Derivatives of
Implicit
Functions
Basic Calculus
Capstone Project
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Illustrate implicit
differentiation
(STEM_BC11D-IIIi-2).
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Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
● Differentiate explicit and implicit
functions.
● Use implicit differentiation in finding
the derivatives of implicit functions.
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Explicit and Implicit Functions
An explicit function is a function
defined by the equation 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙). In
other words, 𝑦 is isolated on one side
of the equation.
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Explicit and Implicit Functions
An implicit function is a function that
is not written in the form 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙).
This means that 𝑦 can be found on
either or both sides of the equation
together with 𝑥.
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Implicit Differentiation
Implicit differentiation is a
method of finding the
derivatives of implicit
functions.
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Implicit Differentiation
𝑑𝑦
In solving for , the differentiation taking
𝑑𝑥
place is with respect to 𝒙 . When we
differentiate with similar variables, we
differentiate as it is.
𝒅
In 𝑥 2, the derivative is 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐𝒙.
𝒅𝒙
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Implicit Differentiation
However, if we have different
variables involved, we apply the chain
rule.
If we differentiate 𝑦 2 with respect to 𝑥,
𝒅𝒚
we get 𝟐𝒚 .
𝒅𝒙 8
Implicit Differentiation
Example:
Find the derivative of
2 2
x + y = 4.
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Implicit Differentiation
Example:
Find the derivative of
2 2
x + y = 4.
𝒅𝒚 𝒙
=−
𝒅𝒙 𝒚
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Let’s Practice!
𝒅𝒚
Find if 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝒚.
𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
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Let’s Practice!
𝒅𝒚
Find if 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝒚.
𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝟏
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Try It!
𝒅𝒚
Find if 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚 = 𝒙.
𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
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Let’s Practice!
Differentiate
𝟑 𝟐
𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐
with respect to 𝒙.
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Let’s Practice!
Differentiate
𝒚𝟑 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐 with
respect to 𝒙.
𝒅𝒚 𝟒
= 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟓
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Try It!
Differentiate
𝒚𝟒 − 𝟔𝒚𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
with respect to 𝒙.
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Let’s Practice!
Find the derivative of
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙 𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚
with respect to 𝒙.
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Let’s Practice!
Find the derivative of
𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 with
respect to 𝒙.
𝒅𝒚 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟔𝒙𝒚 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐
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Try It!
Find the derivative of
𝟑 𝟒
𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚 = 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟏𝟓𝒙
with respect to 𝒙.
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Check Your Understanding
Find the derivative of the following equations
with respect to 𝒙.
1. 4𝑥 2 − 10𝑦 2 − 8𝑥𝑦 = 0
2. 3𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑥 3 𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 8
3. 2𝑦 𝑥𝑦 = 10 𝑦
4. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦)4 = 8𝑥𝑒 𝑦
5. 𝑒 sin 𝑦 + 𝑒 cos 𝑥 = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)
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Let’s Sum It Up!
𝑑𝑦
● Implicit differentiation is used to find
𝑑𝑥
if 𝑦 is an implicitly defined function of 𝑥.
o Step 1: Differentiate both sides of the
equation with respect to 𝑥. Use chain
rule in differentiating 𝑦.
𝑑𝑦
o Step 2: Isolate .
𝑑𝑥
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Bibliography
Edwards, C.H., and David E. Penney. Calculus: Early Transcendentals. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008.
Larson, Ron H., and Bruce H. Edwards. Essential Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 2008.
Leithold, Louis. The Calculus 7. New York: HarperCollins College Publ., 1997.
Smith, Robert T., and Roland B. Milton. Calculus. New York: McGraw Hill, 2012.
Tan, Soo T. Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences: A Brief Approach. Australia:
Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2012.
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