API 653

1. 1.3 Jurisdiction
If any provision of this standard presents a direct or implied conflict with any statutory
regulation, the regulation shall govern. However, if the requirements of this standard are
more stringent than the requirements of the regulation, then the requirements of this
standard shall govern.
2. 1.4 Safe Working Practices
Finally, procedures must comply with any federal or state safety regulations pertaining to
“confined spaces” or any other relevant provisions
3. ASNT SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
4. 3.10 critical zone: The portion of the tank bottom or annular plate within 3 in. of the inside
edge of the shell, measured radially inward.
5. 4.2.1.2 Roof plates corroded to an average thickness of less than 0.09 in. in any 100 in.2
area or roof plates with any holes through the roof plate shall be repaired or replaced.
6. 4.2.4.4 Operation at Lower Temperature Than Original Design
If the operating temperature is changed to a lower temperature than the original design,
the requirements of the current applicable standard for the lower temperature shall be
met.
7. Calculation of L (D, t2 are given)

8. 2 questions for each formulation below

9. 4.3.5.1 Shell distortions include out-of-roundness, buckled areas, flat spots, dents, and
peaking and banding at welded joints.
10. 4.3.6 Flaws: Cracks in the shell-to-bottom weld shall be removed.
11. 4.3.8.2 Excessive weld reinforcement does not require rework if the tank has a
satisfactory history of service. If the reinforcement will interfere with floating roof seal
operation, it shall be ground as required.
12. 4.4.2 Causes of Bottom Failure
13. Closed book Table 4.4
14. 15. 4.5.1.2 Some mechanisms of concrete deterioration are briefly described below.
a) Calcining (loss of water of hydration) can occur when concrete has been exposed to
sufficiently high temperature for a period of time. During intermediate cooling periods, the
concrete can absorb moisture, swell, lose its strength, and crack.
16. 4.5.3 Anchor Bolts: Distortion of anchor bolts and excessive cracking of the concrete
structures in which they are embedded may be indications of either serious foundation
settlement or a tank overpressure uplift condition.
17. 4.5.2.2 Concrete pads, ringwalls, and piers, showing evidence of spalling, structural
cracks, or general deterioration, shall be repaired to prevent water from entering the concrete
structure and corroding the reinforcing steel.
18. 5.2.3 Any change in service must be evaluated to determine if it increases the risk of
failure due to brittle fracture. In the event of a change to a more severe service (such as
operating at a lower temperature or handling product at a higher specific gravity) it is
necessary to consider the need for a hydrostatic test to demonstrate fitness for a new more
severe service
19. 5.3.6 Step 5—No known tank failures due to brittle fracture have occurred at shell metal
temperatures of 60 °F or above. Similar assurance against brittle fracture can be gained by
increasing the metal temperature by heating the tank contents.
20. 5.3.7 Step 6—Industry experience and laboratory tests have shown that a membrane
stress in tank shell plates of at least 7 ksi is required to cause failure due to brittle fracture..
21. 6.3.1.1 The external condition of the tank shall be monitored by close visual inspection
from the ground on a routine basis. This inspection may be done by owner/operator
personnel, and can be done by other than authorized inspectors as defined in 3.4. Personnel
performing this inspection should be knowledgeable of the storage facility operations, the
tank, and the characteristics of the product stored.
22. 6.3.1.2 The interval of such inspections shall be consistent with conditions at the
particular site, but shall not exceed one month.
23. 6.3.3.3 Internal inspection of the tank shell, when the tank is out of service, can be
substituted for a program of external ultrasonic thickness measurement if the internal
inspection interval is equal to or less than the interval required in 6.3.3.2 b).
24. 6.3.4 Cathodic Protection Surveys
6.3.4.1 Where exterior tank bottom corrosion is controlled by a cathodic protection system,
periodic surveys of the system shall be conducted in accordance with API 651. The
owner/operator shall review the survey results.
25. Which activities will a corrosion specialist get involved in (Drag and Drop questions)
26. For example, the maximum interval for a . in. bottom that has a release prevention barrier
and a fiberglass lining would be determined as follows:
10 years (initial) + 5 years (fiberglass lining) + 10 years (release prevention barrier) = 25
years.
 27. 3 questions related to Table 6.1 (Open book)

28. 6.4.2.1.2 As an alternative to establishing the initial interval in accordance with 6.4.2.1 and Table 6.1,
the initial internal inspection date and reassessment can be established using Risk Based Inspection
(RBI) assessment per6.4.2.2.2.
These assessments may establish an initial inspection interval exceeding 10 years but shall not exceed
20 years for tanks without a Release Prevention Barrier, or 30 years for tanks with a Release Prevention
Barrier except as follows. If an RBI assessment has been performed, the maximum initial internal
inspection interval does not apply to tanks storing the following.
1) Highly viscous substances which solidify at temperatures below 110 °F, (some examples of these
substances
are: asphalt, roofing flux, residuum, vacuum bottoms and reduced crude), or;
29. The RBI assessment shall be performed by a team including inspection and engineering expertise
knowledgeable in the proper application of API RP 580 principles, tank design, construction, and modes
of deterioration. The RBI assessment shall be reviewed and approved by a team as above at intervals not
to exceed 10 years or more often if warranted by process, equipment, or consequence changes.
30. 6.5 Alternative to Internal Inspection to Determine Bottom Thickness
In cases where construction, size, or other aspects allow external access to the tank bottom to determine
bottom thickness, an external inspection in lieu of an internal inspection is allowed to meet the data
requirements of
Table 4.4. However, in these cases, consideration of other maintenance items may dictate internal
inspection intervals. This alternative approach shall be documented and made part of the permanent
record of the tank.
31. 6.10 Nondestructive Examination (NDE)
Personnel performing NDE shall meet the qualifications identified in 12.1.1.2, but need not be certified in
accordance with Annex D. The results of any NDE work, however, must be considered in the evaluation
of the tank by an authorized inspector.
32. 7.2 New Materials
All new materials used for repair, alterations, or reconstruction shall conform to the current applicable
standard.
33. 7.3.1.2 Each individual plate for which adequate identification does not exist shall be subjected to
chemical
analysis and mechanical tests as required in ASTM A6 and ASTM A370 including Charpy V-notch.
34. 7.3.2 Structural
Existing rolled structural shapes that are to be reused shall meet the requirement of ASTM A7 as a
minimum.
35. 7.3.3.1 Flange material shall meet the minimum requirements of the material specifications in the as-
built standard
36. 8.2 New Weld Joints
8.2.1 Weld joint details shall meet the welding requirements of the current applicable standard.
37. 9.2.1 Minimum Thickness of Replacement Shell Plate
The minimum thickness of the replacement shell plate material shall be calculated in accordance with the
as-built
standard. The thickness of the replacement shell plate shall not be less than the greatest nominal
thickness of any
plate in the same course adjoining the replacement plate except where the adjoining plate is a thickened
insert
plate. Any changes from the original design conditions, such as specific gravity, design pressure, liquid
level, and
shell height, shall be considered.
38. The questions given C,R,B dimension and thickness of plate. Ask why this tombstone is rejected

39. 9.9.4

40. 9.10.1.2.3 Welded-on patch plates are not permitted in the critical zone on a tank bottom with an
operating
temperature exceeding 200 ÆF for carbon steel or 100 ÆF for stainless steel.
41. 9.14.5.3 After the reinforcing plate has been welded to the shell and NDE performed, the pad shall be
pneumatically tested by the procedure described in API 650, Section 7.3.5. After the valve has been
installed on the flange, a
pressure test at least 1.5 times the hydrostatic head shall be performed on the nozzle prior to mounting
the hot tap
machine, which shall be bolted to the valve. The required pressure for the pressure test shall be at least
the value
computed by the following equation:
42. 10.5.2.1 The maximum out-of-plumbness of the top of the shell relative to the bottom of the shell shall
not exceed 1/100 of the total tank height, with a maximum of 5 in. The 1/100 criteria, with a maximum of 5
in
43. 10.5.4 Peaking
With a horizontal sweep board 36-in. long, peaking shall not exceed 1/2 in. The sweep board shall be
made to the true outside radius of the tank.
44. 10.5.5 Banding
With a vertical sweep board 36-in. long, banding shall not exceed 1 in.
45. 11.2.2 The welder or welding operator’s identification mark shall be hand- or machine-stamped
adjacent to and at intervals not exceeding 3 ft along the completed welds. In lieu of stamping, a record
may be kept that identifies the welder or welding operator employed for each welded joint; these records
shall be accessible to the inspector. Roof plate welds and flange-to-nozzle-neck welds do not require
welder identification
46. 11.3.1
d) The weld area shall be preheated and maintained at a minimum temperature of 150 °C (300 °F) during
welding. The 150 °C (300 °F) temperature shall be checked to assure that 100 mm (4 in.) of the material
or four times the material thickness (whichever is greater) on each side of the groove is maintained at the
minimum temperature during welding. The maximum inter-pass temperature shall not exceed 315 °C
(600 °F). When the weld does not penetrate through the full thickness of the material, the minimum
preheat and maximum inter-pass temperatures need only be maintained at a distance of 100 mm (4 in.)
or four times the depth of the repair weld (whichever is greater) on each side of the joint.
47. 12.1.2.1 Ultrasonic examination of shell plate for laminations shall be made in the immediate area
affected when:
a) adding a reinforcing plate to an existing unreinforced penetration,
b) adding a hot tap connection.
48. 12.1.2.4 Completed welds of stress-relieved assemblies shall be examined by the magnetic particle or
liquid penetrant methods after stress relief, but before hydrostatic testing.
49. 12.1.4.1 The welds of permanent attachments (not including shell-to-bottom welds) and areas where
temporary attachments are removed and the remaining weld projections have been removed shall be
examined visually.
50. 12.1.6.1 New welding on the shell-to-bottom joint shall be examined for its entire length by using a
right-angle vacuum box and a solution film, or by applying light diesel oil.
51. 12.2.1.6.2 For square and rectangular replacement plates, at least one radiograph shall be taken in a
vertical joint, and at least one in a horizontal joint, and one in each corner. When the square or
rectangular replacement plate is located in a shell plate with thickness exceeding 1 in., the vertical joints
shall be fully radiographed.
52. 12.3.3.7 Fitness-for-Service Evaluation
The owner/operator may utilize a fitness-for-service or other appropriate evaluation methodology based
on established principles and practices to exempt a repair from hydrostatic testing. The procedures and
acceptance criteria for conducting an alternative analysis are not included in this standard. This
evaluation shall be performed by an engineer experienced in storage tank design and the evaluation
methodologies used.
53. 13.1.1.2 The new nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to the existing nameplate, if
any. An existing nameplate shall be left attached to the tank.
54. 13.2.3
d) radiographs (radiographs shall be retained for at least one year);
55. What is other name of Rigid body tilting of a tank (planar tilt).
56. Matching questions (Type of settlement vs features of each settlement)

API 571
1. 4.2.7.3 Critical Factors: In most cases, brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures below the
Charpy impact transition temperature (or ductile-to-brittle transition temperature), the point at
which the toughness of the
material drops off sharply.
2. 4.3.2.1 Description of Damage
A form of corrosion that occurs from moisture associated with atmospheric conditions. Marine
environments and moist polluted industrial environments with airborne contaminants are most severe. Dry
rural environments cause very little corrosion
3. CUI Question: which location is least likely CUI can happen (I choose have more sunlight side of
tank. Other options are places where moistures/waters can be trapped and collected
4. 4.5.1.3. Nickel content of the alloy has a major affect on resistance. The greatest susceptibility is
at a nickel
content of 8% to 12%. Alloys with nickel contents above 35% are highly resistant and alloys above 45%
are nearly immune.
5. 4.5.3. caustic corrosion cracking
A tank stored NaOH, KaOH and caustic embrittlement happened. What type of appearance
(General thinning, cracking, localized corrosion,..)
6. 5.1.1.10. f) In some instances at a pH above 4.5, a thicker, porous sulfide film layer can form.
This can promote pitting under sulfide deposits. Typically, this does not affect the general
corrosion rate.
7. 7. 4.3.8.3 Critical Factors
a) MIC is usually found in aqueous environments or services where water is always or sometimes
present, especially where stagnant or low-flow conditions allow and/or promote the growth of
microorganisms.
8. 4.3.8.5 Appearance or Morphology of Damage
a) MIC corrosion is usually observed as localized pitting under deposits or tubercles that shield the
organisms
9. Given 80% and Temperature 125DegF, what is corrosion rate (50mil)

API 651
1. Annual survey of cathodic system will limited to what activities
2. What is disadvantage of impressed current system (high more frequency)

API 652
3. The principle of application of thin lining in compared with thick lining (less cost and easy
application)
4. 6.2.2 Advantages of Thin-film Linings
Thin-film lining systems are often used for application to the product side of the bottoms of new
storage tanks
5. The anchor pattern required for linings is typically 1.5 mils to 4.0 mils (38 microns to 102
microns) and generally increases with the thickness of the lining
6. 8.3 Temperature and Humidity Control
The temperature of the steel surface should conform to the lining manufacturer’s
recommended application and curing ranges. As a general rule, the surface temperature
must be at least 5 °F (3 °C) above the dew point temperature
7. 9.3.2 Film Thickness
Inspection shall verify that as the lining is applied, wet film thickness measurements are being
made in accordance with ASTM D4414. After the lining has cured sufficiently to allow
handling, dry film thickness measurements should be made in accordance with the specified
method to determine dry film thickness or SSPC PA 2, if not otherwise stated.
8. 9.3.4 Lining Discontinuities
Holiday testing of thick-film linings shall be carried out with a high-voltage detector in
accordance with NACE RP0188. Holiday testing of thin-film linings should be performed with
a low-voltage (67.5 volts) wet sponge detector

API 575
1. The HAZ definition
2. Discontinity definition
3. Ultrasonic Inspection System Calibration The temperature of the calibration standard should
be within 25°F (14°C) of the part to be examined.
API 650
1. 5.10.2.6 Frangible Roof:
- The slope of the roof at the top angle attachment does not exceed 2:12.
2. Filling rate:

3. 5.1.1.2 double-welded butt joint

SECTION V
1. Density limitation for X-ray (CB)
2. Excessive Backscatter (CB)