CONTEMPORARY ART

(Final Term)

Rattan - in creation of furnitures, hats, and other

novelty materials and arts

Local Materials ⚒️
- locally-available materials that artists can use to
create an art
Examples: used in…
Abaca - in creation of visual arts and arts that Appropriate Techniques in Creating Art 🧑‍💼
requires relief and natural design
ways that artists can do art that confirms to the
moral and ethical standards:
Respectful of Peoples’ Space - respectful to the
consent and spaces that people occupy, either
Capiz Shell - in creation of sculpture and materials physically, mentally, or socially
for relief designs Utilize Materials Properly - promotes preservation
and promotion of efficient and effective use of
resources, especially those found in the natural
world.
Art that has Consent - consent and explicit
Bamboo - in creation of fine and visual arts that approval for their participation in art
requires strong foundation and flexible body Promotes Message/Advocacy - not for arts’ sake,
- Such as instrument and furnitures but support and promote message and advocacies
that resonates with communities
An Avenue to Express Ourselves - expressive of
our ideas, emotions, and experiences as humans.

Buntal Fiber - in creation of hats, silks and other Significance of Contemporary Art ⏰
sturdy and thin materials for visual arts
function that can support the proliferation and use
of arts in the Philippines:
Allows for an Expression of Arts Outside of
Traditional Arts - new opportunities for artist to
Buri Fiber - in creation of hats, baskets, bags, and use materials and approaches previously restricted
some types of visual arts in traditional
Focused on the Expression/Message, Not the
Medium - express the message related to society,
personal life, and political and social events.
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

Acknowledges the Indigenous and Popular Art in Cultural Center of the Philippines - preserve,
the Society - gave a platform for the indigenous develop, and promote arts and culture, and the
and popular art to be included and acknowledged best of Filipino arts
as part of the art expression. - by embodying the values of katotohanan
Disapproves the Idea of ‘High’ Culture/Art and (truth), kagandahan (beauty) and kabutihan
‘Low’ Culture/Art - removes the notion and (goodness).
support on the idea of superior and inferior art, - Objectives:
opening its door to the masses. - Artistic Excellence - Create,
produce, and present excellent and
engaging artistic and cultural
Government Agencies 🗿 experiences from the Philippines
and world.
National Center for Culture and Arts - in-charge - Arts for Transformation - nurture
of the following: the next generation of artists and
- Encouragement of artistic creation audiences who appreciate and
within a climate of artistic freedom; support artistic and cultural work.
- Development and promotion of the - Sustainability and Viability -
Filipino national culture and arts; organizational and financial stability
and, for the CCP to ensure the continuity
- Preservation of Filipino cultural of its artistic and cultural program
heritage. - contribute to the flourishing
- Mission/Duties of the NCCA: creative industry in the
- formulate policies for development Philippines.
of culture and the arts;
- implement these policies in
coordination with affiliated cultural
agencies;
- coordinate implementation of
programs of these affiliated National Historical Commission of the
agencies; Philippines - responsible for the conservation and
- administer the National Endowment preservation of historical studies, curatorial works,
Fund for Culture and the Arts architectural conservation, Philippine heraldry,
(NEFCA); historical information dissemination activities,
- encourage artistic creation within a restoration and preservation of relics and
climate of artistic freedom; memorabilia of heroes and other renowned
- develop and promote the Filipino Filipinos.
national culture and arts; - Objective and Duties:
- preserve Filipino cultural heritage.
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

- Commemorate significant historical National Library of the Philippines -

events and declare historically “Repository of the printed and recorded cultural
significant sites, structures, events heritage of the country and other intellectual
and personages. literary and information sources”
- Conduct research, produce materials - “access to these resources for our people’s
in various media and publish and intellectual growth, citizenship building,
disseminate historical works. lifelong learning and enlightenment.”
- restoration, conservation, and - 210,000 books
protection of the country’s historical - over 880,000 manuscripts
movable and immovable objects. - all part of the Filipiniana Division
- Manage, maintain and administer - more than 170,000 newspaper issues from
national shrines, monuments, Metro Manila and across the Philippines
historical sites, edifices and - Some 66,000 theses and dissertations
landmarks of significant - 104,000 government publications
historic-cultural value. - 3,800 maps and 53,000 photographs.
National Museum(Agency) - country’s repository
of archaeological artifacts, national treasurers, and
rare specimens found and produced in the country.
- the main task of this institution is to solicit,
document, preserve, exhibit, and promote
the natural and artificial wonders of the
Philippines.
- responsible for putting up a network of National Archives of the Philippines - agency of
museums around the country to serve as a the Republic of the Philippines mandated to
local destination of the diverse natural and collect, store, preserve and make available archival
cultural heritage of the county. records of the Government and other primary
- two main divisions: sources pertaining to the history and development
- Natural History Museum - National of the country.
Museum of Natural History and - 73 million archival documents covering
National Museum of Anthropology Spanish, American, Japanese, and
- National Art Gallery - National Philippine republic documents, ensuring
Museum of Fine Arts and the local their safety and use for government
museums in the Philippines functions.
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino - agency that is Early Filipino Period - The space beneath the hut
mandated to undertake, coordinate and promote may be used for storage or as a workshop; it also
research for the development, propagation, and allows air to circulate and safeguards against
preservation of Filipino and other Philippine flooding, snakes, and insects.
Languages and other Philippine Languages
- Talaang Ginto, Makata ng Taon for Filipino
Poetry, Aklat ng Bayan Poetry, and other
grants or programs on fundings, awards,
and projects. Antillean Architecture - Constructed of a stone- or
- Official governing body of the Filipino brick-supported lower level and a hard wooden
language and the official government upper level covered by tiles or in later cases
institution tasked with the cultivation, galvanized iron (Bahay na Bato).
preservation, and promotion of the various
indigenous languages in the Philippines.

Spanish Period - The window of the house is

unique in architecture for it opens not just from
mid-level but from floor to ceiling.

Architecture - imaginative and creative blend of

science and art in designing different environments - Churches - 🕍
for people.
- Making places that evokes memory, recalls Churches - built with an adjacent convento
history, and instills a sense of identity attached or detached belfry, and walled forecourt.

Development of Architecture in the

📈
Philippines
- Homes - 🏡

Nipa Homes - a steep roof over a one-or-two room Spanish Period - used as the center of the pueblos
living area raised on posts or stilts one to two and defense structure of the city (i.e. Intramuros)
meters above the ground or over shallow water.
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

Antillean Architecture - Because of reduccion, the - eclectic style, a mixture of historic styles,
style of architecture in the Philippines are the also found its way in some of the
same, creating poblaciónes/pueblos to create commercial establishments rising in the
communities within the range of church bells and business district/commercial areas
municipio

Post-Modern Style - more styles that are related

to the creation of stone and wood houses, utilizing
- Buildings - 🏙️ indigenous materials

- Government buildings are created with Greek or

Roman temples complete with porticoes and
pediments.
Contemporary Period - modern era dawned on
Philippine architecture using the simple straight
lines of the International Modern Style as a chief
mode of expression
American Period - Commercial and religious
buildings in the Philippines are created to
accommodate the modern style
- simplify the structure by creating
Philippines, particularly Manila, as Filipinization - Filipino style found its way in the
Europe-esque re-emergence of traditional motifs, the bahay-kubo
- mix different styles and functions for the and the bahay na bato became popular forms to be
creation of architecture in the Philippines copied and modernized

Why Do We Need Architecture? 🏘️

1. Need - practical requirement that a building
must respond
Modern Style - decided to create similar buildings - concerned with the
in the Philippines through the Burnham Plan aspirations, requirements,
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

and limitations to be met in - includes the individual and the family or

designing a structure. clan as well as their dependents, both
2. Technology - current state of technical human and animal.
knowledge in building and the availability - Example: Balai House
of materials, tools, equipment, and
methods
3. Culture - material embodiment of the
specific ideas and expectations of a society.
4. Climate - provide an optimum interior
climate for the user, their activities, and
their property.
5. Society - create spaces and places in which Religious Architecture - Churches and mosques
people can carry on their activities serve as places of worship and as shelter for the
optimally. images, relics, and holy areas of religious devotion.

Allied Disciplines 🌀
Interior Design - design and coordination of the
decorative elements, surface finishes, furniture,
and fixtures to achieve the planned function and
character of the interior environment
Landscape Architecture - art of composing
landform, vegetation, water, buildings, and paving
to create memorable outdoor environments such
as gardens and parks.
Urban Designs - art of designing towns, cities,
streets and spaces.
Architectural Types and Examples of
Contemporary Philippine Architecture 🏛️
- Architectural Typology - Government/State Architecture - Buildings are
required for the performance of the basic functions
- study and documentation of a set of buildings of government, such as administration, legislation,
which have similarities in their form, usually and dispensing justice.
associated with the building's particular uses.
- Examples:
Domestic Architecture - social unit
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

Recreational Architecture - facilitates the human

need to "re-create, "to refresh” or “rejuvenate”
oneself mentally and physically. Contemporary Philippine Theater - identified
through tradition-based:
- New idioms of expression
- Functional use of language
- Motifs and narratives
- Transformation of ordinary spaces
into spaces
- Primary functions
- Relevance to audience
- Interpreting life to become a new living
experience
- Interpretation of day-to-day life experience
transformed through sounds, movements,
words, and visuals

Development of Theater and Performance

Welfare and Educational Buildings - principal Early Filipino - rituals, dances, and custom
institutions of public welfare are facilities for performed either together or separately
education, health, public security, and utilities. - performed on:
- Person’s birth
- Baptism
- Circumcision
- Initial menstruation
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

- Courtship - Religious - narrates

- Wedding the live of patrons
- Sickness saints
- Death - Zarzuela - empowers the
- Celebration for tribal activities appreciation of Filipino
Spanish Period - gave rise to secular and culture and values through
religious plays mix of music, prose, dance,
- Celebrates: dialogue, and contemporary
- Fiestas subjects
- Latter - Beautiful art form of
- To highlight important catholic lyric theater drama
liturgical seasons(xmas, lent, easter) incorporated with
- Examples: singing, dancing, and
- Senakulo - staged commercially dialogue
- During lent and for 8 American Period - 1920’s; US
consecutive night in holy - bodabil (vaudeville)
week - Not play perse, mixture of song,
- (started) dramatization of the dances, and comedy skits (popular
Pasyong Genesis (most in US)
popular verse narrative on - English or Filipino translated/adapted
the life and suffering of - Acted and played by modern Filipino
jesus) - Examples:
- (later) augmented by - Philippine Bodabil - musical,
apocryphal stories from comedy, magic acts, skits,
other pasyon and religions monologues, and acrobatics to show
books such as The Martyr of ideas related to Filipino society
Golgotha and Liwayway Modern Period - films and movies beyond theater
(popular) - Rise of actors FPJ, Nora Aunor, Atang Dela
- Moro-Moro/Linambay/Arakyo - Rama
komedya - Topics start to shift from western/religious
- 3 - 15 hours and several to uniquely Filipino stories
sessions to play Contemporary Period - films to specific street
- 2 principal types: performances such as Filipino rap, tula-dula,
- Secular - flip-top, sabayang pagbigkas, and the advent of
concentrates on epic internet
stories of love and
vengeance
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

Theater and Films - Types:

- Proscenium
Theater - use specific language that applieas to - Arena
visual and auditory elements, media, techniques, - Thrust Stage
and conventions within a specific temporal and - Create and found of Found Stage
spatial frames
- Elements: Film - sequence of moving pictures, shown on
- Physical presence of the actors television and in cinema
- Colors and shapes of costumes and
scenery Forms and Types of Films
- Sound and music
- Drama Aksyon - maybe based on true-to-life stories
- Emotions about real persons or on completely fictional
stories
Elements of Dramatic Theatrical Performance Animation - photographed or drawings or
inanimate images came to life
Plot - arrangement of events which has a Bomba - depiction of nudity and sex
beginning, middle, and end Drama - personal problems and conflicts
Characters- principal material and central focus of Fantasy - imaginary world
the plot Historical - real lives or actual events that
Thought - main idea that the characters dramatize happened in the past
Language or Diction - expression of meaning Horror - induce fear and terror
through use of words Komedi - ludicrous situations to incite laughter
- Use formal language to convey meanings, Musical - romantic comedy with songs, dances,
establish mood, tempo, rhythm, and and skits
internal logic’ Period - festival characters whose stories are
Song or Music - speaking, dancing, and singing unraveled in a time and place which have historical
part basis
- Sound of actors’ voices, incidental songs
and background music, and instrumental
accompaniment Contemporary Philippine Music - compositions
Spectcle - visual elements of production that have adopted ideas and elements from
- Characters’ movement and spatial relations, twentieth century art music in the West
lighting, settings, costumes, and props - Also, latest trends and musical styles in the
Director - puts together variety of elements so entertainment industry.
audience can view coherently
Playwright - writes the story in dramatic format
Theater Space - set on stage
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

Characteristics of Filipino Music 3. Academic Overture

4. Sonata in G Major
- reflects the way of life, beliefs, and traditions of 5. Baanag at Lakas
rural folks Antonio Molina - one of the first impressionists
- usually glorifies the beauty of nature and man's that draw inspirations from the work of Claude
strong connection to the environment Debussy
- Claude Debussy of the Philippines
Filipino Composers - Compositions:
1. We Were Moonlight
Francisco Buencamino Sr. - born in bulacan 2. Amihan
- son of mucially inclined couple 3. Malikmata
- studied music composition and harmony at 4. Hating-Gabi
Liceo de Manila. 5. Sa Iyong Gunita
- Compositions: Eliseo Pajaro - one of the first neo- classic
1. Harana composers that utilizes Philippine themes in his
2. Pandanggo ni Neneng compositional works
3. Collar de Sampaguita - Compostions:
4. Dulces las Horas 1. Variations on theFugue
5. Ang Bukang Liwayway 2. Excursion to Mayon
Francisco Santiago - father of kundiman 3. Piano Sonata 1
- Triumvirate of Filipino Composers (him, 4. Salita ng Diyos
Nicanor Abelardo, and Antonio Molina). Lucresia Kasilag - One of the first neo-
- Composed several works such as; classic composers that utilizes native Philippine
kundiman, symphonies, piano concertos, themes in her works.
and other music pieces - Compositions:
- Compositions: 1. Misang Filipino
1. Sakali Man 2. Sonata in G Major
2. Hibik ng Pilipinas 3. Tocatta for Percussion and Winds
3. Ang Pag-Ibig 4. Sisa
4. Madaling-Araw Josefino Toledo - One of the first Filipino
5. Pagsikat ng Araw composers that focused on the fusion of
Nicanor Abelardo - very first modernist contemporary western language and Southeast
- After his studies abroad, he was composing Asian aesthetics.
like Schoenberg, with his Violin Sonata and - Compositions:
the Sinfonietta. 1. Mga Sulyap sa Simbahan ng
- Compositions: Quiapo mula sa Kalye Echague
1. Kundiman ng Luha 2. Dasal
2. Kung Hindi Man 3. Sigaw
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

4. Hinga
Christine Muyco - One of the first Filipino
composers that creates musics focusing on the
marginalization of people in the Philippines Contemporary Dance - genre of dance that
- Compositions: developed during mid-20th century
1. Paglalayag sa Lawa ng Bellagio - one of the dominant genres for formally
2. Passage to Kublo trained dancers throughout the world, with
3. Halin sa Liso especially in U.S. and Europe.
4. Bisikleta-Musika - emerged in Europe and U.S at the height of
5. Talibun-ag Industrial Revolution and the decline of
Jonas Baes - utilizes uncommon materials for his Victorian Social Structures.
compositions of Filipino songs - Dance of Expression — in germany called
- unorthodox materials: bean- pod rattles, “Ausdruckstanz” meaning “new, modern,
leaves, iron-nail chimes, as well as various artistic, free, plastic, expressive”
Asian instruments - Being revolutionary and anti- bourgeois,
- Compositions: the dancers became the creator-interpreter,
1. Banwa with the art of improvisation as a possible
2. Wala process of execution.
3. Daluy - In US, modern dance was pioneered by
4. Ibo-Ibon Isadora Duncan in what was was then
5. Salaysay known as “new dance”, “free dance”, or
6. Patangis-Buwaya “modern romanticism.”
Contemporary Dance in The Philippines
Development (Spanish Period)

premised on the incorporation of native thematic - introduced by Spaniards for social occassions like
materials, of native indigenous practice, as well as tertullas or formal parties, where dances like the
the philosophical theories in Philippine traditional rigodon de honor and the lanceros were
music performed.
- towards the end of Spanish Regime, the balse,
Prospects polka, mazurka and the escotis (Spanish dance)
were prevalent among the social classes.
characterized by different media and stylistic
orientations such as those created by the Filipino Rigodon De Honor - type of Maria Clara dance in
composers the form of a quadrille.
- elegant and sophisticated, and is performed
during grand jubilees.
- focuses on prestige and the status of life
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

Lanceros Dance - divertissement for the comedia - means “to entangle the feet with disturbing
stage play during the Spanish times. objects symbolizing the difficult journey of
- performed in great ballrooms the characters in the epic.
- noble gentlemen meet graceful ladies and Cariñosa - origin in Panay Island
cross lines, as if done by the knights of old - Spanish word meaning “loving or
times. affectionate.”
The Balse - means Waltz - attired in a Maria Clara gown or Barong
- popular Tagalog dance which originated Tagalog or sometimes the patadyong
from Marikina, Rizal during the Spanish kimona and camisa de chino.
time. - elaborate courtship dance, the cariñosa
- Purpose is to bring rural and barrio involves the creative use of a fan or
communities together during celebrations handkerchief.
- serves as the dance of newlywed couples Binasuan - origin in Bayambang, Pangasinanan
during their wedding feast. - “with the use of drinking glasses.”
Polka - - usually performed at weddings or festivals.
American Period - must balance glasses filled with rice wine
on their heads
- folk dances were formulated through research - begins with everyone moving in unison and
done by Francisca Reyes in the 1930’s and were then eventually breaks into smaller groups.
taught in the public school system. Pandanggo sa Ilaw - origin in Lubang Island,
- entertainment industry, clog and tap dances were Mindoro and influenced by the Spanish fandango
introduced in the vaudeville stage - requires dancers to balance three glasses
- Ballet was also brough in through bodabil, when with candles or oil lamps inside, one on
Paul Nijinsky came to Manila in 1916. their head and one on each hand
- performed as part of rituals for religious
Tinikling - well-known folk dance that involves processions around the country
dancers stepping over and between two bamboo Maglalatik - usually performed by male dancers
poles that are being beaten, tapped, and slid on and which integrates the use of coconut shells
the ground - mock war dance that depicts a battle over
- requires a great deal of coordination and the highly-prized coconut meat.
rhythm in order to avoid injury and makes - wear coconut shell halves on their hands
for a very dynamic performance. and on their vests and performed by hitting
Singkil - origin in Lake Lanao, Mindanao the shells to a fast drumbeat
- based on the story of Darangen —
pre-Islamic Maranao interpretation of the European Classical Ballet
ancient Hindu epic, the Ramayana.
- tells the story of the rescue of Princess - introduced early 20th century
Gandingan by Prince Bantugan
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

- 1922, Russian prima ballerina Anna Pavlova

graced the Manila Grand Opera House and
encouraged local girls to study ballet.
- ballet companies have since been established in Cinema - art of the moving picture
the country, performing both Classical Ballets: The - recording reality through the technology
Nutcracker and Don Quixote, and camera, manipulating the sequence and
Philippine-Inspired Ballets: Itim Asu and Awitin Mo juxtaposing the recorded images and
At Isasayaw Ko. projecting
- idea of movement distinguishes cinema
Jazz Dance - umbrella term from photography
- refer to several dance styles including tap, - intimates both the machine that records
ballet, jazz music, and African- American and projects the movement
rhythms and dance. (cinematography) and the place where the
- key element of musical theater projection occurs (cinematheque).
choreography as it is interwoven with other - Photography — born and raised from
dance styles to better tell the story of a technological reproduction, and perceived
musical. as painterly, and thus bereft of
choreographic motion,
Alice Reyes - founded modern dance in 1970 nad Movie - abbreviates “moving picture”
later become Ballet Philippines - signifies the medium overdetermining a
- Her dances followed a different ideological practice of popular viewing all over the
mode and stylistic approach wherein the world.
body would experience in indigenous
Philippine dances, as well as new The Contemporary Philippine Cinema
innovative movements.
- Example of her dance performance and - was a period of artistic production that followed
routines: the fall of the Marcos dictatorship and flourished
- Itim Asu during the democratic transition
- Bungkos Suite - during the independent film movement was
- Negro Spiritual launched by maverick figures: Nick de Ocampo
- Carmina Burana and Raymond Red, whose work on the format of
NOTE: Today, contemporary Philippine dance video and genre of short film
seems to evolve out mixing newly invented - opened up possibilities for artistic engagement
motions and traditional Filipino movements, as through film with current technology.
well as the free use of space. Cinema Rehiyon - 2009 by National Commission
for Culture and the Arts, and National Cinema
Committee
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

- first ever film festival that puts spotlight on - Commander Lawin

independent films from the regions. - Double Barrel
- theme was “Alter Nativo (Films from the Filipino Drama Films - human struggles that is
Other Philippines)” — gathers films from related to the personal conflicts and tales that are
every corner of the archipelago other than relatable to normal people watching.
Manila. - Examples:
In 21st Century - 4 Sisters and a Wedding
- Seven Sundays
- saw the rise of digital technology and the - Himala
democratization of cinema - Dubai
- Digital cinema spawned the rebirth of - Anak
independent filmmaking. - Mano Po
- cinematic technology shifted the aesthetic - Family Matters
to one that was more sympathetic toward - One More Try
themes, concerns, and issues in the present. Filipino Fantasy Films - supernatural/superhuman
- Regions beyond Metro Manila found powers that are usually doing good things in the
representation, and setting became more society.
visible - Examples:
- Other langauges began to be heard in films - Gagamboy
- Characters were not necessarily beset by - Lastikman
the same set of urban concerns. If they - Captain Barbell
were, their predicaments offered a more - Enteng Kabisote
novel understanding - Volta
- many regional films have earned - Fantastika
international recognition and prestige. - Magikland
- Magic Temple
Types of Contemporary Films in The Philippines Historical Films - real-life historical events that
affect the Philippine context, and are usually
Aksyon/Action Films - over-the- top bravado and character and context-driven.
action sequences that demonstrate - Examples;
realistic/fictional events - Heneral Luna
- Examples: - Jose Rizal
- Ang Probinsyano - Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo
- The Manila Kingpin - Goyo
- On The Job - Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita
- Isusumbong Kita sa Tatay Ko - Rosario
- Ang Batang Quiapo - El Presidente
- Eseng ng Tondo
CONTEMPORARY ART
(Final Term)

- Ganito Kami Noon, Ganito Kami Filipino Period Films - historical events in the
Ngayon Philippine history that is time-specific and
Filipino Horror Films - supernatural/out of this context-sensitive in nature.
world creatures that inflict fear/create nightmarish - Examples:
scenarios for viewers - Oro, Plata, Mata
- Examples: - Dekada 70
- Feng Shui - Bayaning 3rd World
- The Healing - Hele sa Hiwagang Hapis
- Patayin sa Sindak si Barbara - Markova: Comfort Gay
- ‘Wag Kang Lilingon - Aparisyon
- Shake, Rattle, and Roll - Panaghoy sa Suba
- Sukob - A Portrait of the Artist as a Filipino
- Kulam
- Malikmata
Filipino Comedy Films - funny situations/scenarios
that elicits laughter from the viewers and gives
them a good time
- Examples:
- Maging Sino Ka Man
- John and Marsha
- Kimmy Dora
- Petrang Kabayo
- Ang Babae sa Septic Tank
- Die Beautiful
- Ang Tanging Ina
- Pinoy Sunday
Romance Films - romantic couples/scenarios
where the characters experience love and
heartache, and has dramatic scenes.
- Examples:
- The How’s Of Us
- One More Chance
- Crazy Beautiful You
- Kita Kita
- Hello, Love Goodbye
- Starting Over Again
- Say I Love You
- A Very Special Love