SCH4U- Atomic Structure Review

1) Describe the contributions of the following scientists to our current understanding of atomic structure and the
quantum theory:
a) Bohr, b) DeBroglie, c) Heisenberg, d) Schrodinger, e) Pauli

2) Based on the quantum mechanical model of the atom:

a) What is an “orbital”?
b) What is the maximum electron carrying capacity of the following energy levels: n=2, n=4
c) What orbital sublevels would be found in the following energy levels: n=2, n=4
d) How would the number of electrons determined in 2(b) be distributed amongst the orbital sublevels in 2(c) (ie;
number of e- per sublevel)
3) a) Write the ground state electron configuration of a neutral atom of nitrogen.
b) Assign the quantum numbers to each of the electrons in your nitrogen atom.

SCH4U- Bonding and Molecular Shapes Review

1) Use Lewis diagrams to draw the following molecules or ions. Once completed, use the VSEPR Theory to predict the
shape of each. For each molecule, decide whether it is polar or non-polar.
a) PCl3 b) SiF4 c) CO32- d) H2S e) PO43- f) O3 g) CO h) NO31-

2) Methane and fluoromethane are two very similar molecules, despite their similarities, there is an 86 oC difference
between their boiling points. Which of these two substances would have the higher boiling point, explain your
answer.
3) The element iodine exists as solid crystals composed of I 2 molecules. A chemist wishing to dissolve iodine has a
choice of two solvents; water and tetrachloromethane. Which of these two solvents would be the best choice?
Explain your answer.
4) Consider a molecule of ethanal.
a) What type of orbital hybridization is each atom in the molecule using for bonding?
b) What geometric arrangement would each of these orbitals take?
c) Describe the orbital overlap that accounts for each bond, and specify the type of bond formed (sigma, pi)
d) What are the bond angles around each carbon atom in this molecule?
5) Consider the data in the following table for substances labelled “A” to “G”
Substance Melting point (oC) Boiling point (oC) Solubiltity in H2O Electrical Conductivity
as: solid/liquid/aq. sol.
A -94 65 SOLUBLE NO/NO/NO
B 1610 2230 INSOLUBLE NO/NO/NA
C 119 445 INSOLUBLE NO/NO/NA
D 660 2467 INSOLUBLE YES/YES/NA
E 770 1500 Slightly SOLUBLE NO/YES/slightly
F -182 -164 INSOLUBLE NO/NO/NA
G 2614 2850 SOLUBLE NO/YES/YES
a) Classify each substance as to the type of solid it represents (ie; molecular, metallic, ionic, network)
b) The substances labelled “A” to “G” above are identified in random order below. Match the letter to the
correct name and explain your reasoning. Quartz, calcium oxide, aluminum, methanol, sulphur, methane,
potassium chloride
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SCH4U- Organic Chemistry Review:

1) Draw the structural formula for the following compounds:

a) N,N-dimethyl-2-pentanamine b) 3-ethylcyclohexene c) methylpropanal
d) 2-chloro-3-methyl-2-hexene e) 2-ethoxypropane f) propylbenzoate
g) N-ethylpropanamide h) 2,3-difluorobutanoic acid

2) Name the following compounds:

b)
a)

Cl
O
d)
c) N
OH

g)
f)

N
i)
h)
O
O

k) O
j) O

3) Complete the following chemical reactions by naming and drawing the molecular formula the organic product(s).
Assume all required conditions are available for each reaction.

a) 3-methyl-1-butyne + 2Cl2 b) methane + excess O 2 c) 2-methyl-3-pentanol + KMnO4

d) methylpropene + HBr e) 2-methylbutanal + KMnO 4
f) cyclopentene + H2O (H2SO4 catalyst) g) dimethyl-1,3-propandiol + KMnO 4
h) ethanoic acid + phenol

4) Consider the following organic compounds: propanone, 2-propanol, 2-chloropropane, propanoic acid, propane
a) For each compound, identify the type of intermolecular forces acting between molecules
b) Rate the solubility of each compound in water as: insoluble, slightly soluble or very soluble
c) Arrange the compounds in order of increasing boiling point.

SCH4U- Energy and Rates Review:

1) When 13.4g of ammonium chloride dissolve into 2.00x10 2g of water the temperature changes from 20.0 oC to 15.3oC.
Determine the molar enthalpy of solution of ammonium chloride, write a balanced thermochemical equation for the
reaction and sketch an enthalpy diagram for this reaction. (Ans: +16.7kJ/mol)
2) The following chemical reaction occurs in a car battery:
Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) → 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
a) Given the following enthalpy of formation values, calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the above reaction: (Ans:
PbO2(s) = - H2SO4(aq) = - PbSO4(s) = - H2O(l) = - Answer: -315.6kJ
277.0kJ/mol 909.3kJ/mol 920.1kJ/mol 285.5kJ/mol
c) If it takes 39.5kJ to start your car, what mass of lead (II) sulphate is produced when starting the car?
(Ans: 75.8g)
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3) The combustion of ethane is illustrated by the following equation:

2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
a) Show how the following equations can be combined using Hess’s Law to determine the enthaly of combustion of
ethane (Ans: -3028kJ)
1) C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) H = -1409kJ
2) C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g) H = -136.7kJ
3) H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H2O(g) H = -241.6kJ

b) If you wish to burn ethane as a fuel to heat 550.0g of water from 12.5 oC to 100.0oC, how many moles of
ethane will be required? (Ans: 0.13mol)

4) Page. 414-416 in your text: Questions: 13, 14, 15, 16, 18

SCH4U- Introduction to Equilibrium

From your text: Page 457 Quetsions: 1-4, Page 465 Questions: 1,2 page481 Questions: 1-8

SCH4U -Solubility Equilibrium Review

1) Consider the following salts: AgI, AgNO3, AgCl, Ag 2CO3, Ag 2CrO4

a) List these salts in order of increasing solubility.

b) Write the chemical equilibrium equation for the formation of an aqueous solution of the least soluble silver
salt.
c) Determine the solubility in mol/L and in g/L for the least soluble silver salt.
(Ans:9.2x10-9mol/L, 2.2x10-6g/L)
d) Determine the solubility in mol/L of the least soluble silver salt in a solution containing 0.025M NaI(aq).
(Ans: 3.4x10-15mol/L)
2) You are given a 100.0mL sample of 0.0010M silver nitrate solution and a sodium carbonate (Na 2CO3) prepared by
dissolving 6.4x10-4g of sodium carbonate in water to form 100.0mL of solution. If the two solutions are mixed at
25oC, will a precipitate of silver carbonate form? (Ans: Kt = 8.0x10 -12)

SCH4U - Acid/Base Equilibrium Review

1) Determine the pH of the following: (a) 0.025M KOH solution.

(b) 0.075M HNO 3 solution (ANS: a) pH 12.4 b) pH 1.1)

2) Nicotinic acid is a weak monoprotic organic acid with the formula C 6H4NCOOH.
a) Write the equilibrium equation for nicotinic acid in water.
b) If a 0.050M solution of nicotinic acid has a pH of 3.1, determine the Ka of this acid. (ANS: 1.3x10 -5)

3) Consider the following salt:

KNO3 LiC6H5COO N2H5Cl LiCN NH4I

a) Group the salts into the following categories: i) neutral salts, ii) acidic salts,
iii) basic salts
b) For the salts that you classified as “acidic” or “basic” write the equilibrium reaction that will explain this property.

4a) What volume of 0.0150M HNO 3 is needed to titrate 30.0mL of 0.0250M NaOH to the equivalence point? What will
the pH be at this point? (ANS: 50.0mL, pH 7)
4b) Determine the pH of the solution after adding 49.5mL of HNO 3 (ANS: pH 9.97)
4c) Determine the pH of the solution after adding 50.5mL of HNO 3 (ANS: pH 4.03)

5) Hydrosulphuric acid is a weak acid with a Ka = 9.1x10 -9

H2S + H2O  H3O+ + HS-
a) Determine the pH of a 0.075M solution of this acid. (ANS: pH 4.6)
b) What is the percent dissociation of this acid? (ANS: 0.035%)
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6) Hydrocyanic acid is a weak acid with a Ka = 4.9x10 -10

HCN + H2O  CN- + H3O+
a) Determine the pH of a buffer solution prepared using 0.25M HCN and 0.010M NaCN. (ANS: pH 7.9)
b) What is the Kb of the cyanide ion? (ANS: Kb= 2.0x10 -5)
c) Determine the pH of a 0.15M NaCN solution. (ANS: pH 11.2)

SCH4U - Electrochemistry Review

1) Consider the following electrochemical cells. For each, write the correct oxidation and reduction half-reactions
and determine the overall cell reaction and the standard cell potential. Identify the cathode and anode in each cell.

A) ZnZn2+Cl2Cl- B) PbPb 2+NaNa+ C) FeFe3+SnSn2+

(ANS: E cell= (A) 2.12V (B) 2.58V (C) 0.10V)

2) Draw and label a diagram of the following electrochemical cell. Include in your diagram a salt bridge, label each
electrode, show the direction of electron flow determine the overall cell reaction and calculate the standard cell
potential.

MgMg 2+AgAg +
(ANS: E cell = 3.18V)

3) Balance the following redox reactions by the method indicated:

a) half-reaction method in basic solution:

CH3OH + MnO4-  MnO2 + CO2

b) half-reaction method in acidic solution:

MnO4- + S2O32-  S4O62- + Mn2+

c) oxidation number method:

K + KNO3  N2 + K2O