DIRE DAWA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION
OUT LINE OF THE COURSE
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
1. COURSE INFORMATION
Lecture Course Title: Construction Material
Course No: CEng2082
Of Contact hrs: 2hr Lect & 3hrs Lab

Construction material I Academic Year: 2017/18

Credit Hrs: 3hrs
Pre-requisite:- None
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out line of the course out line of the course

3. Contents
2. COURSE OBJECTIVES 1. INTRODUCTION
Upon the completion of this course students are able 1.1. Basic relationship in the Construction Process
to:-
Understand the properties of various construction 1.2. Classification of material
materials& their uses in building construction. 1.3. Selection of materials
1.4. Properties of materials
Have sufficient knowledge on the performance of
construction materials 2. BUILDING STONE
2.1 Classification of building stone
Undertake quality tests in laboratory on
construction materials to insure the appropriateness 2.2 Properties of stone, testing of stone and Uses of stone
of the materials for construction purpose 2.3. Common stones for construction purpose
2.4. Quarrying of stone 4

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 Course Out Line
3. BRICK course out line
3.1. introduction
3.2. types of bricks and their uses
3.3.production of bricks
6. MORTAR Mode of assessment
4. LIME AND GYPSUM 6.1 Definition Continues assessment and
6.2 Ingredients lab performance 50%
4.1 Classification of lime
6.3 Classification Final exam 50%
4.2 Slaking and hardening of lime
4.3 Uses of lime
6.4 Purpose of mortar
4.4. Gypsum References
5. CEMENT 1. Basic Civil Engineering, Dr.B.C Punmia, Ashok K.Jain, Arunk K.Jain
5.1 Introduction 2. Civil Engineering Materials, Second Edition, Shan Somayaji
5.2 Portland cement 3. Construction Materials, Methods, And Techniques
5.3 Manufacture of cement Building For A Suitable Future, Third Edition, William,p.Spence
5.4 Types of cement
4. The Text Book Of Building Construction ,S.P.Arora, S.P.Bindra.
5.5 Properties and Testing of cement
5. Any Reference Books Related To The Course and internet

1.Introduction
1.1. Basic relationship in the Introduction
Construction Process  Construction materials: -
Owner  knowing the characteristic and qualities of
Architect / materials is very essential prior to planning, design
Finance and construction
Engineer
 Classification of construction materials
 Naturally occurring materials
 Aggregate
General Contractor Stone
Supplier 
 Soil
 Timber etc.
Testing Laboratories  Manufactured materials
 Cement
 Reinforcement(bar)
 Metal
 Special materials
Sub-Contractor  Polymers

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Building Stone Types of Stone
Name use Characteristics
 Stones are derived from rocks. . hard and great resistance to crush

They are classified in to four (4) Basalt Pavement and road . Black color

1.Physical (depends on structure)

Dolomite Pavement and light road Metamorphic rock

2. Geological (depends on mode of formation) . it is durable

Granite Construction of bridge piers, sea wall light . hard and heavy
mouse and other marine work
3. Scientific of engineering (depends on chemical .its cost is high

composition)
Marble Stair case, steps, column Color is white, grey, pink/red

4. Practical (depends on use) . It is soft, light

Lime stone Columns, stair cases, steps .Granular lime stone is fairly hard and
subjected to acid action.

What you should know? 1.3. What are the factors to be considered
when selecting a material for a specific use?
Properties • Economic factors
- Manufacturing cost, transportation, maintenance,
etc.
Uses Material Testing • Properties
- Ability to accept load (stress-strain) as required,
weight, thermal expansion, etc.
Manufacture
• Production & Construction
- Availability of material & ability to fabricate into
desired shapes
• Aesthetic
- Appearance

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 1.4 Properties of materials Cont…
a) Physical properties
Thermal properties
 Density and specific gravity
 thermal expansion
 Mechanical properties
Conductivity
 Thermal properties
heat resistance
 Acoustical properties
b) Chemical properties
Note :Here only the mechanical properties are dealt with
 Corrosion
since they have a great practical significance in civil
 Solubility
engineering work.
 Expansion and contraction
 Cohesion

Mechanical properties 2) Deformation

When forces are applied to a solid body, two results are Deformation can be classified into two:
produced
 a. elastic if the material recovers its original shape when the external
1) Internal resisting force force is released.
 plastic if the material fails to recover its original shape when the external
2) Deformation force is released
1) Internal Resisting Force 1.4.2 Classification of mechanical tests
Depending up on the arrangement and direction of the I) With reference to the direction of the external forces
external forces, the stress produced may be:
i. Tensile stress Tension test Compression test bending test
Shear test torsion test
ii. Compressive stress
iii. Shearing stress II) With reference to the rate and duration of the load application
iv. Bending stress
v. Torsional stress Static test Dynamic test Long -time test Fatigue test
vi. Combination of the above stresses Wear test

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 Tests of materials for mechanical properties
Mechanical tests may be classified under several Mechanical tests with reference to the rate &
headings with respect to the arrangement and direction duration of the load application:
of the external forces. The following classification may be a. Static Tests: these are made with gradually
made with reference to the direction of external force:
 Tension test :is produced on cross-sectional area
increasing load, such as ordinary tests in tension,
perpendicular to the line of action of the force and the compression etc.
specimen increase in length b. Dynamic test: these are made with suddenly
 Compression test: is produced on cross-sectional area applied loads, as by falling weight
perpendicular to the line of action of the force and the
specimen decrease in length c. Wear tests: these are made to determine
 Shear test: in this test, the shearing stress in a specimen is resistance to abrasion and impact, as in the case of
determined on cross- section area parallel to the line of paving materials.
action of the external force which are themselves d. Long-time tests: These are made with loads
parallel
applied to the object under test for a long period of
 Bending test: The resulting stress are compressive on one
side of a natural plane and tensile on the other side time. They are used for materials such as concrete.
 Torsion test: this is an indirect test used to determine the e. Fatigue test: these are made with fluctuating
shearing strength of a material. Test specimen for torsion stresses repeating for a large number of times.
test are generally cylindrical shape, solid or hollow

Cont… Review Questions.

1.What have you learnt from the lesson?

III) With reference to the effect of the test on the specimen 2.What are the requirements for selection of
construction materials?
Non-Destructive test
destructive tests 3.Why it is necessary to study the properties of
without affecting the performance
construction materials?
The specimens are either crushed 4.Give reasons for dealing with only mechanical
or ruptured and made useless at of the specimens
the end of the test properties of materials?
5. Differentiate types of mechanical tests on
construction materials.

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 Assignment #1

1. Write at least four construction materials with their:-

Thank you!!!
a. Definition
b. Uses
c. properties