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King Huiwen of Qin - Wikipedia

King Huiwen of Qin (356–311 BC) was the first ruler of the Qin state to adopt the title 'King' and ruled from 338 to 311 BC. His reign was marked by military expansion, including the conquest of Shu and Ba, and he implemented legalist reforms while maintaining the systems established by his predecessors. He died in 311 BC and was succeeded by his son, King Wu of Qin.

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26 views3 pages

King Huiwen of Qin - Wikipedia

King Huiwen of Qin (356–311 BC) was the first ruler of the Qin state to adopt the title 'King' and ruled from 338 to 311 BC. His reign was marked by military expansion, including the conquest of Shu and Ba, and he implemented legalist reforms while maintaining the systems established by his predecessors. He died in 311 BC and was succeeded by his son, King Wu of Qin.

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04/03/2025, 22:03 King Huiwen of Qin - Wikipedia

King Huiwen of Qin


King Huiwen of Qin (Chinese: 秦惠文王; 356–311
BC), also known as Lord Huiwen of Qin (Chinese: King Huiwen of Qin
秦惠文君), personal name Ying Si, was the ruler of 秦惠文王
the Qin state from 338 to 311 BC.[1][2] He was the Reign 338–311 BC
first ruler of Qin to style himself "King" (王) instead Predecessor Duke Xiao of Qin
of "Duke" (公). Successor King Wu of Qin
Born 356 BC

Biography Died 311 BC (aged 44–45)


Spouse Queen Huiwen
Queen Dowager Xuan
Early life Issue Tong, Marquis of Shu
Prince Si was the son of Duke Xiao, and succeeded King Wu of Qin
his father as ruler after the latter's death.[3] When King Zhaoxiang of Qin
the adolescent Si was still crown prince, he
Yun, Marquis of Shu
committed a crime and was severely punished for it.
Shi, Lord Gaoling
The great minister Shang Yang was just then
implementing his legalist reforms to the laws of Qin Kui, Lord Jingyang
and he insisted that the crown prince should be Queen Yi of Yan
punished for the crime regardless of his royal status. Full name
Duke Xiao approved of the draconian punishment
Family name: Ying (嬴)
and Si's tutors, Prince Qian ( 公 子 虔 ), Duke Xiao's
older brother, and Gongsun Gu ( 公 孫 賈 ), for Given name: Si (駟) or Yin (駰)
neglecting their duties in educating the crown Posthumous name
prince, with Prince Qian having his nose cut off and King Huiwen (惠文王)
Gongsun receiving the punishment of qing ( 黥 ; a or
form of punishment which involved branding a King Hui (惠王)
criminal by tattooing his face), while Ying Si was House Ying
banished from the royal palace.
Dynasty Qin
It was believed that Si harboured a personal grudge Father Duke Xiao of Qin
against Shang Yang and when he came to the throne
as King Huiwen, Si had Shang Yang put to death on charges of treason. However, Huiwen retained
the reformed systems in Qin left behind by his father and Shang Yang.

Reign
During Huiwen's reign, Qin became very powerful in terms of its military strength, and constantly
invaded neighbouring states as part of its expansionism policy. In 316 BC it conquered the states of
Shu and Ba to the south in the Sichuan basin. The strategy here was to annex and colonize the
semi-civilized lands to the south rather than confront the more advanced states to the east with
their large armies. The strategist Gongsun Yan, a student of Guiguzi, managed to persuade five of
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04/03/2025, 22:03 King Huiwen of Qin - Wikipedia

the other six major states to form an alliance to deal with Qin. However, Gongsun Yan's fellow
student, Zhang Yi, came into the service of Huiwen as his prime minister and he helped Qin break
up the alliance by sowing discord among the five states.

Death
King Huiwen ruled Qin for 27 years and died in 311 BC at the age of 46. He was succeeded by his
son, King Wu of Qin, born of Queen Huiwen.

Family
Queens:

Queen Huiwen, of Wei (惠文后; d. 305 BC), possibly a daughter of King Hui of Wei; married in
334 BC; the mother of Crown Prince Dang
Queen Dowager Xuan, of the Mi clan of Chu (宣太后 羋姓; d. 265 BC), a royal of Chu by birth;
the mother of Princes Ji, Shi and Kui
Sons:

Prince Tong (公子通; d. 311 BC), ruled as the Marquis of Shu from 313–311 BC
Crown Prince Dang (太子盪; 329–307 BC), ruled as King Wu of Qin from 310–307 BC
Prince Zhuang (公子壯; d. 305 BC)
Prince Yong (公子雍; d. 305 BC)
Prince Ji (公子稷; 325–251 BC), ruled as King Zhaoxiang of Qin from 306–251 BC
Prince Yun (公子惲; d. 301 BC), ruled as the Marquis of Shu from 308–301 BC
Prince Shi (公子市)

Known by his title, Lord Gaoling (高陵君)


Prince Kui (公子悝)

Known by his title, Lord Jingyang (涇陽君)


Prince Yao (公子繇)
Prince Chi (公子池)
Daughters:

Queen Yi of Yan (燕易后)


Married King Yi of Yan (d. 321 BC) in 334 BC

Ancestry
Duke Ling of Qin (d. 415
BC)

Duke Xian of Qin (424–362 BC)

Duke Xiao of Qin (381–338 BC)

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King Huiwen of Qin (356–311 BC)

In fiction and popular culture


Portrayed by Fu Dalong in The Qin Empire II: Alliance (2012)
Portrayed by Alex Fong in The Legend of Mi Yue (2015)
Portrayed by Gallen Lo in Song of Phoenix (2017)

References
1. Sima Qian. 秦本纪 (http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/shiji/sj_005.htm) [Annals of Qin].
Records of the Grand Historian (in Chinese). guoxue.com. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
2. Han (2010), 340
3. [1] (https://archive.today/20120709170349/http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k7430
&pageid=icb.page29892&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent80533&view=view.do&viewParam_n
ame=shangyang.htm) Harvard University reference page for a 2006 class called Moral
Reasoning; includes a useful map.

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