Paper 4 Yearly Class practise

Date: 20th Feb 2025

1 A student is determining the density of wood by two methods.

He is using the wooden rod shown in Fig. 1.1.

length

wooden rod
diameter

loop of thread

Fig. 1.1

Method 1

The dimensions of the wooden rod are shown full size in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.2

(a) (i) Measure the length l and the diameter d of the wooden rod in Fig. 1.2.

l = ......................................................... cm

d = ......................................................... cm
[2]

(ii) Suggest an accurate method for measuring the diameter of the wooden rod in this
experiment.
List any additional apparatus that might be required and briefly describe how you would
determine the diameter.
You may draw a diagram if it helps to explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
 3

(b) The student uses a balance to measure the mass m of the wooden rod as shown in Fig. 1.3.

wooden rod

7.8 g

Fig. 1.3

Record the mass m of the rod.

m = ............................................................g

Calculate a value ρ1 for the density of the wooden rod. Use your values from (a)(i) and (b)
4m
and the equation ρ1 = . Include a suitable unit.
π d2 l

ρ1 = ........................................................ [2]
 4

Method 2

(c) The student pours water into a measuring cylinder as shown in Fig. 1.4.
He then floats the wooden rod in the water as shown in Fig. 1.5.

150
160

140
150

Fig. 1.4 Fig. 1.5

Record the reading V1 of the water level in the measuring cylinder as shown in Fig. 1.4.

V1 = ........................................................cm3

Record the new reading V2 of the water level in the measuring cylinder with the rod floating in
the water as shown in Fig. 1.5.

V2 = ........................................................cm3
[1]
 5

(d) The student removes the rod and lowers a piece of modelling clay into the water as shown in
Fig. 1.6.
He then hooks the rod to the modelling clay and lowers them into the water as shown in
Fig. 1.7.

hook

modelling clay

Fig. 1.6 Fig. 1.7

He records the new reading V3 of the water level in the measuring cylinder with the modelling
clay.

He records the reading V4 of the water level in the measuring cylinder with the modelling clay
and rod.
164
V3 = ........................................................cm3

178
V4 = ........................................................cm3

Calculate another value ρ2 for the density of the wooden rod. Use the values from (c) and (d)
(V2 – V1)
and the equation ρ2 = × k where k = 1.0 g / cm3.
(V4 – V3)

ρ2 = ........................................................ [2]
[Turn over
 6

(e)

Fig. 1.8

On Fig. 1.8, draw an arrow showing the correct line of sight for reading the volume of water in
the measuring cylinder. [1]

(f) Suggest a possible source of inaccuracy in Method 2, even if it was carried out carefully.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 11]
 7

2 Students are investigating the cooling of hot water in a beaker.

They are using the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.1.

thermometer

70
beaker

60
50
bench
40
30
20
10
0

Fig. 2.1

(a) Record room temperature θR shown on the thermometer in Fig. 2.1.

θR = ........................................................ [1]

[Turn over
 8

(b) A volume of 150 cm3 of hot water is poured into the beaker and the initial temperature θ is
recorded in Table 2.1.
The temperature of the water is recorded every 30 s. The values are shown in Table 2.1.

(i) Complete the headings in Table 2.1. [1]

Table 2.1

t/ θ/
0 95.0
30 89.0
60 83.5
90 79.0
120 75.0
150 71.5
180 68.5
210 66.0
240 64.0
270 62.5

(ii) Describe one precaution that you would take to ensure that the temperature readings in
the experiment are as accurate as possible.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
 9

(c) (i) Calculate the average cooling rate x1 during the first 90 s of the experiment. Use the
readings from Table 2.1 and the equation
θ0 – θ90
x1 =
T
where T = 90 s and θ0 and θ90 are the temperatures at t = 0 and t = 90 s.
Include the unit for the cooling rate.

x1 = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) Calculate the average cooling rate x2 during the middle 90 s of the experiment. Use the
readings from Table 2.1 and the equation
θ90 – θ180
x2 =
T
where T = 90 s and θ90 and θ180 are the temperatures at t = 90 s and t = 180 s.

x2 = ........................................................ [1]

(iii) Calculate the average cooling rate x3 during the last 90 s of the experiment. Use the
readings from Table 2.1 and the equation
θ180 – θ270
x3 =
T
where T = 90 s and θ180 and θ270 are the temperatures at t = 180 s and t = 270 s.

x3 = ........................................................ [1]

(d) (i) The temperature of the water falls as time passes. Use the results from (c) to describe
the pattern of the rate of cooling of the water during the experiment.
Justify your answer by reference to the results.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give an estimate of the probable final temperature θF of the water if left to cool for many
hours.

θF = ........................................................ [1]

[Turn over
 10

(e) (i) A student in another school carries out a similar experiment.

suggestion .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State one variable, other than the initial temperature, which the student should control.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]
 11

3 A student is investigating a power supply.

power supply

P Q

crocodile clip

l resistance wire

Fig. 3.1

(a) The student connects the crocodile clip to a length l = 100.0 cm of the resistance wire and
measures the potential difference V0 across terminals P and Q and the current I0 in the
circuit.

2 3 0.4 0.6
1 4 0.2 0.8
0 5 0 1.0

V A

Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3

(i) Record the values of V0 and I0 shown on the meters in Fig. 3.2 and Fig. 3.3.

V0 = ........................................................... V

I0 = ........................................................... A
[1]

(ii) Calculate the resistance R0 of 100.0 cm of the wire. Use your values of V0 and I0 and the
V0
equation R0 = .
I0

R0 = ........................................................... Ω
[1]

[Turn over
 12

(b) The student then connects the crocodile clip to lengths l = 70.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 50.0 cm, 40.0 cm
and 30.0 cm of the resistance wire. She measures the current I in the circuit for each length.
Her readings are shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

l / cm I /A
/
1 1
I A
70.0 0.35
60.0 0.40 2.50
50.0 0.44 2.27
40.0 0.53 1.89
30.0 0.65 1.54

Calculate, and record in Table 3.1, the value of 1 for length l = 70.0 cm of the wire. [1]
I

origin (0,0). /
(c) Plot a graph of l / cm (y-axis) against 1 1 (x-axis). You do not need to start your axes at the
I A

[4]
 13

(d) (i) Determine the gradient G of the graph. Show clearly on the graph how you obtained the
necessary information.

G = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) Calculate the electromotive force (e.m.f.) E of the power supply. Use your value of R0
G × R0
from (a)(ii) and the equation E = , where k = 100 cm.
k

E = ......................................................V [1]

(e) The ammeter in this circuit has a small resistance which affects the current. The effect of
this resistance on the measured current I will be different for each measured length l of the
resistance wire.
State and explain which length l will be most affected by the resistance of the ammeter.

statement ..................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 11]
 11

4 A student investigates the length of time taken for ice cubes to melt when they are placed in water.
She uses beakers of water at different temperatures to investigate how the initial temperature of
the water affects the time taken for the ice cubes to melt.

Plan an experiment to investigate how the initial temperature of the water affects the time taken
for the ice cubes to melt.

The following apparatus is available:

thermometer
supply of ice cubes
250 cm3 beakers
supply of cold water

In your plan, you should:

• write a list of additional apparatus to use

• explain how to carry out the investigation

• state the key variables to keep constant

• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how to display the readings (you are
not required to enter any readings in the table)

• explain how to use the readings to reach a conclusion.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

[Turn over
 12

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [7]

[Total: 7]