s
Writer in Prithviraj Chauhan’s court: Prithviraj Queen: Karpura Devi
Chandra Bardai wrote: Prithviraj Raso
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Someshwara
daughter
According to it => of Jaichand
Ghori attacked 17 timesSanyogita was married to Prithviraj
Chauhan
Ghori again invaded India
Battle of Chandawer
-a (1194 AD): between Ghori and Jai Chand (King of Gahadwal)
TICK to
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Remember
Qutubuddin Aibak (commander of
Slave Dynasty (1206-90 AD) S
Ghori) helped in Battle of Tarain
The Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD) K
Other slaves of Ghori:
The Tuglaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD) T
Yalduz
The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451 AD) Sa
Qubacha
The Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 AD) Lo
Bhaktiyar Khilji Destroyed Nalanda
I
SAKT SA LONDA University
 The Slave Dynasty (1206-1290 AD)
Also known as Mamluk Dynasty
Qutubuddin Aibak: 1206-10 Rulers belonged to Ilbari tribe /Shamshi tribe
He ruled Lahore (Capital)
He was given the title ‘Lakh Baksh’ (giver of Lakhs)
He died in 1210 while playing Chaugan or polo
He constructed two Mosques: Quwat-ul-Islam at Delhi and Adhai din ka e

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Jhonpra
Jhopra at Ajmer

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Quwat-ul-Islam next to Qutub Minar
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Technique
Arch Technique
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Built in: 12th Century
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Earlier it had Jain Monastries

Sanskrit Vidyapeeth
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Adhai din ka Jhopra at Ajmer

Aibak was only available to
complete the basement
He also begun the construction of Qutub Minar, in the honour of famous Sufi Saint
Khwaja Qutubuddin Bhaktiyar Kaki
He patronised writers like: Hasan -un-Nazami (author of Taj-ul-Massir) and
Fakhruddin ·(author of Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi)
 Qutub Minar built by
↑
Qutb-ud-din Aibak (built the
first story)
Iltutmish (who added three
-

↑
-

more stories)
Firoz Shah (replaced the top

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-

story 5th story)

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Qutub Minar (Indo-Islamic structure)
5 storeys (73 m)
Son-in-law of Qutubuddin
Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211-36) He killed his son Aram Shah
-

Nizam ul Mulk was his Wazir (PM)

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He made Delhi the Capital in place of Lahore
He saved Delhi Sultanate from the wrath of Chengiz Khan
died in: 1227 AD
(He attacked Transoxiana
region in 1219 AD)
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( Looked after

Finance dept.
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He introduced: Silver coin (tanka) and Copper coin (jital)

Organised the-Iqta System (Piece Piece of Land
of Land)
He set up the official nobility of slaves known as Chahalgani Chalisa (group of
40) L
Turkish slaves
 Razia Sultana: 1236-1240 AD Court language of Turks: Persian
Daughter of Iltutmish
The First Lady and only Muslim lady who ever ruled in India
Altunia, governor of Bhatinda refused to accept suzerainty of Razia, Razia
accompanied by Yakut marched against Altunia
Altunia got Yakut murdered and imprisoned Razia (In Quila Mubarak of Bhatinda)

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Later Altunia and Razia got married
In 1240 AD, Razia became the victim of a conspiracy and was assassinated near
Kaithal (Haryana) By Khokhar tribe

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She patronised: Minhaj-al-Siraj
ni (Chronicler
) Yakut was an Ethiopian slave
Wrote: Tabakat-e-Nasiri
He was naib under Nasiruddin Mahmud
Ghiyassuddin Balban: 1266-1287 AD

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He broke the power of Chalisa and restored the prestige of the crown
-
He established the military department Diwan-i-Arz
Title taken: Zil-i-Ilahi (shadow of Allah) Descendants of Afrasiyab
Insignias Chhatra
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He introduced Sijda (prostration before the monarchy) and Paibos (kissing the feet
of monarch) as the normal form of Salutation
He started blood and iron policy
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He adopted the policy of consolidation rather than expansion

·
His
num
Lasttitle:
ruler:
Original name:
Khaiqubad
Ulugh Khan
Qaiqabad
Baha-ud-Din
Last ruler of Slave Dynasty
He started Nawruz (Parsi festival) in Delhi Sultanate
One Liners
Tugril Beg, (MCQs)
the governor of Bengal under Sultan Balban, revolted against Balban, and
declared himself as an independent ruler of Bengal in 1279
PA

Sultan Mahmud came to India from Afghanistan city: Ghazni

Last ruler of Slave Dynasty
Chahamana(1287-1290
Khaiqubad ruler: Prithviraj
AD) III

Mongols under
Important Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana in North-East Iran in: 1213
Officers
Wazir: Prime Minister (looks after the finance dept.)
Muhammad
Amil: CollectsGhori attacked Tarbarhinda (Bhatinda), a strategic point for Prithviraj
revenue
Chauhan
Amir: Governor of Pargana
Naib: Incharge of all other dept. except finance
Muqti/Wali/Iqtedar: They hold iqta
 ·
The city of Siri which was second
=
of the seven cities of Delhi (1st>
city of Delhi: Qila Rai Pithora by Tomar Dynasty)

Malik Kafur and brother Oman

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&
He increase taxation in Doab region in 1325
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 z
(To provide medical care and treatment to poor and needy)
(to take care of orphans and widows)
 MUGHAL EMPIRE

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 C
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First usage of Gun powder massively
Babur: 1526-30
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi Battle of Panipat on April 21, 1526
Estd. Mughal Dynasty (lasted till establishment of British rule in India)
Original name: Zahir-ud-Din-Muhammad
Daulat Khan Lodi invited him to India
Calls themselves as “Uzbek”
He assumed the title of Padshah
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A

·
~
From father’s side he was descendant of
Timur and from mother’s end he was
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descendant of Genghis Khan

/

When was of the age 12 years old, he

became the ruler of Ferghana in 1494
-
He was forced to leave his throne after
the Uzbegs, another Mongol group,
invaded
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He conquered Kabul in 1504

Military strategy of Babur

Tulughma formation

Wars of Babur
1527:
1526: defeated
1st BattleRana Sanga of Mewar at Khanwa (Battle of Khanwa)
of Panipat
1527: He defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar at Khanwa (Battle of Khanwa)
 1528: he defeated Medini Rai of Chanderi · at Chanderi
(Battle of Chanderi)
1529: he defeated Afghans in Battle of Ghagra (Between Babur and Mahmud Lodhi)
1530: he died at Agra. His tomb is in Kabul

Autobiography
Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Turkish

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Gave excellent account of India and his empire
Translated in Persian, named: Baburnama by Abdur Rahim Khanekhana
Translated in English by Madam Bevridge

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Architecture built by Babur

Humayun: 1530-40 and 1555-56

Son of Babur
Eldest
e son of babur Kabuli Bagh Mosque Aram Bagh,
Ascended throne in 1530 in Panipat Agra
His succession was challenged by
He fought two battles against:
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Kamran, Hindal, Askari along with Afghans
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Shershah (Afghani ruler) at Chausa (1539) and
Kannauj/Bilgram (1540) · Completely defeated
by Shershah Suri (Died in: 1545)
-

Humayun after loosing battle took shelter at Safavid Dynasty (Iran)

RM

His sister, Gulbadan Begum, wrote his biography Humayunama

# After Sher Shah’s
Built: Din Panah at Delhi as his second capital
After
death, Sher Shah’s death Humayun invaded India
he regained
in 1555 and defeated his brothers the Afghans.
Original name: Farid Khan his empire in 1555
- He once became the
&
ruler of India.
Humayun’s Tomb, New Delhi
Bihar
Sher Shah: 1540-45 me Death: while climbing down the stairs of library
built by his widow Bega
(at Din Panah) in 1556 and was buried in Delhi
Son of Hasan Khan, the Jagirdar of Sasaram Begum (Haji Begum)
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Ibrahim Lodhi transferred his father’s jagir to him

1539: defeated Humayun in Battle of Chausa Title assumed: Sher Shah
1540: defeated Humayun in Battle of Kannauj/Bilgram and annexed Kannauj
He conquested: Malwa (1542), Ranthambhor (1542), Raisin (1543),
Rajaputanaannexation
-Rajputana annexation of Marwar (1542), Chittor (1544) and Kalinjar (1545)
Death: in 1545 while conquering Kalinjar Buried in Sasaram
Coin issued: Rupia and fixed standard weights and measures all over the empire
Built: G.T. Road Runs from Calcutta to Peshawar
Present day: Chittagong in Bangladesh
 Sarai

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Sarai: Houses fully covered for rest or keeping materials while travelling through the
G.T. Road
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Land revenue system: land was measured and 1/3rd of the average land was fixed
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as land tax. The peasants was given Patta (title deed) and a qabuliyat (deed of
agreement) which fixed peasants rights and taxes
Zamindars were removed and taxes collected directly

Built: Purana Quila at Delhi

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Buried in: Sasaram

Purana Quila at Delhi

Akbar: 1556-1605
One of the greatest ruler of Mughal Dynasty
Eldest son of Humayun
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Title: Jalaluddin
Full name: Muhammad
Abu’l-Fath Akbar
Jalal-ud-din BadshahAkbar
Muhammad Ghazi Ascended the throne at the
age of 13 at Kalanaur, Punjab
Regent: His tutor Bairam Khan
Hemchandra

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↑
2nd Battle of Panipat (1556): between Hemu (the Hindu General
of Muhammad Adil Shah) and Bairam Khan (the regent of Akbar)
Hemu was defeated, captured and slain

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Akbar tried to win over the Rajputas wherever possible and inducted Rajput kings into
Mughal service and treated them at par with Mughal nobility
Married: Harakha Bai (daughter of Bharmal/Biharimal)
·Bihari Mal Kutchhwaha Rajput ruler
of Amer, capital-Jaipur in 1562 or Bihar Mal
Rana Pratap Singh and son Amar Singh (Sisodiya Rajputs of Mewar), Capital-Chittor)
did not recognised his supremacy R
Battle of Haldighati (1576): between Rana Pratap and Mughal
A
army led by Man Singh of Amer.
Rana Pratap was defeated but never surrendered
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Religion proclaimed (new): Din-i-Illahi (1581) Based on synthesis of values from

several religions like: Hinduism, Islam, Jainism and Christianity

Only Hindu to follow this: Birbal

Not that popular
Built in 1570 (inin1569,
Won expedition Jahangir was born)
Gujarat
Built: ·
Fatehpur Sikri: in honour of Salim Chisti And shifted his court from Agra to here
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Agra Fort
Also built Buland Darwaza for Salim
Lahore Fort
Chisti - Built after: Victory over Gujarat expedition
Allahabad Fort
>
Humayun’s Tomb at Delhi (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
Note: Kumbhalgarh Fort
Kangra Fort of Himachal (Rajasthan) built by Rana -

Pradesh is considered the Kumbha of Sisodia Rajput clan

oldest in India of Mewar
Wall is 36 km long (it is considered as the second
longest wall in the world)
 -
1571: Akbar shifted capital to Sikri
-
1585: Capital shifted from Sikri to Lahore
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1598: Capital shifted from Lahore to Agra

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Buland Darwaza

Navaratna i.e nine jewels of Akbar

Birbal (administrator)
Abul Fazal (scholar and statesman)
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A
Faizi: Brother of Abul Fazal (scholar and statesman)
Tordarmal
·odar Mal: (Finance Minister, Dahsala Bandobast/Jabti)
Panch Mahal at Fatehpur Sikri
Bhagwandas (Mansabdar, son of Bharmal)
RM

built by Akbar
Man Singh (Mansabdar, Grandson of Bharmal)
Tansen (Musician) I
Akbar also built Translation Department
Abdur# Rahim Khanekhana (statesman, Hindi poet)
Mulla Do Pyaja ↑
Ramayana was translated into Persian
by Abdul Qadir Badayuni
Religious discourse
↑
Mahabharata was translated into
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Faizi: helped Akbar start Ibadatkhana Persian by Faizi and Abdul Qadir and
was called “Razmnama”
Tansen: originally served under Raja Ramchandra Singh

↓
Composed: Dhrupad Tomar, ruling in Gwalior
Gharana: Rewa/Gwalior “Miya title” given by Akbar to him
Gaz (unit of measuring
Original name: Ramtanu Pande length Later divides into
Abul Fazl: wrote Akbarnama (biography of Akbar) Tassuj (equal parts)
3 parts
3rd: Ain-e-Akbari
Played Rudraveena (Rabab) 1st: about ancestors of Akbar
(administration of Akbar)
2nd: about reign of Akbar L
Inspired by Sher Shah Suri
 Land Revenue during Akbar’s Reign
Land types recognition:
1. Polaj: land actually cultivated for each crop in succession
>
2. Parauti: Land
Land left
thatfallow
can befar a time
Left to for
fallow recover its strength
1-2 years time to recover its strength
3. Chachar: land that had lain follow for 3-4 threeyears
or four years
·
4. Banjar: land uncultivated for 5 yrs/more

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Best type (Cannot be left fallow)

Revenue fixed: in 10 yrs estimates known as Dahsala

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Tax taken: Zabti 1/3rd of it
He abolished Zizya

·
Death: in 1605 Tomb at Agra (Sikandara)

Administration If rank is doe

morethen
more thanthey
made JagirJagir
are made (revenue
(revenue
Started Mansabdari
(In 1571)
Mansab (rank) R rights for land) Jagirdari system
Decided on basis Zat Si pahi
A
Sawar Horseman
Highest rank reached: 7000
Payment on basis of:
Mirza Aziz Koka Raja Man Singh
RM

Cash Naqdi
Jagri

Last Expedition of Akbar

(
One Liners
Akbar (MCQs)
defeated Meeran Bahadur, ruler of Khandesh
↑
He won Aseergarh Fort in 1601 AD
PA

Charbagh style of architecture introduced by: Mughals

↓
He died in: 1605 Tomb of Akbar in Sikandra, Agra
Military commanders in Akbar’s empire: Faujdars
One Liners:
Kotwals: Police
S
Charbagh style of architecture introduced by: Mughals
Diwans: Revenue
~
Military
Bakhshis:commanders in Akbar’s
assist military empire: Faujdars
commanders
S
Humayun’s brother Kamran controlled Afghanistan and Punjab regions
Babur ascended the throne at the age of: 12
&
Mir Saman was given the charge of looking after the imperial household during the
Mughal administration
 Correct sequence order in terms of size: Paragana Sarkar Suba

...
~
Kotwals: Police
Diwans: Revenue
&
Bakhshis: assist military commanders
 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

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 Associations formed before Congress

Bangabhasha Prakashika Sabha

1836: by Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s Associates

East India Association

1866: by Dadabhai Naoroji

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Poona Sarvajanik Sabha 1st Indian to qualify ICS: Satyendranath Tagore

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1870: M G Ranade

Indian League
1875: by Sisir Kumar Ghosh Newspaper by him in Bengali: Amrita Bazar Patrika

Indian National Association

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1876: by Surendranath Banerjee, Anand Mohan Bose
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Bombay Presidency Association
1885: by Pherozeshah Mehta, K. T Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji
RM

Madras Mahajan Sabha: 1884

·
1884: By M. Viraraghavachari , G. Subramanian Iyer and P. Ananda Charlu

Dadabhai Naoroji
1st British Indian Member of Parliament
1st to calculate National Income and Poverty Line (1st by him)
PA

Rast Goftar (weekly newspaper) For Parsi Community ; Voice of India

Book: “Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India” Gives Drain Theory
Used the term “Swaraj” for the 1st time
Also known as “Grand Old Man of India”
3 times Congress President (1886, 1893, 1906)
 Formation of Congress
Founder: Ornithologist Allen Octavian Hume (qualified ICS, Father of Indian Ornithology)
>
-

in 1885

#
~
1885: First
Poonasession
(not possible due to
was planned to plague)
be held in Poona however not possible due to plague
I
1st session held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay -> 72 delegates attended this

No women participated and two Muslims participated

=> G

C
1st session
By Ilbert
>
-
Ilbert Bill: 1884, by Ripon

SS
-

A measure that allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British Subjects
in India
>
- But this received a huge backlash

Different Theories

-
/

Conspiracy Theory: R. P. Dutt R o

Saftey Valve Theory: By Lala Lajpat Rai (Young
(MonthlyIndia)
magazine by him: Young India)
Journal

Lightning Conductor Theory: Gopal Krishna Gokhale

A
-

Viceroy at the time of formation of Congress > Dufferin called Congress a Factory of
-

Sedition
RM

Important Sessions of Congress

-
D8
1st: 1855 W. C Banerjee, Bombay > 72 delegates attended

2nd: 1886 >

-
Dadabhai Naoroji, Calcutta >
- 434 delegates attended
PA

3rd: 1887 >Badruddin Tyabji, Madras -

> 1st Muslim President of Congress
/

4th: 1888-
> George Yule, Allahabad > 1st British President of Congress
-

1896: in Calcutta
I

National Song (Vande Mataram) was sung for the 1st time by Tagore
Written by: Bankim Chatterjee
1901: in Calcutta
1st time Gandhi appeared

1905: in Banaras
e
# Swadeshi Movement was formally adopted
Gopal Krishna Gokhale

1906: in Calcutta

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Dadabhai Naoroji
4 resolutions: Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott, and National Education

SS
1907: in Surat
R. B Ghosh
Congress split during this time into Extremist and Moderate

1911: in Calcutta
R
1st time National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana) Sung Written by Rabindranath Tagore
A
1916: in Lucknow
Ambika Charan Mazumdar
Merger of Congress Lucknow Pact signed between the Muslim League and INC
RM

1917: in Calcutta
Annie Besant 1st Women president of Congress

1924: in Belgaum (Karnataka)

Mahatma Gandhi (president) Only Session presided by Gandhi
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1925: in Kanpur
Sarojini Naidu 1st Indian women President of Congress and first women Governor of any India
state (Uttar Pradesh)
1929: in Lahore
J. L Nehru (President of INC) January 26, 1930 was officially declared to be celebrated as first

-
Madan Mohan Malviya Most no. of times
Independence Day
President
1931: in Karachi
Sardar Patel -
 23rd Jan: Birth Anniversary of
1937: Faizpur
S.C Bose and also celebrated as
J. L Nehru >
- 1st session held in village

!
Parakaram Divas
26th Jan 1930 was declared to be celebrated as 1st
Governor Generals
·

Independence Day

William Bentinck
1938-1939: Gandhi(1828-1835)
Vs S.C Bose
1st Governor
In 1938General of India In 1939
1835: Macaulay Minute English Education Act
1829: Abolition of Sati
>

Session Held at Haripura (Gujarat) and Session Held at Tripuri and S. C Bose was

C
Suppression of Thug
Subhash Chandra Bose was elected as re-Elected as President, but Gandhi Ji was
Abolished Circuit
President of INC Courts not in favour of S. C Bose leading to his
resign as Congress President

SS
Metcafe (1835-36)
·
Dr. isRajendra
He known asPrasad was elected
liberator asPress
of Indian President in 1939
Madan Mohan Malviya presided INC session most no. of times

I
JB Kriplani:(1848-1856)
Dalhousie President of last session of un-independent India and also during the time of
Independence
During his time
Doctrine President
Youngest of INC:
of Lapse (1849)
R
r8 Abul Kalam Azad
1st railway line (1853) From Bombay to Thane
Widow Remarriage Act (1856)
A
Governor Generals
Postal Act, Telegraph lines spread across
Warren Hasting ( 1773-85)
Wood’s Dispatch (1854)
Regulating Act 1773 1st Governor General of Bengal
RM

Pitts India Act (1784)

Mayo (1869-1872)
1st Anglo Maratha War (1775-82) Treaty of Salbai signed (1782)
↑
1st Census held at his time
2nd Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84) (1872)
Asiatic SocietyNot
of Bengal (1784)
complete, synchronised Census

Cornawallis ( 1786-93)
Lytton (1876-1880)
3rd Mysore War (1790-92) Treaty of Seringpatnam
PA

Arms Act (1878)

Permanent Settlement (1793)
-

Brought Vernacular
Death: India (Tomb inPress Act (1878)
Ghazipur) To ban local newspapers
He was father of Indian Civil Services
-
1st newspaper “Bengal Gazette” by: James Augustus Hickey
Wellesley ( 1798-1805)
2nd Maratha
Famous war (1803-05)
Newspapers:
↑ 4th Mysore War
Prabuddha (1799)
Bharata: by Swami Vivekananda
↑
Treaty of Bassein (1802) signed during his tenure between Baji Rao II and British East India
Al-Hilal: by Abul Kalam Azad
Company
-
Mook Nayak: by B. R Ambedkar
 Lord Minto (1807-13)
↑
Treaty of Amritsar (1809) signed between Ranjit Singh Vs Britishers

Hasting (1813-23)
·
3rd Maratha War (1817-19)
Anglo-Nepal War (Treaty of Sagauli signed) (1814-16)
· Ryotwari System by Munro and Reed

William Bentinck (1828-1835)

1st Governor General of India

·
1829: Abolition of Sati
Suppression of Thug
Abolished Circuit Courts
Father of Modern Education Macaulay’s Minute (1835) during his time

Metcalfe (1835-1836)
He is known as liberator of Indian Press

Auckland (1836-42)
1st Afghan War (1838-42)

Hardinge I (1844-48)
1st Anglo-Sikh War (Treaty of Lahore signed)

Dalhousie (1848-1856)
Doctrine of Lapse (1848)
1st railway line (1853) From Bombay to Thane (34 km)
Widow Remarriage Act (1856) (Canning/Dalhousie)
Postal Act, Telegraph lines spread across
Wood’s Dispatch (1854) Magna Carta of Indian Education

i
He founded Public Works Department (PWD)
2nd Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49)

Viceroys
Canning (1856-57)
1857 Revolt
He became the 1st Viceroy of India
EIC abolished
 Mayo (1860-1872)
1st Census held at his time (not complete Unsynchronised) in 1872

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He established Statistical Survey of India

Lytton (1876-1880)
Arms Act (1878)
Brought Vernacular Press Act (1878) to ban local newspapers
1st newspaper “Bengal Gazette” by James Augustus Hickey was published during his time
1st Delhi Durbar in 1877 to proclaim Queen Victoria as Empress of India
He lowered the maximum age of eligibility for Civil Services reduced from 21 to 19 yrs

Ripon (1876-1880)
Ilbert Bill Controversy
He repealed Vernacular Press Act
1st synchronised/complete Census held 1881
· Father of Local Self Government
Hunter Commission (1882) setup which was related to Education

·
Factory Act (1881)

Dufferin (1884-1888)
·
Formation of Congress

Curzon (1899-1905)
Partition of Bengal
Indian University Act
Calcutta Corporation Act
Curzon-Kitchner controversy
Young husband mission (to Tibet)

Minto II (1905-1910)
Muslim League formed in 1906 (by Aga Khan)
Surat split

Hardinge II (1910-1916)
3rd Delhi Durbar for King George V
Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi
 Chelmsford (1916-21)
Government of India in 1919

: Montague Chemlsform reform

Rowlat Act
Jallianwala Bagh
 SOCIALISM, SIMON AND CDM

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Theory of Socialism: Karl Marx Only option to remove the rich classes from society
is mass struggle

Reasons for Socialism

Russian Revolution (1917)
Formed by: M N Roy

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Formation of Party
Communist Party of India: 1920; Tashkent, Uzbekistan

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1925: formalised in Kanpur
In 1924: the party was involved in
People involved: S A Dange, Muzaffar
Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case
Ahmed, Shaukat Usmani, etc.
1929: Meerut Conspiracy Case

1920: All India Trade Union Congress

Joseph Baptista ·
R N M Joshi, Lala Lajpat Rai, Dewan Chaman Lal,
Father of Trade Union: NM Lokhande, he founded Bombay Mill Association
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Caste Movements
Self Respect Movement: E V Ramaswamy Naicker (1924)
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Mahad Satyagraha (1927): Dr. B R Ambedkar

Novels and Books

Bandi Jeevan: Sachin Sanyal
Pather Dabi: Sharat Chandra Chatterjee
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Philosophy of Bomb: B. C. Vohra

In Punjab-UP-Bihar
1. Formation of Hindustan Republican Association (1924) Kanpur
Formed by: Ram Prasad Bismil, J. C. Chatterjee, Sachin Sanyal

Kakori Incident (1925) Kakori village, Lucknow

Participants: Ashfaqulla, Roshan Singh, Ram Prasad Bismil*
,Ranjendra Lahiri
Hanged till death
 Transformed to
2. HRA HSRA (1928) in Feroz Shah Kotla
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Socialist
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·

By: Chandra Shekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev

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↑ By
1926: Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha By Bhagat Singh

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1928: Lala Lajpat Rai lead against Simon Commission and recited slogan “Simon go back”
Killed by Scott through Lathi Charge
1928: Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Raj Guru killed Saunders instead of Scott

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>
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↓ To avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai

In Lahore
&

1929: Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwer Dutt bombed Central Legislative Assembly
Reason?
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This Bill was Anti-
Against “Public Safety Bill” (1928) Nationalism as said by Swaraj

23 March 1931: Martyred -

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Purpose: to make deaf hear

Celebrated as “Shaheed Diwas”

Party
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1931: C S Azad killed himself

1929: tried to kill Irwin Alfred Park, now known as
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Chandrashekhar Azad Park where he

killed himself on 27 Feb (Allahabad)

In Bengal
1930: Chittagong Armoury Raid
- Lead by Surya Sen (also known as Master Da)
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Women participants:
↑
Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Dutta, Suniti
Chanderi, Bina Das
 GOI ACT 1919: Montagu Chelmsford Reforms

10 years later (But) “Why I Am an Atheist?” Book by: Bhagat Singh

1927: Simon Commission under the chairmanship of John Simon

Then PM in Britain: Stanley Baldwin

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Simon Commission
1928: This commission arrived India This slogan coined by “Yusuf Meherally”

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Revolt against it “Simon Go Back” 7 membered Commission (all white, no
Indians)
Madras Session of Congress (1928) Decision to boycott
Chairman: John Simon Simon Commission
Special session (only in Emergency)
President: M A Ansari
Response to Simon Commission
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Then Secretary: Birkenhead challenged Indians
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Nehru Report (1928): under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru
S C Bose, J L Nehru and Srinivasa Iyengar
Demands: formed Indian Independence League in 1928
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B R Ambedkar Were in Support of

Hindu Mahasabha 3 Simon Commission To end Separate Electorate
Founded in 1915 by Madan Mohan Malaviya
Demand for Dominion status

Delhi Proposals by Muslim League

14 points by Jinnah given

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Basic framework of Pakistan Constituition

Calcutta Session of Congress

Nehru Report Accepted

Irwin’s Declaration/Delhi Manifesto

When will the Dominion Status be
Round Table Conference (in London) by Irwin
implemented?

Congress launched Delhi Manifesto

 Lahore Session (Dec, 1929) ·
Dominion Status was 1st demanded by: Tej Bahadur
Presided by J L Nehru Sapru, M R Jaykar
Decisions taken:
1st Round Conference Table to be boycotted
Goal: “Purna Swaraj”
26 Jan 1930: 1st Independence Day
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31 Dec 1930:
29 Flag hoisted on the banks of Ravi river with slogans “Inquilab

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Zindabad” by J L Nehru
Gandhi launched Civil Disobedience Movement
Slogan by Moulana
T Hasrat

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Decisions Taken: Mohani
Gandhi launched Civil Disobedience Movement
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31 Jan 1930: Gandhi’s 11 Demands
“Inquilab Zindabad” :- Slogan by Moulana Hasrat Mohan
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31 Jan 1930: Gandhi’s 11 Demands

Dandi March
Allahbad Nevsari
1* miles
12 March-6 April 1930 240
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Gandhi marched with 78 delegates from Sabarmati to Dandi
Gandhi decided to raid Dharsana Arrested: 4 May
To violate Salt Law
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Spread of Salt Disobedience Congress Working Committee
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In Ryotwari Areas: non-payment of revenue

In Zamindari Areas: No chowkidar tax
In Central Province: defiance of forest laws

In Different States (leaders)

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Tamil Nadu: C Rajagopalachari In trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam

Malabar: K Kelappan (Vaikom Satyagraha)
Orissa: Gopalbandhu Choudhary
Bihar: Ambika Kant Sinha (Nakhas Pond chosen as site to violate salt law)
Peshawar: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan or Badshah Khan or Frontier Gandhi
And Kamala Devi “Red Shirt Movement”
Chattopadhyay Founder of: Khudai Khidmatgar
Dharsana: Sarojini Naidu Sarojini Naidu persuaded Gandhi to seek women participation
Manipur and Nagaland: Rani Gaidinliu

Said to Gandhi “Do not restrict men alone”

 Forms of Mobilization
Prabhat Pheri, Vanar Sena, Manjari Sena

Gandhi-Irwin Pact 14 Feb 1931 Gandhi’s demands:

Irwin’s demands to Gandhi: 1. Release political prisoners, not convicted of voilence
2. Give the property back not sold to third-party
Suspend CDM
3. Right to produce salt for personal consumption

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Participate in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhi-Irwin Pact was endorsed in here

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Karachi Session 29 March 1931
Presided by Sardar Patel

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2nd Round
Congress TabletoConference
agreed participate in 2nd Round Table Conference
CDM suspended
Meaning of “Purna Swaraj” The goal of Purna Swaraj was reiterated

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Program
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2 resolution adopted: Fundamental Rights and National Economic
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Round Table Conference
To discuss Simon Commission Report in London
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3 RTCs:
1st: 1930
2nd: 1931 Only RTC where Gandhi and Congress participated
3rd: 1932

B R Ambedkar was the only one to attend all 3 RTCs

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