Fundamentals of Physics

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,
while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,
while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity
shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,
while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.
Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless
communication.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the
expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern
these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.
Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity
shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless
communication.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of
motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to
understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications
include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern
these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to

understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Classical Mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Newton's laws of

motion are the foundation, describing how objects interact. The equation F = ma is central to
understanding force, mass, and acceleration.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern

these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics explores the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic scales. The

Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be measured

simultaneously with absolute precision. Quantum mechanics has led to advancements in

semiconductors and quantum computing.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Astrophysics
Astrophysics examines celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena. Topics include black holes, the

expanding universe, and dark matter. The Big Bang theory explains the origin and evolution of the

universe.

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism describes how electric and magnetic fields interact. Maxwell's equations govern
these interactions, leading to technologies such as electrical circuits, motors, and wireless

communication.

Relativity
Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Special relativity

shows how time dilates at high speeds, while general relativity describes how massive objects curve

spacetime, explaining gravity.

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics studies heat, work, and energy. The first law states that energy is conserved,

while the second law introduces entropy, showing how systems tend toward disorder. Applications

include engines, refrigerators, and climate systems.