QUESTION BANK

1 THE LAST LESSON

SHORT ANSWER
1. If this had been M. Hamel’s first lesson, how do you think the school
experience of the students might have been impacted?

ANS. If this had been Mr. Hamel's first lesson, the students' experience
would likely have been very different. Mr. Hamel, as a dedicated French
teacher, initially faced resistance from the villagers who did not see the
importance of learning the French language. Over time, he succeeded in
convincing them of its value, and by the time of his final lesson, the villagers
showed deep respect and appreciation for him. They gathered in large
numbers to honor him, making the session particularly meaningful.
However, had it been the first lesson, the response from the students
would have been far less respectful. They would have lacked the
understanding and appreciation for his teachings, and the atmosphere
might have been less receptive or even indifferent. The connection
between Mr. Hamel and the students, which had been built over time,
would not have been there to create such a warm and respectful farewell.

2. Little Franz is the narrator of the story. The name ‘Franz’ means ‘from
France’. In what way does the story being told as a first-person narrative
of Franz impact your reading and understanding of the story? Provide at
least one evidence from the text to support your opinion.

ANS. The story being told from Franz's perspective as a first-person narrator
has a significant impact on how we read and understand the story. Since
Franz is the one narrating, we are able to directly experience his internal
conflict, confusion, and realization, especially in relation to his own failure
to appreciate the importance of learning his native language. As a result,
the reader can connect with his feelings of regret and his growing
awareness of the value of his heritage.
The fact that the narrator's name, Franz, means "from France" is
particularly significant. It highlights the theme of pride in one's language
and heritage. Franz's realization about the importance of learning his own
language becomes more poignant because he is directly connected to the
French identity. In the text, Franz reflects on his neglect of the language,
saying, "I had not learned my lessons as I should have, and now it was too
late." This moment of regret underscores the story’s larger theme about
the importance of preserving one's culture, language, and identity. Through
Franz's narration, we are able to experience his emotional growth as he
realizes the value of what he has lost.

At the end of his last lesson, M. Hamel decides to leave a little note for
each of his students for them to find the next day at their desks. Based on
your reading of the story, what might his note to Franz read?
You may begin like this:
Dear Franz, I know you have always preferred to run in the open fields …

ANS. Dear Franz,

I know you have always preferred to run in the open fields, and I
understand the lure of freedom that lies beyond the classroom. But today, I
hope you realized how important it is to stay grounded in the knowledge of
your own heritage. The French language is part of who you are, and it will
always be a key to understanding the world around you.
You may not have paid much attention to your lessons before, but
remember, it's never too late to start. I trust that, like the fields you love so
much, your mind will grow and flourish with the right care. Take pride in
your language, for it is a treasure that connects you to your past, your
people, and your future.
With all my best wishes for your journey ahead,

M. Hamel

LONG ANSWER
1. Though tempted by the bright day, Franz stated that he had “the
strength to resist, and hurried off to school.” As the story progresses,
the reader realizes that Franz, M. Hamel and the villagers would
perhaps need “the strength to resist” much larger forces.
Discuss how the story provides strategies for resistance and protection
of one’s identity and community through its events and characters.
Provide relevant textual details to support your argument.

ANS. "The Last Lesson" provides several strategies for resistance and the
protection of one's identity and community through its events and
characters. The story emphasizes the importance of cultural heritage,
standing up for what one believes in, and valuing communal
connections in the face of external oppression.
Firstly, the story highlights the value of preserving one’s cultural
heritage. M. Hamel, despite the ban on teaching French imposed by the
German authorities, chooses to dedicate his last lesson to instilling pride
in his students for their language. He teaches them that the French
language is not merely a means of communication, but a vital part of
their identity and history. As M. Hamel declares, “It is our language, our
soul.” This powerful statement underscores the deep connection
between language and culture, suggesting that preserving one’s
language is a form of resistance against cultural erasure and loss of
identity.
Secondly, the story demonstrates the importance of standing up for
one’s beliefs, even when faced with overwhelming external forces. M.
Hamel’s decision to hold his final lesson, despite knowing it will be his
last and the looming pressure from the occupying German forces, is a
courageous act of defiance. By continuing to teach French, he resists the
imposition of a foreign language and affirms the value of his own
culture. His statement, “We must always keep learning,” conveys the
message that education, language, and knowledge are essential tools of
resistance against the forces that seek to suppress one’s identity.
Lastly, the story emphasizes the importance of community bonds.
Franz’s growing respect for M. Hamel and his understanding of the
 significance of the final lesson illustrate the strong ties that connect
people within a community. The shared experience of learning French
becomes a symbol of unity and belonging. M. Hamel’s final words to his
students, "We must love our country, and cherish it always," reflect the
idea that protecting one’s identity and heritage is not just an individual
responsibility, but a collective one, shared by all members of a
community.
In conclusion, "The Last Lesson" offers powerful strategies for
resistance—valuing one's language and culture, standing up for one's
beliefs in the face of adversity, and cherishing the relationships that bind
communities together. Through the actions and words of the characters,
the story encourages readers to protect their identities and resist forces
that seek to diminish them.

On the day of the last lesson, Franz felt that the “whole school was
strange”.
Throughout the story, the reader encounters Franz’ account of how school
usually was, and what it was like on the last day of class with M. Hamel.
This contrast comes across through events, and the actions and
viewpoints
of various characters.
• In what way can the story be seen as a comment on schooling in
general?
• Does Franz’ description of school life resonate with your own
experience?
• Do you think the story might also provide advice on what good
education entails?
Substantiate your argument with relevant instances from the text.

ANS. Through Franz's perspective, The Last Lesson can be seen as a

comment on the nature of schooling, highlighting the contrasts between
the usual mundane, routine school life and the reverence and importance
given to education on the day of the last lesson. The story offers a
reflection on how often education is taken for granted and how it only
becomes truly appreciated when it is about to be lost.
 Contrast Between Usual School Life and the Last Lesson:
On the day of the last lesson, Franz describes the school as "strange"
because of the drastic shift in atmosphere compared to usual school days.
Some key observations that highlight this contrast include:
• Quiet and solemn atmosphere: The school was quieter than usual, “like
Sunday morning,” a calm that was uncharacteristic of the typical school
day. Franz notices that M. Hamel, usually strict, was surprisingly kind and
gentle that day.
• Presence of the villagers: Unlike a typical lesson, where only students were
present, this time the villagers came to the class to show respect to M.
Hamel, acknowledging his 40 years of service as a teacher. This adds a
sense of reverence and importance to the lesson, which is absent on an
ordinary school day.
• Pin-drop silence in the classroom: The students were unusually attentive,
with no distractions, unlike the usual noises of desks opening and closing or
the teacher's ruler striking the table.
Franz’s Description of Usual School Life:
In contrast, Franz recalls that on a regular school day:
• Bustling and chaotic environment: The classroom was filled with the noise
of students, the rapping of M. Hamel’s ruler, and the general distractions of
everyday school life. The lessons were prepared in a more routine, less
thoughtful manner, and there was little appreciation of the subject matter.
• Strict, harsh teacher-student dynamics: M. Hamel, though dedicated, was
known to be strict and often reprimanded students, creating an
atmosphere of fear rather than respect for learning.
Comment on Schooling in General:
The story subtly critiques the way in which education is often taken for
granted. It demonstrates how school life can become mechanical and
routine, with students failing to appreciate the importance of their learning
until it is too late. Franz's initial lack of interest in his lessons and his
eventual regret on the last day illustrates the common tendency to
undervalue education, only recognizing its significance when faced with its
loss.
Resonance with Personal Experience:
 Franz's description of school life might resonate with many people's
experiences. Schooling can sometimes feel routine and devoid of emotional
connection, where the focus is more on the mechanics of learning than the
deeper value of education. As students, many often take school for
granted, not fully realizing its importance until a pivotal moment, much like
Franz’s realization on the last day of class.
Advice on What Good Education Entails:
The story also provides advice on what constitutes good education.
Through the events and M. Hamel’s actions, the story suggests that good
education:
1. Nurtures appreciation for one’s culture and identity: M. Hamel’s final
lesson stresses the importance of learning one's native language, not just as
a tool of communication, but as a connection to one’s roots. He teaches his
students to cherish their language and their culture.
2. Instills respect for the subject and the teacher: On the last day, both the
students and the villagers show great respect for M. Hamel, demonstrating
the value of teaching that goes beyond mere knowledge transmission. A
good teacher inspires respect and instills a sense of pride in the subject
matter.
3. Should not be taken for granted: The story emphasizes that education is a
privilege that should be appreciated, not just a routine task. Franz’s regret
about neglecting his lessons highlights the message that education is a
valuable resource that should not be wasted.
In conclusion, The Last Lesson encourages readers to value education, to
respect the cultural and personal significance of what they learn, and to
recognize the importance of seizing every opportunity for learning before it
is too late. It provides a reflection on how education should be a source of
pride and respect, not a taken-for-granted part of daily life.

2 LOST SPRING
SHORT ANSWER
1. Why do you think Mukesh is content to dream of cars and doesn’t dream
of flying a plane?
ANS. Mukesh dreams of cars rather than flying a plane because cars are a
more realistic and attainable aspiration in his world. In Firozabad, where he
lives, cars are a familiar sight, while planes are far out of reach for people
like him. Despite his harsh circumstances, Mukesh's dreams are not
extinguished; he dreams within the limits of what he believes is possible.
His choice to dream of cars, instead of something even more distant like
flying a plane, shows his resilience and hope for a better future, even when
constrained by his environment.
2. Do you believe that ‘God-given lineage can be broken’? Support your
position with a rationale.

ANS. Mukesh's grandmother believes that poverty is their destined fate,

rooted in tradition, and that they are meant to make and sell bangles. She
sees this as an unchangeable part of their life, given by God. Mukesh,
however, dreams of becoming a mechanic, showing his desire to break free
from this ancestral work and create a better future, despite the limitations
set by his community and family.

3. How do you think the author’s life might have been impacted after her
interactions with the children and their families mentioned in ‘Lost
Spring’?

ANS. Based on the book, it is clear that Anees Jung was deeply moved by
the plight of the children and families she encountered in the slums of
Delhi. She was struck by the stark contrast between the wealth and luxury
of the city and the poverty and squalor of the slums. What particularly
impacted her was the resilience and dignity of the children who had to
work to survive, often sacrificing their childhood and education.
These experiences in the slums may have shaped Anees Jung’s worldview,
making her more conscious of the social and economic inequalities that
persist in Indian society. Her exposure to such harsh realities likely
deepened her empathy for marginalized communities and gave her a sense
of urgency to address these issues through her writing. As a result, her
work might have been influenced by a desire to give voice to those who are
often overlooked, shedding light on their struggles and resilience while
calling for social change.

LONG ANSWER

1. How does the story, ‘Lost Spring’ highlight the apathy of society and
those in power to end the vicious cycle of poverty? Support your
answer with textual evidence.

ANS. 1.Lack of Access to Education: The story highlights the severe

lack of educational opportunities for children in the slums. Even
when children are able to attend school, many are forced to drop out
early due to financial pressures or social discrimination. This lack of
education traps them in the cycle of poverty, limiting their chances to
escape their circumstances and build a better future for themselves.

2.The Exploitation of Children: The narrative exposes the exploitation

of children who are compelled to work long hours in difficult and
unsafe conditions to support their families. These children often
endure physical and emotional tolls, working for meager wages and
missing out on childhood experiences, all in the name of survival.

3.Discrimination Based on Caste: The story also sheds light on the

caste-based discrimination that still exists in India, particularly in the
slums. People from lower castes often face exclusion from education,
healthcare, and even basic human dignity, perpetuating a system of
inequality and marginalization that affects their ability to lead better
lives.

4.Lack of Political Will: The narrative suggests that political leaders

and government officials have failed to address the systemic issues of
poverty and inequality. The absence of strong policies for education,
healthcare, and welfare for the marginalized communities
 exacerbates the situation, denying them the opportunities that could
break the chains of poverty. The lack of political will to make real
changes leaves these vulnerable populations to continue struggling
with no real hope of improvement.

2. Certain traditions and lineage, condemn thousands of children to a

life of abject poverty and choke their aspirations.
• Do you agree? Explain.
• How can we change this? Suggest some ways to tackle this issue.

ANS. Yes, I agree that Lost Spring vividly portrays the harsh realities of poverty
and the way certain traditions trap families in a cycle of suffering. The story by
Anees Jung highlights the grim conditions faced by poor children forced to live in
slums and work in unhealthy, dangerous environments. The first part of the story
focuses on the lives of rag pickers who have migrated from Bangladesh and now
reside in Seemapuri, a place where poverty reigns, and children have little hope
for a brighter future.
The second part delves into the lives of bangle-makers in Firozabad, where
children like Saeeda and others are born into a system that perpetuates poverty.
Despite their grueling labor, these families can barely afford the basics, such as
food, and their children are deprived of education and opportunities. What’s even
more painful is the blind adherence to traditions that prevent these children from
pursuing other professions that could offer them a better life. The deeply
ingrained belief that children must follow in their parents' footsteps and continue
the work of bangle-making robs them of the chance to break free from their
circumstances.
3 DEEP WATER
SHORT ANSWER
1. Seemingly small everyday wins are actually the greatest learnings of life.
Comment on the statement with reference to the chapter “Deep Water”
ANS. Douglas learned a valuable lesson after overcoming his fear of water. By
hiring a trainer and learning to swim, he was able to face his fear head-on. His
 successful attempts at swimming in Lake Wentworth and Warm Lake boosted
his confidence. Through this experience, he realized that fear itself is often the
greatest obstacle, and once we confront it, we can overcome it. Douglas
understood that with determination, courage, and the willingness to face our
fears, we can conquer any challenge that stands in our way.

2. If you could give the chapter a new title, what would it be? Support your
answer with reference to the chapter “Deep Water”

ANS. "Conquering Fear" is an apt title as it reflects the story's theme of the author
overcoming his fear of deep water. Through determination and swimming
lessons, Douglas faces and defeats his fear, learning that fear itself is the true
obstacle. The title captures his journey of confronting and conquering his fears.

3. Getting rid of fear is an extremely difficult task. Elucidate with reference

to the chapter “Deep Water”.
ANS. After overcoming his fear of water, Douglas realized that fear itself is the
only true enemy. He understood that once he conquered fear, there was
nothing he couldn't achieve. This lesson came to him after he completely
triumphed over his fear of water, demonstrating that with determination and
courage, any obstacle can be overcome.
4. Discuss the significance of the references to the natural world in the
chapter “Deep Water”.
Ans. The references to the natural world in Deep Water effectively highlight
both the beauty and tranquility of nature, providing a sharp contrast to the
narrator's inner turmoil and fear of water. Descriptions of the calm, vast lakes
serve as a peaceful backdrop, which emphasizes the struggle within Douglas as
he faces his fear. At the same time, nature symbolizes the potential for
personal growth, illustrating how overcoming fear can lead to a sense of
harmony and balance. The natural world, in this sense, not only contrasts with
 the narrator’s initial anxiety but also represents healing and the strength to
overcome obstacles.

LONG ANSWER
1. Imagine that the bully who threw Douglas into the pool reads this chapter
and realizes his mistake.
As the bully, write a diary entry penning down your response to Douglas’
perseverance and your own feelings of guilt and regret.
ANS. Dear Diary,
Today, something unexpected happened. I came across a chapter called "Deep
Water" and as I started reading, I couldn't believe my eyes. It was about me,
about what I did to Douglas all those years ago. The guilt washed over me like a
tidal wave, and I felt an immediate pang of regret.
Reading about Douglas's perseverance in the face of fear was both inspiring and
humbling. I see now how much strength he possessed, how he refused to let my
actions define him. He faced his fear head-on, determined to overcome it, while I
was blinded by ignorance and my own insecurities.
I remember that day at the pool vividly. I thought it was just a harmless prank,
something that would make me feel powerful. But now, I realize the profound
impact it had on Douglas. It wasn't just about being thrown into the water; it was
about shattering his trust, instilling fear, and affecting him on a deeper level.
I am filled with remorse for my actions. I never took the time to understand the
consequences or consider the pain I caused. It was a thoughtless act driven by
immaturity and a desire to fit in. But now, reading about his journey, I see the
strength of character he possesses.
If only I could go back in time and undo what I did. If only I could apologize and
make amends. But time cannot be reversed, and I am left with this overwhelming
guilt. I want to reach out to Douglas and tell him how sorry I am, and how much I
regret my actions. Perhaps, if given the chance, I could learn from his
perseverance and find the courage to change myself for the better.
Today, I have realized the importance of empathy, kindness, and understanding. I
have learned that our actions can have lasting consequences on others, and it is
our responsibility to be mindful of that. I hope one day I can make amends, not
just with Douglas but with myself, by becoming a better person and ensuring that
no one else feels the pain I caused.
With a heavy heart and a newfound understanding, I sign off.
Sincerely,
[The Bully]

2. Douglas’ mother writes to the YMCA authorities holding them

accountable for the mishap as well as demanding that the authorities
employ a team of guards near the pool for supervision of the children.

As the mother, write a letter to the authorities with reference to the case
of your son.
You may begin like this:
Sir
Subject: Negligence on Premises

This is with reference to the incident of near fatal drowning of my son,

William on your premises. We were…
ANS. Subject: Negligence on Premises
Dear Sir,
I am writing in reference to the incident involving my son, William, who narrowly
escaped a drowning at your YMCA pool. We were deeply disturbed and alarmed
to learn about the mishap, where our son's life was at risk due to a clear lack of
proper supervision and safety measures at your facility.
As parents, we place our trust in the YMCA to provide a safe environment for
children to engage in recreational activities. However, the incident has
significantly shaken our confidence in your commitment to the well-being of your
visitors, especially young children.
It is concerning to note that there was an absence of vigilant supervision near the
pool area during this incident. Had there been appropriate monitoring in place,
the mishap could have been avoided, and our son would not have experienced
the trauma that now affects him. This negligence has left a lasting emotional
impact on him, including a deep fear of water, which he is struggling to overcome.
We hold the YMCA authorities responsible for this grave lapse in safety. It is your
duty to ensure the security and well-being of everyone on your premises. The
emotional and physical toll this incident has had on our son could have been
prevented had adequate measures been in place.
In light of this, we demand that the YMCA take immediate and effective action to
rectify the situation. Specifically, we request that you hire a team of trained and
qualified lifeguards to supervise the pool area, ensuring that emergency situations
are handled promptly and effectively. Additionally, we urge you to review and
enhance your safety protocols, ensuring there are no gaps or deficiencies in your
procedures. Regular safety inspections, maintenance of equipment, and
mandatory staff training should be implemented to prevent future incidents.
We expect a prompt and comprehensive response detailing the actions you will
take to address our concerns and prevent similar incidents in the future. The
safety and well-being of all children who use your facility should be your highest
priority, and we trust you will take this matter seriously and make the necessary
improvements.
We look forward to your immediate action and assurance that our concerns will
be appropriately addressed.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]

4 THE RATTRAP
SHORT ANSWER
1. If the world is “nothing but a big rattrap” as the tramp stated in the story
‘The Rattrap’, who might the rattrap peddler be? Discuss.
ANS. In "The Rattrap", the rattrap peddler symbolizes those who deceive others,
trapping them in a cycle of greed and materialism. The rattrap itself represents
false temptations that lead people astray from true happiness and connection.
However, the peddler's transformation shows that kindness and self-awareness
can help break free from these traps, highlighting the importance of compassion
over materialism.
2. Despite his philosophical insights, the vagabond fails to resist
temptations. What would you attribute this to? Explain with reference to
any instance from the text.

ANS. Despite his philosophical insights, the vagabond in "The Rattrap" fails to
resist the temptations of material comfort and security. His deep-rooted desire
for immediate gain overpowers his own principles when he steals the
banknotes from the ironmaster's house. This act of greed contradicts his
earlier reflections on the dangers of materialism, highlighting the internal
conflict between his understanding of life and the powerful lure of financial
security. His actions show how difficult it can be to resist temptations, even
when one is aware of their consequences.
3. Do you think the story reinforces a stereotype that women are more
trusting, forgiving, and less practical than men? Comment with reference
to Edla’s actions in the story.
Ans. You're absolutely right. In "The Rattrap", Edla's actions do not reinforce
the stereotype that women are more trusting, forgiving, and less practical than
men. Rather, her kindness and compassion towards the vagabond reflect her
empathy and belief in the potential for goodness in others, regardless of their
past actions. Edla's decision to show him trust and understanding is more
about her character and values than a gender-based trait. She chooses to see
the vagabond as a person capable of change, which is an expression of her
humanity and moral conviction, rather than simply an act of feminine naïveté.
4. What might be the significance of setting the story’s events during
Christmas? Justify your opinion.
 ANS. Setting the events of "The Rattrap" during Christmas indeed adds a
powerful layer of symbolism. Christmas, a time associated with generosity,
compassion, and the spirit of giving, underscores the themes of redemption
and kindness in the story. The vagabond's transformation is highlighted by the
holiday's spirit, emphasizing that even someone trapped in a cycle of
materialism and desperation can experience change. Through Edla's acts of
compassion and the generosity of the season, the story suggests that love and
kindness can offer the potential for positive transformation, providing hope for
even the most lost and misguided individuals.
LONG ANSWER
1. How would you compare the peddler’s actions in relation to the crofter
and
Edla?
Would you say kindness does not always beget kindness, and that the
conditions for receiving kindness are important for it to truly transform
people? Elaborate.
Provide relevant textual details to support the analysis

ANS. The peddler’s interactions with the crofter and Edla indeed highlight the
complexities of human behavior and the transformative power of kindness.
Initially, the peddler deceives the crofter, stealing his money after being offered
shelter and kindness. Despite the crofter’s generosity, the peddler’s actions
demonstrate that initial kindness, while valuable, doesn't always lead to a positive
transformation, especially when the recipient is not ready for change or is still
consumed by selfish motives.
In contrast, Edla’s kindness is unconditional and more deeply rooted in trust and
empathy. She believes in the peddler's potential for goodness and treats him with
genuine compassion. This unconditional kindness, unlike the crofter's more
transactional form, creates an environment in which the peddler feels truly
valued. The belief that Edla sees something redeemable in him sparks a
transformation, leading him to return the stolen money and demonstrate
remorse for his actions.
This contrast suggests that kindness alone has the potential to inspire change, but
it is the nature of that kindness—unconditional, trusting, and sincere—that can
truly bring about a lasting transformation. Edla's belief in the peddler’s goodness
gives him the hope and dignity he needed to change, while the crofter’s kindness,
though genuine, fails to penetrate the peddler’s hardened heart.

2. Imagine that you overheard the following snippet of an interaction

between the valet and the housekeeper at the ironmaster’s mansion at
the end of the story.

Speaker 1 - Trust is a difficult choice, which may or may not be rewarded.

Speaker 2 – Yes, indeed. Ms. Willmansson really believed in that fellow,

didn’t she? And he didn’t disappoint. She was so happy reading his letter,
oh her tears of joy filled my heart with so much admiration for her. Such a
kind, wonderful young lady.

Speaker 1 – Absolutely. But I wonder, what if that vagabond had run

away with the silver spoons? Would you speak so glowingly of Ms.
Willmansson then? Our master’s daughter was a bit too gullible. Wouldn’t
you say?

Speaker 2 – But she did what was right. That must count for something.
It’s Christmas, and she helped that poor man. It didn’t matter what he
did. Surely the choice of right and wrong does not depend on the
outcome.

Speaker 1 – Wouldn’t it? I should jolly well think so.

How would you respond to the questions raised in this conversation in

relation to the story? Write your response in the form of an entry in your
daily journal.
ANS. Dear Journal,
Today, I overheard an intriguing conversation between the valet and the
housekeeper at the ironmaster's mansion. They were discussing the actions of
Ms. Willmansson, the ironmaster's daughter, in relation to the vagabond in the
story "The Rattrap." The conversation raised thought-provoking questions about
trust, kindness, and the choice between right and wrong.
Speaker 1 questioned whether the valet would still speak highly of Ms.
Willmansson if the vagabond had stolen the silver spoons. The valet, Speaker 2,
defended Ms. Willmansson, emphasizing that she did what was right by helping
the poor man, regardless of the outcome. He believed that the choice of right and
wrong should not depend on the result.
These contrasting viewpoints shed light on the complexities of moral decisions.
While Speaker 1 seemed to question Ms. Willmansson's trust and labeled her as
gullible, Speaker 2 argued that her actions were praiseworthy because she chose
to do what she believed was right.
Reflecting on the story, I believe that Speaker 2's perspective resonates with the
author's intention. Selma Lagerlöf uses the character of Ms. Willmansson to
highlight the power of kindness and the potential for transformation. Ms.
Willmansson's unwavering belief in the vagabond's goodness and her act of
helping him symbolize the importance of extending kindness without expecting
anything in return.
In the end, it is not solely about the outcome or whether the vagabond could
have betrayed her trust. It is about the choices we make and the values we
uphold, even when faced with uncertainty. Ms. Willmansson's compassion and
kindness exemplify the true spirit of Christmas and the potential for positive
change in all of us.
Yours contemplatively,
[Your Name]

5 INDIGO
SHORT ANSWER
 1. The peasants were themselves the most crucial agents in the success of
the Champaran Civil Disobedience. Expand.
Ans. The success of the Champaran Civil Disobedience movement was due to the
active participation and determination of the peasants. They courageously
supported Gandhi’s protest against the indigo planters, enduring hardships and
standing united, which ultimately led to the movement's success.
2. Gandhi makes it clear that money and finance are secondary aspects of
the struggle in Champaran. Comment on the aspect that you think was
most important for Gandhi.
Ans. For Gandhi, the central focus of the Champaran struggle was the upliftment
of the oppressed peasants, rather than financial gains. He emphasized addressing
their cultural and social backwardness, prioritizing compassion, justice, and
humanitarian values. His commitment to social justice and empowering the
marginalized made these goals the heart of the movement.
3. Gandhi was a lawyer himself. Examine how his professional expertise
helped in Champaran.

Ans. Gandhi's background as a lawyer was instrumental in the Champaran

struggle. His legal knowledge helped him understand the complexities of
the oppressive indigo system and the exploitative land tenure laws. He
used this expertise to guide the peasants, equipping them with legal
arguments and strategies to challenge the unjust practices of the planters,
ultimately leading to a favorable resolution for the peasants.
4. Explain the possible reasons for Gandhi’s quick popularity among the
peasants of Champaran.

Ans. Gandhi's quick popularity among the peasants of Champaran can be

attributed to his sincerity, simplicity, and genuine concern for their well-being. His
courage in opposing the exploitative planters gave the farmers hope and a sense
of empowerment. Gandhi's nonviolent approach, along with his ability to
empathize with their struggles, made him a relatable and trusted leader, uniting
the peasants in their fight for justice.
LONG ANSWER
1. Imagine Gandhi was to deliver a speech to students in present-day India
showing them the path to becoming responsible world leaders. Based on
your understanding of Gandhi’s own leadership skills, write a speech, as
Gandhi, addressing the students about the qualities that every leader and
politician should nurture.
Dear students, you are all leaders of social change. I see many bright and
enthusiastic faces that assure me that our future is in good hands. I have learnt
from my own experience……………(continue)………….
Ans. Dear students,
You are all leaders of social change. I see many bright and enthusiastic faces that
assure me that our future is in good hands. I have learned from my own
experiences that true leadership is not about power or authority, but about
service and compassion. As you step into the world as responsible individuals, I
urge you to nurture certain qualities that will make you exemplary leaders and
politicians.
First and foremost, always remember the power of truth and nonviolence.
Embrace honesty and integrity in everything you do. Be fearless in standing up for
what is right, even if it means going against the tide. Violence may seem like a
quick solution, but it only breeds more hatred and suffering. Nonviolence requires
strength and courage, and it can transform even the most difficult situations.
Secondly, never lose touch with your humility. As leaders, it is easy to be
consumed by pride and ego. Stay grounded and always remember that you are
serving the people. Listen to their voices and concerns, and be approachable.
Understand that true leadership is about empowering others and lifting them up.
Thirdly, lead by example. Your actions will speak louder than your words. Be the
change you wish to see in the world. Live a life of simplicity and practice what you
preach. When people see your sincerity and dedication, they will be inspired to
follow you.
Lastly, be inclusive and embrace diversity. Our country is a tapestry of cultures,
religions, and languages. As leaders, it is your responsibility to ensure that every
voice is heard, and every person is respected. Build bridges of understanding and
unity.
My dear students, the path to becoming responsible world leaders may not
always be easy, but with courage, determination, and the right values, you can
leave a lasting impact on society. The world needs leaders who lead with their
hearts and strive to make a positive difference. I have faith in each one of you to
carry the torch of truth, nonviolence, humility, and inclusivity.
Let us work together to create a world that is just, compassionate, and
harmonious. The future is yours to shape. I believe in you.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
Mahatma Gandhi
2. Let us assume it was Rajendra Prasad who informed Charles Freer Andrews of
Gandhi’s decision and the reasons for other leaders’ support of him. Think
creatively of how Andrews would have responded and pen down the discussion
you think would have taken place between Rajendra Prasad and Andrews.
Ans. Rajendra Prasad: Absolutely, Charles. Gandhi's leadership has a magnetic
quality that attracts those who are truly committed to justice and equality. His
approach is not just about protesting the injustices but transforming society
through the power of nonviolent resistance.
Charles Freer Andrews: Yes, his philosophy of nonviolence is not just a tactic; it's a
way of life. It requires immense strength to remain peaceful in the face of
oppression. I believe that Gandhi's way will bring about lasting change, not just in
Champaran but across the country.
Rajendra Prasad: Indeed, it's about empowering the oppressed and uplifting the
community as a whole. Gandhi's vision goes beyond just solving immediate issues;
it aims to change the very fabric of society, where justice and fairness prevail for
everyone, regardless of their status.
Charles Freer Andrews: Gandhi’s influence is already spreading, and with such
leaders joining him, I am confident that this movement will inspire many others to
fight for their rights peacefully. The message is clear: we are all equal, and no one
should live in fear or oppression.
Rajendra Prasad: Absolutely. The support from leaders like you will only
strengthen the resolve of the people of Champaran. Together, we can create a
wave of change that can truly transform India.
Charles Freer Andrews: I’m proud to stand alongside you and the movement. The
journey may be long, but I have no doubt that this collective effort will pave the
way for a better and more just future for the people of India.
Rajendra Prasad: Thank you, Charles. With leaders like you and the unwavering
spirit of the people, we are on the right path. The road to freedom may be tough,
but we shall walk it with courage and determination.

6 POET AND PANCAKES

SHORT ANSWER
1. What kind of effect does Asokamitran’s style of writing have on the
reader?
Ans. Asokamitran’s writing style in Poets and Pancakes indeed captivates the
reader through his vivid imagery and sharp attention to detail. His descriptive
approach not only paints a clear picture of the characters and settings but also
evokes emotions and a sense of nostalgia, which draws readers deeper into the
narrative. By presenting characters with quirks and observing the surroundings
with precision, he creates a world that feels real and alive. This immersive
technique allows the reader to feel more connected to the events unfolding,
fostering empathy for the characters and their experiences. The result is a story
that is both engaging and relatable, pulling the reader into the heart of the
narrative.

2. Discuss the significance of the make-up room in the chapter,

‘Poets and Pancakes’.
Ans. In Poets and Pancakes, the make-up room at Gemini Studios is integral
to the story for several reasons:
 1. Transforming Actors: The make-up room plays a key role in the
process of transforming actors into their on-screen characters. The
use of products like "Pancake" makeup allows the performers to take
on entirely new appearances, making them look drastically different
from their real selves. This transformation is vital for creating
believable and compelling characters in films.
2. Reflection of Studio Culture: The make-up room offers a glimpse
into the bustling and dynamic environment of Gemini Studios. It
serves as a hub where different creative minds—make-up artists,
actors, and technicians—come together to achieve the perfect look
for each character, reflecting the studio's dedication to quality
filmmaking and collaboration.
3. Hierarchy and Roles: The make-up room also highlights the strict
hierarchy present in the studio. The chief make-up artist works on
high-profile actors, while lower-level workers like the office boy
manage the make-up for crowd actors. This division of labor reveals
the organized and structured nature of the film production process,
where every role is important, no matter how minor.
4. Use of Pancake: The reference to "Pancake" as the brand of make-up
used at Gemini Studios emphasizes the studio's reliance on
established products for creating the desired looks. It not only adds
authenticity to the description but also indicates the industry's
dependence on specific materials to meet its artistic demands.
5. National Integration: The diversity of the make-up department, with
individuals from various regions of India, illustrates the concept of
national integration. People from different cultural backgrounds and
regions came together to contribute to the collaborative world of
cinema, showcasing the unifying power of the film industry.
These aspects together highlight the technical, cultural, and social layers of
the filmmaking world, making the make-up room in Gemini Studios a
metaphor for the larger processes of transformation, collaboration, and
integration within the Indian film industry.
 3. In all instances of frustration, you will always find the anger
directed towards a single person openly or covertly…’
Do you think it is right to direct our anger towards someone who is
not responsible for the cause of anger? Justify.
Ans. You're absolutely right. Misdirected anger often results in harm that
wasn't intended, and it can cloud judgment and escalate situations
unnecessarily. Addressing the root cause of frustration allows for more
constructive conversations, where the focus is on solving the issue rather
than making others the target of misplaced emotions. By practicing self-
awareness and pausing to reflect before reacting, individuals can foster
healthier relationships, improve communication, and contribute to more
positive outcomes in difficult situations.

4. The people were left in ‘utter bafflement’ after the English poet’s speech.
Mention two things the speaker could have kept in mind before addressing an
audience to avoid such a reaction. Give your rationale for it.
Ans. You're absolutely correct. To avoid leaving the audience in "utter
bafflement," the poet could have:
1. Clarity of Content: Presenting ideas in a straightforward manner, avoiding
overly complex or abstract language, would have helped the audience
grasp the intended message more easily. Using clear metaphors or
examples could have bridged the gap between the poet's ideas and the
audience's understanding.
2. Audience Awareness: By tailoring the speech to the audience's level of
familiarity with the subject, the poet could have ensured the message
resonated better. Understanding the audience's cultural, intellectual, or
emotional context allows the speaker to adjust their tone, language, and
examples, making the communication more effective.
Ultimately, the goal of any speech or presentation is to connect with the
audience, ensuring that they not only hear but understand and relate to the
message being conveyed.
LONG ANSWER
 1. Imagine Asokamitran witnesses a film shooting and visits a film set
of present-day Bollywood. As Asokamitran writes a diary entry
penning down the transformation you notice between the film-
making of yesteryears and today.
Ans. Dear Diary,
Today, I had the chance to witness a Bollywood film shoot, and it
made me reflect on how much the world of filmmaking has changed
since my time. In the past, filmmaking had a certain charm—
equipment was large and cumbersome, and the sets were confined by
what was practically possible. Actors had to be precise, and each
retake was costly.
But now, it's an entirely different world. The film sets are grand, often
resembling mini-cities, and technology has advanced to a point where
filmmakers can create any setting they desire. The actors, too, have
more freedom, as multiple takes don't come with the same financial
burden. It's incredible to see how digital cinematography allows for
such detail and precision in every frame.
What struck me most was the diversity in storytelling and casting.
Things have evolved so much, and there are many more perspectives
being shared on screen today. Yet, despite all the improvements, I find
myself feeling nostalgic for the simplicity of earlier times. There was
something special about the intimate nature of filmmaking back
then—the personal touch that seems to have been overshadowed by
the industry's commercialization and fast pace.
But I suppose that’s the nature of art—it evolves. Bollywood has
certainly transformed, and while I miss some aspects of the past, I also
appreciate the dynamic growth of the industry.
Yours faithfully,
Asokamitran

2. After reading this story, you are impressed by the author’s use of
gentle humor to point out human foibles. Evaluate whether using
 such humor contributes towards bringing about change in people’s
attitudes and accepting their foibles.

Ans. The author's use of gentle humor in "Poets and Pancakes" is an

effective way to highlight human foibles, making the reader both
entertained and reflective. By employing humor, the author gently pokes
fun at the absurdities of human behavior, creating a non-confrontational
space for readers to consider their own flaws. This type of humor allows the
characters' shortcomings to be recognized without making anyone feel
ridiculed or defensive.

Through these light-hearted observations, readers are encouraged to

reflect on their own behavior and imperfections, perhaps even recognizing
elements of themselves in the characters’ quirks. This reflection fosters
empathy and a greater acceptance of both one's own flaws and those of
others.

Ultimately, gentle humor serves as a mirror to human nature. When readers

see themselves in these humorous depictions, they may be more open to
acknowledging their imperfections with humility and a sense of humor,
leading to a more accepting and compassionate outlook on life.

7 THE INTERVIEW

SHORT ANSWER

1. Why do you think Christopher Silvester describes the viewpoints

of other writers and authors when discussing the concept of an
interview? Support your opinion with reference to any one writer
cited.

Ans. Christopher Silvester uses references to authors like V. S. Naipaul,

Lewis Carroll, and others to highlight the diverse perspectives on interviews.
Some view them as valuable for uncovering truth, while others see them as
intrusive or damaging. This range of opinions adds depth to his discussion,
showing that interviews can both reveal insights and create challenges.

How would you evaluate Mukund Padmanabhan as an interviewer?

Mention at least two qualities he displays in his interview, supported
by textual evidence.

Ans. Mukund Padmanabhan shows two key qualities as an interviewer

in his conversation with Umberto Eco:
1. Thoughtful and Probing Questions: Padmanabhan asks insightful
questions, such as when he explores Eco’s transition from
academia to fiction, showing his ability to delve deeper into the
subject matter.
2. Active Listening and Engagement: He listens attentively and
fosters a meaningful dialogue, giving Eco the space to share
personal anecdotes and thoughts, reflecting his skill in creating a
comfortable, open conversation.

2. Christopher Silvester shares the authors’ reservations about

interviewing. Bearing that in mind, would you interview a writer
of your choice? If so, what would you pay particular attention to
in interviewing the said writer?
Ans. That sounds like an excellent approach! Interviewing a writer
with a focus on their creative process and the deeper meanings
behind their work would provide valuable insights into their artistic
journey. Understanding where they draw inspiration from and how
they translate those influences into their writing can be both
fascinating and enlightening for readers.
You could ask about their personal experiences or moments that
shaped their storytelling, the challenges they face while writing, and
how they tackle different themes and characters. By doing this, you're
not only getting a glimpse into their world as writers but also gaining
 a deeper appreciation for their craft. It could reveal nuances in their
work that might not be immediately apparent on the surface.

LONG ANSWER

1. Imagine that you are Christopher Silvester. You have been invited
to a seminar series titled – ‘Ethics and Techniques of
Interviewing’.

The organizers would like you to speak about the challenges of

conducting interviews, and skills interviewers must have in order to
conduct good and ethical interviews.

Based on your reading of The Interview, Part I and II, draft your
speech. Include relevant details from the text in support of your
answer.

Ans. Ladies and gentlemen, respected organizers, and fellow participants,

Today, I have the honor of speaking about a compelling facet of

communication—interviews. As we all know, interviews have become a
cornerstone of journalism and media. They offer us a rare opportunity to
delve deeply into the thoughts, experiences, and lives of individuals,
granting us access to their unique insights and perspectives.

Yet, as we reflect on "The Interview," it becomes clear that conducting an

interview is not without its challenges. Interviewers must be mindful of
walking the fine line between seeking valuable information and respecting
the privacy of those being interviewed. The reservations expressed by
famous authors, such as Lewis Carroll’s “just horror” or Rudyard Kipling’s
belief that interviews are “immoral,” serve as poignant reminders of the
ethical dilemmas that arise in this practice.
To ensure that interviews are both meaningful and ethical, we must hone
the skills required to ask insightful, respectful questions. Active listening is
vital—genuinely engaging with the subject’s responses and fostering an
atmosphere of mutual respect. The key is to strike a delicate balance
between pursuing the truth and honoring the personal boundaries of the
interviewee. In this way, interviews become a process where ethical
responsibility and journalistic skill work hand in hand.

Thank you.

Mukund Padmanabhan was gifted the ‘Penguin Book of Interviews -

An Anthology from 1859 to the Present Day’ edited by Christopher
Silvester, after interviewing Eco.

He shared his thoughts on his personal blog exploring his own

concerns about interviewing a distinguished writer like Eco, followed
by an evaluation of the interview in light of his reading.

As Mukund Padmanabhan, write the blog post.

Ans.

An Encounter with Eco: Navigating the Art of Interviewing

In the world of interviews, there are rare moments that truly stand out, and my
interview with Umberto Eco was one such opportunity. Eco, a writer renowned for
his intellectual depth and celebrated for his scholarly works and novels, presented
a unique challenge and privilege.

Before the interview, I found myself filled with both excitement and nervousness. I
couldn’t help but share my doubts on my personal blog—how could I possibly do
justice to Eco's immense intellect and creativity? Would I be able to ask the right
questions, those that would delve into his philosophical thoughts and explore his
journey from academia to fiction?

Drawing inspiration from Christopher Silvester’s The Interview, I reminded myself

that the key to a meaningful interview lies in asking thoughtful, engaging questions
and embracing the art of active listening. It’s about creating a space where a
genuine, organic conversation can unfold, allowing the subject to express their
ideas freely.

Looking back on our conversation, I feel proud of the experience. I was able to
provide Eco with an opportunity to discuss his ideas, interests, and stories in a way
that felt natural and enriching. I sincerely hope my interview contributes
something valuable to the collection of interviews in The Penguin Book of
Interviews.

Though the journey of an interviewer is often uncertain, it’s the pursuit of

knowledge and understanding that drives us forward. Through interviewing Eco, I
gained not only insights into his world but also a deeper appreciation for the
transformative power of dialogue and the captivating nature of storytelling.

2. Part I of ‘The Interview’ is an excerpt from the Penguin Book of

Interviews. Do you think that the extract fails to present a
balanced perspective about interviews?

Substantiate your answer with relevant textual details.

If this were the entire introduction, what would your expectation from
the book be?

Ans. Part I of The Interview from The Penguin Book of Interviews does
indeed present a somewhat one-sided perspective on the practice of
interviews. While it acknowledges the challenges and skepticism expressed
by various authors, it doesn't offer a balanced view that also explores the
positive contributions of interviews. The inclusion of writers such as V.S.
Naipaul, Rudyard Kipling, and Saul Bellow, each of whom has reservations
or negative opinions about interviews, creates a tone that leans heavily on
the difficulties and potential drawbacks of this journalistic form.

This focus on the negative side of interviews might lead readers to expect a
critical exploration of the practice, with an emphasis on its ethical
dilemmas, its potential to invade privacy, and the uncomfortable dynamics
that can arise between interviewer and subject. While such an approach is
valuable for understanding the complexities and challenges associated with
interviews, it leaves out a significant portion of the broader narrative—how
interviews also serve as powerful tools for storytelling, provide rich insights
into the minds of influential individuals, and offer a platform for
communication and understanding.

A more balanced introduction would include not only the ethical concerns
and challenges expressed by these authors but also explore the positive
aspects—such as how interviews can serve as a means of personal
expression, offer deeper insights into the human experience, and act as a
bridge between individuals and larger audiences. Interviews are often a
space where the interviewee can reflect, share, and connect with a wider
public, making them a critical part of both journalism and the cultural
landscape.

Without this balance, the reader might walk away with a skewed perception
of interviews, viewing them more as a necessary evil or an intrusion rather
than a valuable tool in storytelling and journalism. This emphasis on
skepticism is understandable in some respects, but it would benefit from
recognizing the broader role of interviews in the exchange of ideas and
narratives.

8 GOING PLACES
SHORT ANSWER

1. The story is written in a manner that makes it difficult to point out

clearly if Sophie met Danny Casey or not. Suggest possible reasons for
such writing.

Ans. The story is written in a way that makes it difficult to determine

whether or not Sophie met Danny Casey because the author wants to
create a sense of ambiguity and suspense. The reader is left to wonder
whether Sophie is telling the truth or whether she is simply fantasizing. This
ambiguity allows the reader to interpret the story in different ways and to
reflect on their own dreams and aspirations.

2.“Sophie felt a tightening in her throat. She went to look for her
brother Geoff.” In the light of this quote, discuss the relationship
Sophie shared with Geoff.

Ans. The quote illustrates Sophie's emotional vulnerability and her reliance
on her brother Geoff for support or comfort. It hints at a close bond
between them, where Sophie seeks solace or understanding from Geoff
when feeling upset or troubled. Their relationship appears significant,
implying a sense of trust and reliance on Geoff during moments of
emotional distress for Sophie.

3.Sophie is caught between the world she lives in and the world she
wants to live in. Elucidate.

Ans. Sophie's aspirations for a better life contrast starkly with her current
circumstances. She grapples with the disparity between her dreams of a
sophisticated, glamorous world – depicted through her desire for a
boutique or a connection with Danny Casey – and the harsh reality of her
family's financial struggles and limited opportunities.
4.Evaluate the two different perspectives on life that Jansie and Sophie
represent.

Ans. Jansie embodies a pragmatic view, accepting the practical limitations

and societal norms, urging Sophie to be sensible and realistic. In contrast,
Sophie symbolizes idealism, yearning for a more glamorous and ambitious
life, aspiring for opportunities beyond their current circumstances.

5.According to you, should Sophie have continued to dream, or should

she have stuck to the path that had already been chosen for her?

Justify your choice in detail.

Ans. Sophie's dreams reflect her aspirations and desire for a better life
beyond her current circumstances. While practicality is essential, nurturing
dreams can provide motivation, hope, and drive for personal growth.
Hence, balancing dreams with practical steps could have offered a more
fulfilling path for Sophie.

LONG ANSWER

1.Imagine Sophie’s father finds out about Sophie’s going to the canal
to meet Danny Casey which leads him to think that she has lied to
everyone about the whole affair. He is infuriated and prohibits Sophie
from going anywhere except to school.

As Geoff, write a diary entry disapproving of your father’s punishment

by citing your reasons for being sympathetic to Sophie.

You may begin this way:

Monday, 2 September 1940 9 PM

I cannot get myself to stand with Father in his tirade against Sophie.
Sure, she is not the most…

Ans.

Monday, 2 September 1940 9 PM

I cannot get myself to stand with Father in his tirade against Sophie. Sure,
she is not the most conventional of us, but to forbid her from going
anywhere except to school seems utterly unfair. Sophie might dream big,
perhaps bigger than life itself, but that doesn’t make her deceitful. She’s
just a girl with aspirations way beyond the biscuit factory or our small,
cramped home. Father fails to understand the fire in her, the spark that
pushes her to strive for something more. Punishing her this way, cutting off
her wings, it’s just cruel.

I've seen Sophie's eyes light up when she talks about meeting Danny Casey
or opening that boutique. It's her escape from the mundane, from our
limited world. Father doesn't grasp how important these dreams are to her.
He's fixated on our struggles and can’t see beyond that. But Sophie
deserves more than this narrow restriction. She needs support, not
suffocation, to thrive. I wish Father could see that. I’ll stand by Sophie, for
she deserves to dream, even if it’s the 'impossible'.

2.Imagine Sophie meets Danny Casey after several years.

Write a dialogue exchange between them where Sophie explains what

that meeting means to her.
Ans. Sophie: "Danny, it's been years since that day at the arcade. Meeting
you meant the world to me. It was this glimmer of hope, this escape from
the ordinary. You were my hero."

Danny: "I remember that day. You seemed so excited to meet me."

Sophie: "It wasn't just about meeting a football star. It was about the
dreams I held onto. You symbolized everything I hoped for, a glimpse into
a world beyond our struggles."

Danny: "I never knew."

Sophie: "It's not your fault. But that meeting, that chance to talk with
someone I idolized, it felt like a spark, a possibility of a different life. I held
onto that moment, hoping it would change things for me."

Danny: "I'm glad it meant so much. You've got to hold onto those dreams."

Sophie: "I do. They keep me going."