26 12 2000 12
Vol.26 12 Computer Engineering December 2000
1000 3428(2000)12 0087 04 A TP311.5
32 200233
The Methods and Practice of Software White-box Testing
FENG Liang YAN Shaoqing
(The 32nd Electronic Reaearch Institute of Information Industry Ministry Shanghai 200233)
Abstract This paper introduces the methods,tools and practice of software white-box testing, including software static analysis, coverage testing
and runtime error checking.
Key words White-box testing; Static analysis; Measurements for maintainability; Coverage testing Runtime error checking
Halstead
n1 N1
C/C++ n2 N2 4
1
Halstead n n=n1+n2
N N=N1+N2
V V* L
CASE I D LAMB
CASE CASE
LOGISCOPE n1 N1 n2 N2 4
1.1 V=N*Log2n (N1+N2)*Log2(n1+n2)
ISO/IEC 9126
AVGS
AVGS =(N1+N2)/STMT VOCF ,
VOCF=(N1+N2)/(n1+n2)
1
3
5 n1 4
N1 n2
N2 STMT
4 Halstead STMT
STateMents McCabe
Halstead McCabe G V(G)
87
V(G)=E-n+2
E G n G
V(G)
"Switch Case"
function_STABILITY 4
CASE LOGISCOPE V(G)
NBCALLING RETU
V(G)
DRCT_CALLS
PARA function_TESTABILITY
V(G)=E-n+2+AEn+AEx 4 DRCT_
AEn AEx CALLS LEVL PATH
V(G) PARA function_ANALYZABILITY
C 4 VG
void STMT AVGS
{ COMF function_
while ( 1) CHANGEABILITY 4
{
GOTO GOTO VOCF
n statement(s);
LVAR PARA
if ( 2)
4
return;
}
function_
}
V(G) MAINTAINABILITY = function_
1 ANALYZABILITY +function_CHANGEABILITY +function_
STABILITY +function_TESTABILITY
E=8
n=8
AEn=0
AEx=1
if V(G)=8-8+2+0+1=3
1.2
while CASE
1 V G
V(G)
GOTO
2 if (x=y) {...} *=, /=, -= C
C++
LVAR
1.3
LCOBc
VERILOG
LOGISCOPE ISO/IEC9126
LOGISCOPE
GA_CYCLE C
++ GH_
URI
3 LOGISCOPE
LOGISCOPE RuleChecker
88
A B C
2 (Block1)
if 1 then
(Block2)
/ Else
(Block3)
End if D E
if 2 then
(Block4)
2.1 Else
End if
(Block5)
Block3 Block4
B
3 1 D
Instruction Blocks,IB
Decision-to-Decision Paths,DDP A
/ (Modified Condition/Decision
Coverage,MCDC) C E
Block1 DDP 2
Block2 Block5
2 DDP
Procedure-to-Procedure Paths,PPP
1 IB
1
IB
A B C
T T F T
2 DDP
F T F F
Decision-to-Decision Paths DDP
T F
if, while,
DDP B C
if, while, DDP B
DDP 100% F
2 A AND(B OR C) MCDC
DDP 100%
DDP 2
2 DDP A B C
3 MCDC Tc1 T T F T
/ "
Tc2 T F T T
- " RTCA/DO-178B
A " Tc3 T F F F
" Tc4 F T F F
RTCA/DO-178B MCDC
A MCDC
MCDC T F
1 Tc1 Tc4
A Tc1 Tc3
2 (AND,OR, ) B Tc2 Tc3
C MCDC
A AND(B OR C) MCDC
MCDC AND 3
OR Tc1 Tc2
C A AND(B OR C) A Tc3 Tc4
B Tc2 Tc3
89
C NuMega TrueCoverage PureCoverage
3
A B C
Tc1 F F T F 3
Tc2 T F T T
Tc3 T F F F
Tc4 T T F T C/C++ Windows
4 PPP API
(Procedure-to-Procedure paths) OLE
PPP C++
............
2.2 char * s;
s=new char[1000];
5 DDP s= asdfgh........ ;
4 4 ............
4
DDP
1 2 3 4 5 " " s=new char [
DDP DDP
1000]; " " 1000
T1 60% 20%
s="asdfgh............"; " "
T2 40% 20%
1000
T3 40% 20%
T4 40% 0%
T1+T2+T3+T4 100%
4 T4 DDP 40% s="asdfgh............"; strcpy(s,"asdfgh ............ );
DDP T1
4
5 DDP
3.1
T4
1
4 5 100% Purify for WinNT/Sun Solaris
NuMega BoundsChecker for Win95/98/NT/2000 NuMega
2
Pure Java Delphi VB C++
3 Builder
4
T1 T3 T2 CASE
3
3 T1 T2 T3
DDP CASE
MCDC CASE
1 Pressman R S.Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach
2.3 (Fourth Edition).McGraw-Hill, 1997
LOGISCOPE NuMega TrueCoverage 2 , . . : , 1997
PureCoverage 3 LOGISCOPE 3 . . : ,1999
IB DDP MCDC PPP 4 . . : ,
MCDC 1999
MCDC
90
