Table 2.

Summary of two-way ANOVA for fatigue and taping conditions on normal hand
(left hand).

Variable and source df MS F _2

Mean force of pinch in wrist flexion *p < .05

Fatigue 1 9994.305 12.607* .808

Taping 1 9990.031 0.035 .012
Fatigue _ Taping 1 9990.321 4.029 .012
Variability of pinch force in wrist flexion
Fatigue 1 9990.011 0.453 .131
Taping 1 9990.005 0.357 .106

Fatigue _ Taping 1 9990.012 11.354* .791

MPF for FCU in wrist flexion
Fatigue 1 3864.021 53.114* .947
Taping 1 9556.309 2.056 .407
Fatigue _ Taping 1 9925.319 0.177 .056
MPF for FCU in ulnar deviation

MANAGEMENT SCAR TISSUE

Fatigue 1 2507.481 12.172* .802
Taping 1 1351.867 91.795 .374 OF
Fatigue _ Taping 1 9989.015 94.546 .602
Kim Rock Stockheimer
MPF for FCU in radial deviation University of Wisconsin, LaCrosse Wisconsin
Fatigue 1 1247.838 40.112* .930
Summary Preventing Scars

Epidermis
Taping 1 9277.431 0.514 .146 Techniques for taping pitted skin and Cover the wound so the wound stays
Fatigue _ Taping 1 9983.215 3.151 .512 adhered scars . Emphasis of Presenta- moist to prevent scab formation.
tion: Scar management (Scabbing presents a barrier to healing)

Dermis
*The scab can create a barrier like ring
When you suffer a cut, scrape, injury or and the wound has an increased depth
Conclusion: surgical opening that goes beyond the that it has to go for healing.
The carpal tunnel is clinically significant not only because of the importance of the struc- superficial layer (epidermis), and down Be very careful with moisture as too

Subcutaneous Tissue
to the second layer (dermis), exposure much moisture around the wound can
tures within it, but also because of the frequent incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome and its of the collagen occurs, which is then al- cause maceration, which is skin break
resulting clinical problems. In this syndrome, compression of the median nerve can restrict lowed to come to the skin’s surface. Scars down.
mainly consist of collagen. Applying light pressure through com-
motor function as well as sensation along the median nerve distribution of the hand. Less pressive dressings or pads on the wound
frequently, constriction of the tunnel traps the tendons running through it, and restricts, and Although it is possible to soften, or even as it is healing keeps collagen from pop-
get rid of an old scar, your best move is ping up above the skin when a wound is
may even prevent, flexion the fingers. to stop scars from forming. It is easier to healing.
prevent a scar than to reduce it once it Normal Skin consists of;
Epidermis which is the outermost layer of the skin
forms. The key to preventing scars is to Dermis lies just deep to the epidermis.

In testing of wrist flexion toward the radial side, when subject’s flexor carpi radialis weakness break up the collagen and not allow it
Underneath the skin is the subcutaneous tissue and muscle
Collagen is a protein that is mainly found in the

caused decreases the strength of wrist flexion, and pronation strength may be diminished, to bond to your skin’s top layer. second layer of your skin, called the dermis

causing an ulnar deviation of the hand. Wrist flexion toward the ulnar side, when subject’s
flexor carpi ulnar weakness caused decrease in the strength of wrist flexion, and may result in
a radial deviation of the hand. Flexion of the wrist, when subject’s palmaris longus weakness
resulted in decrease in the ability to cup the palm of the hand. (Kendall & McCreary, 1983)

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 Scar Taping with Directional Pull:
Kinesio Taping Scars Scar taping:
Position the patient in maxi-
Caution: When Kinesio Taping Scars, do not apply Kinesio Tape on a scar until it is mal muscular and fascial/skin
elongation of the area of the
well healed. This would be when the scar is in its middle to later remodeling stage of scar. Apply a base “I” tape with
25-50% stretch. Rub the tape
healing. (Around 2-4 weeks after the wound is closed). Applying tape too early could after application to adhere
the tape.
cause extensive damage to the tissue. This could slow down wound healing. Be extra
Scar taping with directional pull is Adhered point on a long scar. Start anchor away from adhered point and then
careful with patients with diabetes, venous insufficiency, and peripheral neuropathy. It used to assist in the softening of scar stretch the tape toward the scar with 25% tension then apply tape. You can add a
tissue and to reduce adhesions. Posi- second piece if needed.
is recommended that gentle manual techniques be provided as soon as the wound is tion patient in maximal muscular,
fascial/skin elongation of the area of
closed prior to starting Kinesio Taping methods. the scar. Lay down an “I” tape with
25-50% stretch. Rub the tape after
application to adhere the tape. Place
Remember to start gently with cross strips with pulling the base
scar tissue. You can gradually strip in the desired direction with
Scar taping assists in the softening of scar tissue and reducing adhesions and pit- 25-5-% stretch in tape.
increase the tension to 50% only if
the integrity of the skin can toler-
ting. It helps to make the scar soft, flat and pliable and ultimately reduces the risk of ate it. If the skin is too fragile, use
only a gentle manual technique. You can add tape in 2 directions if Directional side pull. At times
contractures. Low load-prolong duration stress on scar tissue, Helps to soften and needed. There are times when it is the whole scar is adhered in one
appropriate to apply a second tape direction. A side taping may be
remodel scar tissue. Applied stress to the scar helps to lay down collagen fibers in a at a different direction. Make sure appropriate with 25% tension.
to apply with 25% tension.
more parallel pattern. Stress can be provided in the form of pressure or stretch.

Mechanical pressure with a corresponding stretch applied to a scar will eventu-

ally remodel the hypertrophic scar. If mechanical pressure is applied directly to the

scar as soon as the development of hypertrophic scar is clinically evident, whorl like Scar taping for pitting
scars:
and nodular formations will change resulting in the reorientation of collagen fibers
Such as after open reduction with
Scar on knee after reconstructive Taping of scar induration to Taping of scar induration with
to elongated parallel patterns. Future contracture and hypertrophy is prevented or external fixation or surgical scars
surgery on the Anterior Cruciate soften it. Cut 1/4 inch wide strips a directional pull. Taping of scar
is used to assist in the softening of
Ligament. about 2 inches long. Start the an- induration to soften it. Cut 1/4 inch
diminished. Thus, you can accelerate the natural healing process. scar tissue and reduction of pitting.
chor away from adhered point and wide strips about 2 inches long.
then stretch the tape toward the
scar with 25% tension, then apply
tape. Alternate directions that the
tape is applied.

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 Taping of volar scars (alternate applications): Through the use of contracts and discussion all approved courses
will require the instructor to follow all necessary teaching protocols
set forth by The Kinesio Taping Association International, the
parent company of Kinesio Taping Association USA.
KTA, at this time, is also working on the accreditation steps needed
to certify the standing of Certified Kinesio Taping Practitioner
(CKTP) through the National Commission of Certifying
Agencies (NCCA). This certification process is a necessary step
in solidifying the importance of incorporating the KT Method
into everyday practice. The issue of accreditation for certification
Adhered volar wrist scar with This taping is used to encourage Adhered dorsal wrist scar. The scar
flexor tendons adhered, reducing gliding motion of the scar in a distal tissue adhered to the tendons limits organizations is one that will allow us to utilize our certification
range of motion of fingers and direction. Attach the tape to the finger finger extension and flexion. Taping of as a valued commodity, not only with our practitioners, but also
wrists. Finger extension and with 25-50% tension the dorsal adhered scar. This taping is
with our company as a whole. Certification does not necessarily
finger flexion are limited. to encourage gliding motion of the scar
in the proximal direction; attach the ensure that the CKTP will see an increase in compensation or
tape with 25-50% tension. professional recognition, the suggestion is that this will be a key
step in creating relationships with the medical community and lead
to possible insurance reimbursements on a consistent basis. With
the structuring of a new database and teaching system here in the
The Kinesio Taping® Association is proud to US and its territories, The Kinesio Taping Association has created a
present a structuring of a new database new implementation plan that will allow us to properly channel our
and teaching system here in the US and its efforts towards the proper standardized teachings.
territories, The Kinesio Taping Association has
created a new teaching protocol that will With an emphasis over the last three years on discussion and
allow us to properly channel our efforts research, KTA strongly believes these necessary protocols, programs,
To encourage gliding motion of the
towards the proper standardized teachings and levels of certification, will effectively introduce our new
To encourage gliding motion of the
scar in a proximal direction, attach the scar in a distal direction,attach the tape needed to better train Kinesio Taping teaching format within the US markets. All materials needed for
tape pulling proximal. Apply tape with to the finger with 25-50% tension. practitioners not only on a national basis, but
25-50% tension.
approved courses will be provided by the KTA.
also an international basis.

Approved Kinesio Taping Seminars

KT1 Fundamental Concepts, Screening/Muscle Test, & Muscle Applications (Recommended to take course in consecutive days with KT2)
The KT1 course is designed to introduce practitioners to the Kinesio Taping Method. Over the course of this 8 hour class, the instructor
will discuss the fundamental concepts of the Kinesio TapingMethod and the unique properties and use of Kinesio Tex Tape. During lab
sessions, attendees will have ample time to practice screening and muscle testing created for the enhancement of your KT skills and muscle
applications for both the upper and lower body. Upon completion of this course, attendees will be able to discuss and apply the Kinesio
Taping Method to relax overuse syndromes, stimulate weak muscles, and decrease pain and swelling.

KT2 Advanced Concepts & Corrective Techniques (Upon completion qualifies for KTA Level 2 Membership)
The KT2 course builds on material learned in KT1. During this 8 hour class, the instructor will introduce the six Corrective Techniques
(Mechanical, Functional, Space, Fascia, Ligament/Tendon, and Lymphatic) and discuss their application in a variety of clinical conditions.
During lab sessions, attendees will have ample time to practice applying these techniques to a variety of upper and lower body conditions.
Upon completion of this course, attendees will be able to discuss and apply the KT Method to orthopedic & neurological conditions.

KT3 Course Kinesio Taping Certification Course (Upon completion, qualifies for KTA Level 3 Membership)
The Kinesio Taping Certification Course combines KT1 and KT2 coursework with extra lab time for attendees to practice their skills on
a variety of clinical applications. KT3 will allow the instructor to cater towards specific practitioner protocols, clinical applications, and
pracittioner population. Upon completion of this course and preresiquite seminar, attendees will be eligible for Certified Kinesio Taping
Practitioner (CKTP) status.
This KT3 course is intended to allow for the Kinesio Taping Instructor to design courses to address specific professions (pediatrics, hand
therapy, sports medicine, chiropractic, etc.) or clinical conditions (stroke, scoliosis, lymphedema, etc.).

Note: Health professionals who have successfully completed the required Fundamental and Advanced Kinesio Taping (KT1, KT2, & KT3) courses are eligible to take the
Certified Kinesio Taping Practitioner (CKTP) exam. Upon passing this exam with a score of 80% or better, practitioners will be granted the CKTP title along with all the
associated rights and benefits.

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