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Duke Xian of Qin (725-704 BC) - Wikipedia

Duke Xian of Qin (725–704 BC) was the monarch of the Qin state from 715 to 704 BC, succeeding his grandfather Duke Wen of Qin. During his reign, he moved the capital to Pingyang and achieved military victories, but also faced defeats. He died at the age of 21, leaving three sons, with the youngest being installed as ruler despite the eldest being the crown prince.

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46 views2 pages

Duke Xian of Qin (725-704 BC) - Wikipedia

Duke Xian of Qin (725–704 BC) was the monarch of the Qin state from 715 to 704 BC, succeeding his grandfather Duke Wen of Qin. During his reign, he moved the capital to Pingyang and achieved military victories, but also faced defeats. He died at the age of 21, leaving three sons, with the youngest being installed as ruler despite the eldest being the crown prince.

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04/03/2025, 21:17 Duke Xian of Qin (725–704 BC) - Wikipedia

Duke Xian of Qin (725–704 BC)


Duke Xian of Qin (Chinese: 秦 憲 公 ; pinyin: Qín
Xiàn Gōng, 725–704 BC), personal name unknown, Duke Xian of Qin
was from 715 to 704 BC the monarch of the Qin 秦憲公
state. His posthumous name was recorded as Duke Ruler of Qin
Ning of Qin (秦寧公) in the Records of the Grand Reign 715–704 BC
Historian by Western Han historian Sima Qian, but Predecessor Duke Wen of Qin
inscriptions on excavated bronzes from the era have
Successor Chuzi I
proven that "Ning" (寧) was a miscopy of the correct
character "Xian" (憲).[1] Born 725 BC
Died 704 BC (aged 21)

Accession to the throne Spouse Lu Ji (魯姬)


Wang Ji (王姬)
Duke Xian succeeded his grandfather Duke Wen of Issue Duke Wu of Qin (by Lu Ji)
Qin, who ruled for 50 years and died in 716 BC. Duke Duke De of Qin (by Lu Ji)
Xian was made the crown prince after his father Chuzi I (by Wang Ji)
predeceased Duke Wen in 718 BC. His father was Posthumous name
given the posthumous title Duke Jing of Qin (秦竫公) Duke Xian (憲公)
although he never ascended the throne.[2]
House Ying
Dynasty Qin
Reign Father Duke Jing of Qin (秦竫公)

In 714 BC, the second year of Duke Xian's reign, the Qin capital was moved to Pingyang (平陽, in
present-day Baoji, Shaanxi). The next year Qin defeated the Rong state of Bo ( 亳 ), whose king
escaped to the Rong homeland.[2]

In autumn 708 BC Qin attacked the minor state of Rui, but was defeated. Qin returned in winter
with the army of King Huan of Zhou, defeated Rui, and captured Wan, Count of Rui.[3]

Succession
In 704 BC Qin annexed Bo. Duke Xian died in the same year, aged 21. He had three young sons:
the eldest, later known as Duke Wu of Qin, was the crown prince. The second son, later known as
Duke De of Qin, was born to the same mother, Lu Ji (鲁姬). However, the ministers Fuji and Sanfu
deposed the crown prince and installed the youngest son, by Duke Xian's other wife Wang Ji (王
姬), on the throne. The boy was only five years old and would become known as Chuzi.[2]

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04/03/2025, 21:17 Duke Xian of Qin (725–704 BC) - Wikipedia

References
1. Han, Zhaoqi (2010). "Annals of Qin". Annotated Shiji (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company.
pp. 353–359. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3.
2. Sima Qian. 秦本纪 (http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/shiji/sj_005.htm) [Annals of Qin].
Records of the Grand Historian (in Chinese). guoxue.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20230622140813/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/shiji/sj_005.htm) from the original on
22 June 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
3. Zuo Qiuming (translation by James Legge). "Book VII. Duke Huan" (http://www2.iath.virginia.ed
u/saxon/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=xwomen/texts/chunqiu.xml&style=xwomen/xsl/dynaxml.
xsl&chunk.id=d2.8&toc.depth=1&toc.id=0&doc.lang=bilingual). Zuo Zhuan (in Chinese and
English). University of Virginia. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191221221521/http://w
ww2.iath.virginia.edu/saxon/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=xwomen/texts/chunqiu.xml&style=xw
omen/xsl/dynaxml.xsl&chunk.id=d2.8&toc.depth=1&toc.id=0&doc.lang=bilingual) from the
original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2012. Chapter IV.

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