College of Agriculture and Sustainable Development
Cuttington University
Suakoko Bong County Liberia
Assignment #1
Course Title: Forest Taxonomy
Course Code: NRM 303
Presented To: Mr. Abraham Mahari
Presented By: 1. Nathaniel Gbanyan
ID#: 2220235
2. Fredrick Tokpah
ID#: 2220327
Date of Presentation: November 11, 2024
1. scientific name
Luehea divaricata
common name
Brazilian Yelakulu
Genus
Luehea
Species
divaricata
Medicinal values
1. The stems are used to relieve inflammation.
2. the leaves are used as a diuretic
3. The bark decoction is used in the treatment of arthritis.
2. Scientific name
Araucaria columnaris
Common name
Cook pine
Genus name
Araucaria
Species name
columnaris
Medicinal values
1. Respiratory infections: Araucaria columnaris has been used to treat respiratory infections.
2. Toothaches: Araucaria columnaris has been used to treat toothaches.
3. Ulcers: Araucaria columnaris has been used to treat ulcers.
4. Rheumatism: Araucaria columnaris has been used to treat rheumatism.
5. Amenorrhea: Araucaria columnaris has been used to treat amenorrhea.
3. Scientific name
Dillenia indica
Common name
Elephant Apple
Genus name
Dillenia
Species name
indica
Medicinal values
1. Diabetes: May help treat diabetes and its complications, including diabetic nephropathy and
neuropathy.
2. Skin and hair: The fruit pulp can treat dandruff and hair loss, and the jam-like substance can
treat dandruff and falling hair.
3. Stomach: The sepal has been used to treat stomach disorders.
4. Cough and cold: The bark, leaves, crushed fruits, and juice
4. Scientific name
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Common name
Jackfruit
Genus name
Artocarpus
Species name
heterophyllus
Medicinal values
1. Anti-inflammatory: Jackfruit contains antioxidants, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and lignans,
that may help reduce inflammation.
2. Wound healing: Jackfruit extracts may help promote wound healing.
3. Blood sugar: Jackfruit leaves and roots may help control blood sugar increases after
eating. However, jackfruit may also lower blood sugar, so it may interact with diabetes
medications and cause blood sugar to be too low.
4. Skin health: Jackfruit's antibacterial and antifungal properties may contribute to healthy skin.
5. Scientific name
Dracaena fragrans
Common name
Cornstalk
Genus name
Dracaena
Species name
fragrans
Medicinal values
To treat a variety of ailments, including respiratory issues and headaches.
6. Scientific name
Carica papaya
Common name
Pawpaw
Genus name
Carica
Species name
papaya
Medicinal values
1. Digestion: Papaya contains enzymes that help with digestion and reduce inflammation. Papain,
an enzyme in papaya, is used in some over-the-counter supplements to help with an upset
stomach.
2. Inflammation: Papaya contains antioxidants and enzymes that can help reduce
inflammation. This may help with acute pain, like from bruises or burns, and chronic
inflammatory conditions like asthma and arthritis.
7. Scientific name
Musa × paradisiaca
Common name
Banana
Genus name
Musa
Species name
paradisiaca
Medicinal values
1. Wound healing: Sterilized banana leaves can be used as a wound dressing.
2. Anti-hyperglycemic: The flower of the banana has anti-hyperglycemic effects.
3. Hypoglycemic: The methanolic extract of the green fruit of the banana has hypoglycemic
effects.
4. Antimicrobial: The plant has antimicrobial activity.
8. Scientific name
Psidium guajava
Common name
Guava
Genus name
Psidium
Species name
guajava
Medicinal values
1. Gastrointestinal issues: Guava can treat diarrhea, dysentery, gastroenteritis, and stomach pain
2. Skin conditions: Guava leaves can be applied topically to treat skin problems, wounds, and skin
sepsis.
3. Respiratory issues: Guava can treat bronchitis, asthma, cough, and lung diseases.
9. Scientific name
Ceiba pentandra
Common name
kapok tree
Genus name
Ceiba
Species name
pentandra
Medicinal values
1. Leaves: Fresh leaves are compressed to treat dizziness, and leaf infusions can treat coughs.
2. Roots: The boiled roots are used to treat edema, and the roots are diuretic, aphrodisiac, and
antipyretic.
10. Scientific name
Moringa oleifera
Common name
Drumstick tree or horse-radish tree
Genus name
Moringa
Species name
oleifera
Medicinal values
Used to treat asthma, bronchitis, diarrhea, flu, headaches, heartburn, hyperglycemia, malaria,
pneumonia, scurvy, skin diseases, and eye and ear infections. Moringa leaves also have antioxidant,
anticancerous, antidiabetic, and neuroprotectant properties.
11. Scientific name
Pinus taeda
Common name
Loblolly pine
Genus name
Pinus
Species name
Taeda
Medicinal values
Externally it is a very beneficial treatment for a variety of skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns,
boils etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices, herbal steam baths and inhalers
12. Scientific name
Chrysophyllum cainito
Common name
Star Apple
Genus name
Chrysophyllum
Species name
cainito
Medicinal values
1. Anti-inflammatory: Leaf extracts can reduce hypersensitivity and act as inflammatory markers.
2. Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral: Extracts from the leaves, stem bark, fruits, peel, pulp, or
seed can help fight bacterial, fungal, and viral infections.
3. Anti-diabetic: The aerial parts of the tree have been used in traditional medicine to treat
diabetes.
4. Antioxidant: The tree has strong antioxidant properties.
5. Wound healing: Leaf extracts can help wounds heal faster.
6. Fat uptake: Leaf extracts can help regulate fat uptake.
12. Scientific name
Bauhinia purpurea
Common name
butterfly tree
Genus name
Bauhinia
Species name
purpurea
Medicinal values
1. Pain and inflammation: Used to treat pain, inflammation, epilepsy, and convulsions. Some
studies have shown that it can have a significant effect on pain and inflammation.
2. Digestive issues: The bark is used as an astringent to treat diarrhea. A decoction of the root is
used to expel gas, flatulence, and stomach and intestinal pain.
3. Ulcers: A decoction of the plant is used as a wash solution to treat ulcers.
4. Poultices: Used to treat swelling, bruises, boils, and ulcers.
5. Fevers and stomach ailments: A decoction of various parts of the plant is used to treat fevers
and stomach ailments.
6. Respiratory disorders: Used as a folk remedy to treat respiratory disorders.
13. Scientific name
Trichilia emetica
Common name
Natal mahogany
Genus name
Trichilia
Species name
emetica
Medicinal values
1. Wound healing: The plant is used to treat chronic wounds, including those caused by infestation,
phagedenic ulcers, or cancer. A pectin isolated from the plant's polysaccharides has shown the
ability to fix complements, which may suggest its use as a wound healing remedy.
2. Other ailments: The plant is used to treat a variety of ailments, including abdominal pains,
dermatitis, hemorrhoids, jaundice, and chest pain.
3. Emetic, diuretic, and purgative properties: The plant is used for its emetic, diuretic, and
purgative properties.
4. Induction of labor: The plant is used to induce labor.
15. Scientific name
Mangifera indica
Common name
Mango
Genus name
Mangifera
Species name
indica
Medicinal values
1. Leaves: Inhaling the smoke from burning leaves can help with throat diseases and hiccups.
2. Flowers: Dried flowers can help with wounds, ulcers, dyspepsia, and diarrhea.
3. Fruit: Unripe mango fruit can help with dysentery, eruptions, and vaginopathy. Ripe mango fruit
can help with anorexia, dyspepsia, and cardiopathy.
4. Seeds: The seed kernel can help with chronic diarrhea, dysentery, and ulcers.
5. Bark: The bark can help with diphtheria and rheumatism.
6. Gum: The gum can be used in dressings for cracked feet and scabies.
16. Scientific name
Lagerstroemia speciosa
Common name
banaba
Genus name
Lagerstroemia
Species name
speciosa
Medicinal values
17. Scientific name
Acacia auriculiformis
Common name
earleaf acacia
Genus name
Acacia
Species name
auriculiformis
Medicinal values
1. Pain and inflammation: The bark is used to treat pain and inflammation. A decoction of the root
can treat aches and sore eyes.
2. Skin conditions: The seeds can treat skin diseases like itching, allergies, and rashes.
3. Rheumatism: An infusion of the bark is used to treat rheumatism.
4. Malaria: An ethanol extract of the leaves has strong antiplasmodial action.
5. Memory and learning: Research has shown that the leaves can improve memory and learning.
6. Diabetes: Studies have shown that the bark and empty pod extracts can help with diabetes.
7. Liver injury: Studies have shown that the bark and empty pod extracts can help with liver injury
18. Scientific name
Senna siamea
Common name
kassod tree or yellow cassia
Genus name
Senna
Species name
siamea
Medicinal values
1. Laxative: The leaves of Senna siamea are used to treat constipation.
2. Anti-inflammatory: The bark of the plant is used to make a decoction for diabetics.
3. Antipyretic: The roots of the plant are used for their antipyretic properties.
4. Antiviral: Senna siamea has been shown to have antiviral activity.
5. Antibacterial: The plant has been shown to have antibacterial activity against E. coli and S.
aureus.
6. Antioxidant: Senna siamea has antioxidant and antihypertensive activity.
7. Sedative: Senna siamea has sedative activity.
8. Blood cleaning: Senna siamea is used as a blood cleaning agent.
9. Digestive system: Senna siamea is used to treat digestive system disorders.
10. Genitourinary disorders: Senna siamea is used to treat genitourinary disorders.
19. Scientific name
Persea americana
Common name
Avocado pear
Genus name
Persea
Species name
americana
Medicinal values
1. Anti-inflammatory: Avocado pits may help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
2. Cardiovascular health: Avocado pits may help improve high cholesterol, high blood pressure,
and inflammatory diseases like diabetes.
3. Antimicrobial, anti-fungal, and insecticidal effects: Avocado pits itmay have these effects.
4. Free radical-fighting power: Polyphenols in avocado pits may have intense free radical-fighting
power.
5. Anti-cancer activity: Avocado seeds have shown anti-cancer potential in human and animal cell
lines.
6. Anti-neurogenerative: Avocado seed aqueous extracts have inhibited the AChE and BChE
enzymes
20. Scientific name
Brugmansia suaveolens
Common name
Angel's trumpet
Genus name
Brugmansia
Species name
suaveolens
Medicinal values
To treat a variety of conditions including pain, inflammation, skin infections, wounds, menstrual cramps,
headaches, and some believe it can act as a muscle relaxant, with applications for conditions like
rheumatism and asthma; however, due to its high toxicity, its use is strongly discouraged and should
only be handled by trained professionals.
21. Scientific name
Terminalia catappa
Common name
Tropical almond
Genus name
Terminalia
Species name
catappa
Medicinal values
1. Antimicrobial: T. catappa leaves have antifungal properties and can inhibit the growth of
Candida strains.
2. Anti-inflammatory: T. catappa leaves and bark extracts have anti-inflammatory properties.
3. Hepatoprotective: T. catappa leaves and bark extracts have hepatoprotective properties.
4. Antidiabetic: T. catappa fruit extracts have antidiabetic properties.
5. Antioxidant: T. catappa leaves and bark extracts have antioxidant properties.
6. Laxative: T. catappa is a mild laxative.
7. Galactagogue: T. catappa is a galactagogue for women.
8. Wound healing: T. catappa extracts can be used topically to help wounds heal.
9. Vermifuge: The red leaves of T. catappa can act as a vermifuge.
10. Dysentery: The bark of T. catappa is used to treat dysentery in Southeast Asia.
11. Hepatitis: The leaves of T. catappa are used to treat hepatitis in India and the Philippines.
12. Colic: The young leaves of T. catappa are used to treat colic in South America.
13. Yaws: The leaves, bark, and fruit of T. catappa are used to treat yaws.
14. Bilious fever: The bark and root of T. catappa are used to treat bilious fever.
15. Diarrhea: The bark and root of T. catappa are used to treat diarrhea.
16. Thrush: The bark and root of T. catappa are used to treat thrush.
Sores and abscesses: The bark and root of T. catappa are used to treat sores and abscesses.
22. Scientific name
Triplaris americana
Common name
Ant tree
Genus name
Triplaris
Species name
americana
Medicinal values
To treat a variety of conditions:
malaria, leishmaniasis, diarrhea, dysentery, pain, and inflammation.
23. Scientific name
Anacardium occidentale
Common name
Cashew
Genus name
Anacardium
Species name
occidentale
Medicinal values
1. Heart health: May help reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke
2. Blood sugar: May help manage blood sugar levels
3. Weight loss: May help with healthy weight loss
4. Anemia: May help reduce the risk of anemia
5. Bones and joints: May help boost bone and oral health
6. Immune system: May help boost the immune system.
24. Scientific name
Tectona grandis
Common name
Teak
Genus name
Tectona
Species name
grandis
Medicinal values
1. Leaves
Can be used to treat fever, malaria, anemia, and bleeding in the lungs, trachea, bronchi, or
larynx. Teak leaves can also be used to treat skin diseases and pruritus, a skin condition that
causes severe itching.
2. Flowers
Can be used to treat bronchitis and urinary disorders. Teak flowers are also diuretic.
3. Roots
The oil extracted from teak roots can be used to treat eczema, ringworms, and inflammation.
Teak roots can also be decocted to treat anuria, which is a condition where the kidneys fail to
produce urine.
4. Wood
A paste of powdered teak wood can be applied to treat acute dermatitis, especially from contact
with the caustic oleoresin of Anacardium occidentale. Teak wood can also be decocted to treat
gastrointestinal disorders like dysentery, stomach ache, piles, and constipation.
5. Oil
Teak oil can be applied to the forehead to relieve headaches. The oil extracted from teak nuts
can be applied to the scalp to promote hair growth and soothe skin itching.
25. Scientific name
Tamarindus indica
Common name
Tamarind
Genus name
Tamarindus
Species name
indica
Medicinal values
1. Digestive issues: Tamarind has been used to treat diarrhea and constipation.
2. Inflammation: Tamarind has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce pain and
swelling.
3. Fever: Tamarind has been used to treat fever and reduce body temperature.
4. Antimicrobial: Tamarind has antimicrobial properties that can help fight against certain bacteria
and fungi.
5. Allergic asthma and cough: Tamarind's antihistaminic properties can help with allergic asthma
and cough.
6. Immune system: Tamarind is a rich source of vitamin C and can boost the immune system.
26. Scientific name
Senna spectabilis
Common name
popcorn tree
Genus name
Senna
Species name
spectabilis
Medicinal values
1. Anticonvulsant: Senna spectabilis can treat seizures caused by maximal electroshock (MES),
pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and pilocarpine (PC). In one study, the lowest dose of the plant
protected mice 100% from PTZ-induced seizures.
2. Antimicrobial: Extracts from the leaves of Senna spectabilis have antifungal activity against
Candida albicans and other bacteria, fungi, and yeast.
3. Laxative: Senna is an FDA-approved nonprescription laxative used to treat constipation and clear
the bowel for diagnostic tests.
4. Anti-inflammatory: Senna spectabilis has anti-inflammatory properties.
27. Scientific name
Delonix regia
Common name
Royal Poinciana or Flamboyan
Genus name
Delonix
Species name
regia
Medicinal values
1. Inflammation: Delonix regia has anti-inflammatory properties and has been used to treat
inflammation.
2. Arthritis: Delonix regia has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
3. Diabetes: Delonix regia has antidiabetic properties and has been used to treat diabetes.
4. Pneumonia: Delonix regia has been used to treat pneumonia.
5. Malaria: Delonix regia has been used to treat malaria.
6. Gynecological problems: Delonix regia has been used to treat gynecological problems.
7. Constipation: Delonix regia has been used to treat constipation.
8. Fever: Delonix regia has been used to treat chronic fever.
9. Bronchitis: Delonix regia has been used to treat bronchitis.
10. Asthma: Delonix regia has been used to treat asthma.
28. Scientific name
Ochroma pyramidale
Common name
Balsa tree
Genus name
Ochroma
Species name
pyramidale
Medicinal values
The stem and root bark of the balsa tree, Ochroma pyramidale, have been used for medicinal purposes:
1. Back pain: The Lacandon people use the bark to treat back pain.
2. Childbirth: In one case, a small anthropomorphic carving made from balsa wood was used as a
medicinal aid in childbirth. The wood splinters were mixed with water and given to the woman
to drink.
29. Scientific name
Artocarpus altilis
Common name
Breadfruit
Genus name
Artocarpus
Species name
altilis
Medicinal values
1. Skin ailments
Crushed leaves can treat skin conditions and fungal infections like thrush. Breadfruit latex can be
applied to the skin to treat broken bones, sprains, and sciatica.
2. Ear infections
Sap from the crushed stems of leaves can treat ear infections.
3. High blood pressure
In the West Indies, a tea made from yellowing leaves is taken to reduce high blood pressure.
4. Digestive issues
Diluted latex can be taken internally to treat diarrhea, stomachaches, and dysentery.
5. Joint and muscle pain
Breadfruit contains prenylated phenolic compounds, which may help treat rheumatic and
muscular pain.
6. Other conditions that breadfruit is used to treat include:
arthritis, asthma, back pain, diabetes, fever, gout, liver disease, and toothaches.
30. Scientific name
Terminalia arjuna
Common name
Arjuna
Genus name
Terminalia
Species name
arjuna
Medicinal values
1. Cardiotonic: Arjuna bark is used to treat heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy,
and atherosclerosis. It's believed to improve blood supply to the heart.
2. Ulcer treatment: Arjuna bark can be used as an ulcer wash.
3. Fractures: Arjuna bark can be used to treat fractures.
4. Liver cirrhosis: Arjuna bark can be used to treat liver cirrhosis.
5. Hypertension: Arjuna bark can be used to treat hypertension.
6. Blood diseases: Arjuna can be used to treat blood diseases.
7. Anemia: Arjuna can be used to treat anemia.
8. Venereal and viral diseases: Arjuna can be used to treat venereal and viral diseases.
9. Headache: Arjuna bark ashes can be used to treat headaches.
10. Earache: Arjuna leaf juice can be used to treat earaches.
11. Blood in urine: Arjuna bark powder can be used to treat blood in urine.
31. Scientific name
Cocos nucifera
Common name
Coconut
Genus name
Cocos
Species name
nucifera
Medicinal values
1. Reducing diarrhea
2. Relieving fevers
3. Reducing inflammation
4. Reducing urination
5. Lowering blood sugar
6. Relieving asthma symptoms
7. Relieving skin inflammation
8. Helping with wound healing
9. Removing intestinal worms
10. Protecting bones
32. Scientific name
Rothmannia longiflora
Common name
Genus name
Rothmannia
Species name
longiflora
Medicinal values
The leaves, bark, roots, and twigs are used to make lotions and baths. The leaf pulp is used to treat
kidney pain and diarrhea with blood. Drinking the leaf juice is said to help during childbirth and labor.
33. Scientific name
Markhamia lutea
Common name
siala tree
Genus name
Markhamia
Species name
lutea
Medicinal values
1. Treating diarrhea: Reducing symptoms of watery and bloodless diarrhea
2. Treating infections: Curing parasitic and microbial diseases.
3. Treating pain: Managing pain and treating headaches, toothaches, and earaches
4. Treating other ailments: Treating anemia, asthma, coughs, convulsions, gonorrhea, stomach
aches, and skin complaints
5. Treating mood disorders: Inhaling smoke from burning the leaves and wood can help with
depression and other mood disorders
6. Treating snake bites: Applying leaves to treat snake bites
7. Treating syphilis: Drinking a decoction of the bark can treat syphilis
8. Treating throat problems: Chewing young leaves and shoots can treat throat problems
34. Scientific name
Spathodea campanulata
Common name
African tulip tree.
Genus name
Spathodea
Species name
campanulata
Medicinal values
1. Skin conditions: The plant's decoctions are used to treat eczemas, fungal skin diseases, and
herpes.
2. Pain and inflammation: The leaf decoction is used to treat pain and inflammation.
3. Gastrointestinal issues: The plant is used to treat stomach ache, diarrhea, dysentery, and
constipation.
4. Kidney and urinary system: The plant is used to treat kidney disease and urethritis.
5. Animal poisons: The flower is used as an antidote against animal poisons.
6. Malaria: The plant is used to treat malaria.
7. Diabetes: The plant is used to treat diabetes.
8. Viral diseases: The plant is used to treat viral diseases.
9. Wound healing: The plant is used to treat wounds.
10. Cataract: The flower is used to treat cataract.
11. Antiviral: The leaf methanolic extract has antiviral activity.
12. Anti-inflammatory: The ethanolic extract has anti-inflammatory activity.
35. Scientific name
Raphia vinifera
Common name
West African piassava palm
Genus name
Raphia
Species name
vinifera
Medicinal values
1. Treating various ailments: The plant is used to treat cancer, diabetes, malaria, measles, jaundice,
and dysentery
2. Aiding milk production: The fermented wine from the fruit sap is said to help nursing mothers
produce more milk
3. Treating stomach pain: The root extract is used to relieve stomach pain in infants
4. Treating hemorrhaging: An infusion of fruit is used to treat hemorrhaging
5. Treating liver problems: The young leaves are used to treat liver problems
6. Treating toothaches: Preparations of the root are used to treat toothaches
7. Treating digestive disorders: Fibers taken from the leaf sheath are used to treat digestive
disorders
8. Treating erectile dysfunction: The phytochemical compounds in R. vinifera extracts may increase
the production of sex hormones, especially testosterone
36. Scientific name
Citrus maxima
Common name
pomelo
Genus name
Citrus
Species name
maxima
Medicinal values
1. Antioxidants: Pomelos contain antioxidants that may help fight inflammation, which can cause
acne, digestive issues, congestion, and cancer.
2. Vitamin C: Helps protect cells and keep them healthy. Vitamin C also aids in the absorption of
iron, promotes wound healing, and may help to prevent disease.
3. Fiber: Crucial for digestive health and reduces the risk of heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes,
and certain types of cancer.
4. Heart health: Pomelo extract may reduce cholesterol levels.
5. Immune health: Pomelo contains vitamin C and other antioxidants that may help boost the
immune system.
6. Antimicrobial properties: Pomelo may protect against some strains of bacteria and fungus.
7. Slowing signs of aging: Pomelos contain antioxidants that may prevent free radicals from
damaging the skin barrier.
37. Scientific name
Citrus × aurantiifolia
Common name
Lime
Genus name
Citrus
Species name
aurantiifolia
Medicinal values
1. Antimicrobial: Key limes have antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties.
2. Cardiovascular health: Key limes may reduce the risk of heart disease. Lime peel may be
especially effective at keeping arteries healthy.
3. Immune system: Key limes may boost immunity. Vitamin C in limes can help prevent skin from
wrinkling and relieve asthma symptoms.
4. Kidney stones: Limes contain citric acid and vitamin C, which may help prevent or break up some
types of kidney stones.
5. Iron absorption: Limes can help increase the amount of iron your body absorbs.
6. Cancer prevention: Key limes contain naringenin, a flavonoid that has cancer-preventing
properties.
38. Scientific name
Morinda citrifolia
Common name
Noni
Genus name
Morinda
Species name
citrifolia
Medicinal values
1. Antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal: Noni has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal
properties.
2. Anti-inflammatory: Noni has anti-inflammatory properties.
3. Immune enhancing: Noni has immune enhancing properties.
4. Anti-diabetic: Noni has anti-diabetic effects.
5. Anti-cancer: Noni has anti-cancer properties.
6. Antioxidant: Noni has antioxidant properties.
39. Scientific name
Casearia sylvestris
Common name
Genus name
Casearia
Species name
sylvestris
Medicinal values
1. Gastrointestinal disorders: The leaves and essential oils of C. sylvestris have antiulcerogenic
properties and can reduce gastric volume. Aqueous extracts of the plant can also help with
gastric healing.
2. Inflammation: Leaf water extracts of C. sylvestris can inhibit phospholipase A(2), which may help
with inflammation.
3. Antimicrobial: C. sylvestris has antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi.
4. Wound healing: C. sylvestris has been used to treat wounds and skin ulcerations.
5. Anti-ophidian: C. sylvestris has anti-ophidian properties.
6. Antileishmanial: The essential oils of C. sylvestris have antileishmanial activity.
7. Anti-hyperlipidemic: Leaf methanolic extracts of C. sylvestris can decrease serum triglycerides
and lipases.
8. Neuromodulatory: Water extracts of C. sylvestris can affect the central nervous system.
9. Antinociceptive: Hydroalcoholic extracts of C. sylvestris have antinociceptive capability.
40. Scientific name
Monoon longifolium
Common name
Mask Tree
Genus name
Monoon
Species name
longifolium
Medicinal values
1. Antibacterial: The leaves have antimicrobials against bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi
2. Antioxidant: The leaves and stem bark contain antioxidants that help protect the body from
oxidative stress
3. Anti-inflammatory: The leaves have anti-inflammatory properties
4. Anticancer: The stem bark has antitumor activities
5. Antihyperglycemic: The plant has glucose lowering activity
6. Hepatoprotective: The leaves can reduce SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and bilirubin
7. Antipyretic: The plant can reduce fever
8. Cardioprotective: The extracts may help manage heart-related conditions
9. Gastroprotective: The plant can treat gastrointestinal issues like ulcers and indigestion
10. Wound healing: The leaves and bark can promote wound healing and reduce scarring
41. Scientific name
Cycas circinalis
Common name
Queen sago
Genus name
Cycas
Species name
circinalis
Medicinal values
1. Treating wounds: A paste of Cycas seeds mixed with coconut oil is used to treat wounds, ulcers,
swelling, and other skin problems.
2. Treating ulcers: Cycas gum is used to treat malignant ulcers, and the mucilaginous terminal buds
of Cycas circinalis are used to treat ulcerated wounds.
42. Scientific name
Bambusa multiplex
Common name
Bamboo
Genus name
Bambusa
Species name
multiplex
Medicinal values
1. Anti-inflammatory: Bamboo has anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Free radical scavenging: Bamboo can scavenge free radicals.
3. Liver protection: Bamboo can protect the liver.
4. Cognitive deficits: Bamboo can help with cognitive deficits.
