There are four types of Tournaments
1. Round Robin or League Tournament
2. Knock-out Tournaments
3. Combination Tournament
4. Challenge Tournament -not in the syllabus
Knock-out or Elimination Tournaments
Single knock-out Consolaton Double knock-out Bagnull wild
or Single climination tournament or Double elimination elimination
tournament
(Type 1st and type 2nd) tournament tournament
League or Round Robin Tournaments
Single league Double ieague
tournament tournament
Procedures for Cyclic Tabular Staircase
drawing up fixtures method method method
Combination Tournaments
Knock-out-cum Knock-out League-cum League-cum
-knock-out cum -league
tournament tournament
-league
tournament
-knock-out
tournament
Challenge Tournaments
Ladder tournamernt Pyramid tourmarment
1. Knock-out Tournament
In this type of tournament, a team that is once
defeated automatically gets eliminated from the
tournament. Only the winning continues in the
tournament.
Advantages of a knock-out tournament
1. The knock-out tournament is less expensive
3. aMinimum number of officials is required in this
type of Tournament.
4. Helpful in enhancing the standards of the sport
Disadvantages
1. Good teams May get eliminated in Ist or lInd round.
2. There is more chance of a weak team entering
final.
2. League or Round Robin Tournament
Each team plays with every other team once if it is a
single league tournament and twice if it is a double
league tournament.
Types of League Tournament
1. Single League Tournament
2. Double League Tournament
Advantages of League Tournament
1. Only a strong or deserving team gets the victory
2. Every team gets the maximum opportunity to prove
themselves.
3. Sports become popular because of the no. of the
tournament.
4. Sports officials get enough time to watch the
efficiency and performance of a player.
5. Team need not win every match.
6. Players get enough no. of opportunity.
Disadvantages of the League Tournament
1. Requires more time.
2. It costs more.
3. It requires making more arrangements for sports
officials and teams.
4. Some team's Moral gets down bcoz of again and
again defeat. In such situations, the team is unable to
perform well.
5.The team coming from far, wastes their time and
money.
3. Combination Tournament
Combination Tournaments are Conducted when the
match is plaved on a group or zonal basis.
There are four combinations on which this Tournament
is organized.
1. Knock-out cum Knock-out
2. League cum League
3. Knock-out cum League
4. League cum Knock-out
Method of Preparing Fixture in
Knock-out Tournament (Bye and
Seeding)
Essential Points for a Knock-out Tournament
The total no. of teams participating in the
tournament.
Total no. of matches.
The total no. of rounds.
The no. of teams in each half or quarter.
The total number of byes.
The no. of byes in each half.
1. Total No. of matches in knock out tournament= N-1
(N=No. of total teams)
2. Total No. of Rounds
Total no. of Rounds- If the total number of teams is in
the power of 2,eg.- 16,then the total no. of rounds will
be 2x2x2x2= 4
2x2x2 x 2 = 4rounds
16 teams, rounds = |
If the total number of teams is not in the power of two,
then the no. of rounds will be equal to the multiple of
the next power of two.
21 teams, round |
2x 2x 2 x 2 x 2 - 5rounds
3. Number of teams in each half
All the teams are divided into two halves for the sake
of convenience. If the number of teams is even, then
the number of teams in the upper and lower half will
be equal i.e Total teams 10 then apply the formulae
N/2.
Number of teams in upper half = N/2 = 10/2 = 5
N/ 20/ =
2 2 10
Number of teams in lower half = N/2 = 10/2 = 5
N = 20= 10
2 2
If the number of teams is odd, then apply (N+1)/2
for the upper half and (N-1) /2 for the lower half.
Byes
Bye means avoiding playing a match in the first round
of the tournament.
. Some teams may get a bye in the first round,
by which they get promoted to higher-round
competition.
If the total number of teams are in the power of 2 like
2, 4, 6,8, etc. then it is easytodrawa fixture by
dividing teams into equal halves, but if the total
number of team is not in the power of 2 like 3,5,6,7,
etc. then byes are given.
The teams which are given bye do not play in the first
round.
Number of Byes
No. of byes calculated by subtracting the total no. of
teams for the power of 2 greater than the total no. of
teams.
Example 1-No. of teams = 19
Next highest no., which is in power of 2=
32
Byes= 32-19 = 13
Number of byes in upper half =(Nb-1) /2
Number of byes in lower half= (Nb+1) /2
Example- Total number of byes = 13
Number of byes in upper half- (13-1) /2 =6
13-1
2
=6
Number of byes in lower half= (13+1)/2 =7
Quarter
Teams are further divided into quarters
The
upper halves are further divided in the land Il quarters
and the lower halves in the |ll& IV quarters.
The total no. of teams is divided by 4.
If Remainder is 0, teams are equally divided into four
equal halves.
- If Remainder is 1,Iquarter get the extra team
If 2, I& Illquarter get 1extra team.
- If 3, I, l& I|lquarters get 1 extra team.
Seeding Method
It is done to prevent the strong teams from competing
witheach other in the initial roun
Therefore the strong teams are placed in the position
where they will get a bye
Example: Total no. of teams = 6
Next power of twO after 6 = 8
No. of byes 8- 6 =2
Seeding = Last of lower half and first of upper half.
The number of matches 6 -1 =5.
1 Bye (Seeding)
2 3
Upper Half 3
4
Lower Half 6 Bye (Seeding)
Special Seeding
It is a methodof seeding inwhich the players or
teams directly participate in the quarter-final orsemi
final matches thus avoiding their participation in the
initial rounds.
Examples
1. Make a fixture of 19 teams.
Fixture 1- Bye
2-Bye
12
3-Bye
5
(16)
Upper Haf
8- Bye
Jo
9-Bye
10- Bye.
(18) Winner
11- Bye
12-Byè
13-Bye
14
Lower Half
15
16-Bye
1
17-Bye
18-Bye
19-Bye
2. Make a fixture of 12 teams where 4 teams get
special seeding.
Total number of teams =12
Number of teams m upper half = N/2=12/2=6
Number of teams in lower half = N/2= 6
Teams setting specialseeding =4
Number of matches =12 - 1 =11
Teams 1st Round 2nd Round 3rd Round 4th Round
Quarter Final Semi Final Final
1
Special Seeding
2 Special Seeding
Upper 3
Half 4 Winner
Loser eliminated
5
6
(1)Winner
7
8
Lower
Half 10
11 Special Seeding
12 Special Seeding
The procedure of Fixtures in the
League Tournament
Three methods are used in the league tournament
1.Cyclic method
2. Staircase method
3. Tabular method
1. Staircase Method
Fixtures are made like a staircase in this method. It is
arranged in sequential form, there is no bye, no
problem of odd or even and therefore it is easiest to
arrange.
The fixture is given below
1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4 3-4
1-5 2-5 3-5 4-5
1-6 2-6 3-6 4-6 5-6
1-7 2-7 3-7 4-7 5-7 6-7
1-8 2-8 3-8 4-8 5-8 6-8 7-8
|-9 2-9 3-9 4-9 5-9 6-9 7-9 8-9
2. Cyclic Method
In this method, if the number of teams is even (.e. 4,
6,8,...), then Team 1 is fixed on the top right side and
the other teams move in the clockwise direction down
one side of a rectangle and up on the other side. In
such a case, the number of rounds will be N-1 if N
teams are participating.
If the number of teams is odd (i.e. 3, 5, 7,..), a 'bye' is
fixed at the top and all teams follow it in sequence. In
Such a case, the number of rounds will be N.
Example Make a fixture of 5 teams on the cyclic
method.
Total number of teams = 5
Total number of matches = N(N-1)/2=5(5-1)/2=10
Total number of rounds = 5
Round 1st R 2nd R 3rd R 4th R 5th R
45Bye 44Bye 3-Byel 4 2Bye| 1Byel
4’ 1 3 5 2 4 13 52
3 2t 2 1|1 5 |5 4 |4 3
Deciding the Winner
The method to decide the winner in the tournaments
is bycalculating the percentage of matches won.
1. American Method
Percentage = Matches Won/MatchesPlayedx100
2. British Method- In this method point is given to the
team. 2 points are given to the winner of the match, 0
points to the loser of the match, and 1point to each
case ofa draw.
