Scribd
Upload
18 views53 pages

Compound Words

The document discusses the process of compounding, which involves combining two or more existing words to create new compound words that can function as nouns, verbs, adjectives, or prepositions. It explains how the category of the resulting compound is determined by the rightmost morpheme and introduces concepts such as endocentric and exocentric compounds. Additionally, it highlights the inconsistency in English orthography regarding compounds and notes that compounding is prevalent in various languages, with some exceptions like Tagalog.

Uploaded by

nneedjolly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views53 pages

Compound Words

The document discusses the process of compounding, which involves combining two or more existing words to create new compound words that can function as nouns, verbs, adjectives, or prepositions. It explains how the category of the resulting compound is determined by the rightmost morpheme and introduces concepts such as endocentric and exocentric compounds. Additionally, it highlights the inconsistency in English orthography regarding compounds and notes that compounding is prevalent in various languages, with some exceptions like Tagalog.

Uploaded by

nneedjolly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 53

Compound Words

Compounding. P. 128

— Compounding: the process of combining two or


more already existent words.
Compounding. P. 128

— Compounding: the process of combining two or


more already existent words.
compounding. P. 128

— Compounding:
— the process of combining
two or more already
existent words.
Compounding. P. 128

— Compounding: the process of combining two or


more already existent words.
compounding. P. 128

— Compounding: the process of combining two or


more already existent words.
Compounding. P. 128

— The resulting compound word is either:


— Noun
— Verb
— Adjective
— preposition
Compounding. P. 128

— The resulting compound word is either:


— Noun
— Verb
— Adjective
— preposition
The resulting compound is Noun

N N

N N N N

fire engine oil well


The resulting compound is Noun

N N

A N A N

Green house blue bird


The resulting compound is Noun

N N

V N V N

scrub nurse jump suit


The resulting compound is Noun

N N

P N P N

after thought in- laws


The resulting compound is Verb

V V

N V N V

spoon feed steam roll


The resulting compound is Verb

V V

A V A V

white wash dry clean


The resulting compound is Verb

V V

P V P V

over under estimat


look
e
The resulting compound is Verb

V V

V V V V

drop kick break dance


The resulting compound is Adjectives

A A

N A N A

natio
wide sky blue
n
The resulting compound is Adjectives

A A

A A A A

red hot deep blue


The resulting compound is Adjectives

A A

P A P A

over ripe in grown


The resulting compound is preposition

P P

P P P P

in to on to
Compounding. P. 128

— What determines the category of the


compound.
¡ Greenhouse
¡ Nationwide
¡ Spoonfeed
¡ Blackbird

— The rightmost morpheme determines the category


of the entire word.
Compounding. P. 128

— The head:
— The head is the morpheme that determines the
category of the entire word.
Compounding. P. 128

— Compounds can also combine again with


other words to create larger compound

— Ex
Dog + food = dog food

Dog food + box = dog food box


Compounding. P. 128

— Compounds can also combine again with


other words to create larger compound

— Ex
Sunday + night = Sunday night

Concert
Concert + series = series

Sunday Concert Sunday night Concert


+ = series
night series
Properties of Compounding. P. 129

— Compounds can also combine again with


other words to create larger compound

— Ex
Student
Students + committee = committee

Exam + committee = Exam committee


Exam Students exam
students + =
committee committee
— English orthography is inconsistent in representing
compounds:
— Single words
— With a hyphen
— Separate words
Compounds: single words
Compounds: with a hyphen
Compounds: separate words
— Compounds
— Adjective-noun compounds have stress on the first
component.

— Non-compounds
— Adjectives + Nouns have stress on the second
component
— Compounds
— Adjective-noun: stress on the first component.

— Non-compounds
— Adjectives + Nouns: stress on the second
component
GREENhouse A glass-enclosed garden
Green HOUSE A house painted green
— Compounds
— Adjective-noun: stress on the first component.

— Non-compounds
— Adjectives +Nouns: stress on the second
component

— Ex
— blackboard blackboard
— BLACKboard black BOARD
— BLACK board: A chalkboard
— black BOARD
— Compounds
— Adjective-noun: stress on the first component.
— Non-compounds
— Adjectives +Nouns: stress on the second
component

— Ex
— wetsuit wet suit
— WET suit wet SUIT
WET suit wet SUIT
— Tense and plural markers can not be attached to
the first element of the compound

— Tense and plural markers can be added to the


compound as a whole

— Ex.
*¡ The player dropped kick the ball.
¡ The player drop kicked the ball.
— Tense and plural markers can not be attached to
the first element of the compound

— Tense and plural markers can be added to the


compound as a whole

— Ex.
¡ The foxes hunter did not have a license.
*
¡ The fox hunters did not have a license.
— Endocentric compounds:
— A compound whose rightmost component identifies
the general class to which the meaning of the entire
word belongs.
— Ex. Dump truck

— Exocentric compound
— A compound whose meaning does not follow from
the meaning of its parts.
— Ex. redneck
— Endocentric compounds:
— Ex.
— Steamboat: a boat powered by steam
— Airship: a large conveyance that travels through
the air
— Air hose: a hose that caries air
— Air field: a field where airplanes land
— Fire engine: a vehicle used to put out fires
— Exocentric compounds:
— Ex.
— Redneck: usually a person belonging to rural
laboring class
— Exocentric compounds:
— Ex.
— Redhead: is not a type of head. It is a
person with a red hair.
— Ex. When the head is tooth or foot

— Both have irregular plural form

— Endocentric compounds use the usual irregular


plural (teeth, feet, etc.

— Exocentric compounds permit the plural suffix


–s for tooth, foot, and man.
— Clear cases of endocentric compounds
— Firstborn (the eldest child)
— Mountain top (the summit of the mountain)

— Clear cases of exocentric compounds


— Ladybird (little, round, red beetle with black spots
— Rocky road (a cupcake dessert made of milk chocolate and
marshmallow.

— A large number of compounds falls somewhere between these two


extremes
Endocentric and Exocentric
compounds

Blurred boundary
endocentric exocentric
A large number of compounds falls somewhere
between these two extremes

The meaning of the compound is related to the meaning of the


words it is made up of, but the meaning of the entire compound is
not totally transparent.

EX:
Wind farm Bag lady dinner lady
Blurred boundary between endocentric and exocentric
compounds

— Wind farm:

— A n area of land with a group of energy-producing


windmills or wind turbines.
—
Blurred boundary between endocentric and exocentric
compounds

— Bag lady

A homeless woman, especially one in a big city,


who carries her possessions with her, as in a
shopping bag
Blurred boundary between endocentric and exocentric
compounds

— dinner lady:
— a female cook or canteen worker in a school
Compounds in other languages

— Compounding is very widespread in world


languages.

— The rightmost element is the head in these


languages:
— Korean
— German
— Finnish (Finland )
— Tzotzil (Mayan Mexico)
Compounds in other languages

— Compounding is very widespread in world languages.


— Tagalog ( Philippines) is an exception where the left-
most element is the head:
— EX:
— anka araw
— Child sun
— Albino

— a person or animal born with a medical condition that


results in very pale skin, white hair, and pink eyes

You might also like