Lower limb
Lower Limb: Regions
Gluteal region
Front of thigh
Back of thigh
Popliteal fossa
Front of leg
Back of leg
Foot
https://images.app.goo.gl/yLg1 MD5WzpyLp8du6
Palpablesurface landmarksof Hip bone
Grants atlas of anatomy 13th ed
Palpable landmarks of femur
• Greater trochanter palpated immediately in front of surface depression on the side of hip
• Head of femur: placing the finger just below inguinal groove at the midinguinal point
• Condyles of tibia and femur: differentiated by movement of tibia when knee is flexed and extended
• Patella is mobile when knee is extended
Grants atlas of anatomy 13th ed
Bonylandmarksof TibiaandFibula
Grants atlas of anatomy 13th ed
Front Aspect of thigh
Front of thigh (left): Superficial structures
Proximal
M L
Distal
Lateral cutaneous n. of thigh
Medial cutaneous n. of thigh
Great Saphenous vein
Intermediate cutaneous n. of thigh
Front of thigh (left): Great Saphenous vein
Proximal
Medial L
Distal
Great Saphenous vein
Femoral triangle (left): Boundaries
Proximal
Medial L
Distal
Inguinal ligament
(Base)
Medial border of
Sartorius
(Lateral)
Medial border of
Adductor Longus
(Medial)
Femoral triangle (left): Boundaries
Inguinal ligament
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Sartorius
Adductor longus
P
M L
D
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Femoral triangle (left): Contents
Proximal
Medial L
Distal
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Vein
Femoral Artery
Femoral triangle (left): Floor
Proximal
Medial L
Distal
Ilio-psoas
Pectineus
Adductor Longus
Front of thigh (left): Quadriceps femoris
Proximal
Proximal
Medial L
Medial L
Distal
Distal
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Anterior view Anteromedial view
Right anterior thigh muscles
Inguinal ligament
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Iliotibial tract
Vastus lateralis
S
Vastus medialis
L M
I
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Anterior thigh : Proximal part (left)
Adductor longus
Sartorius
Nerve to vastus
medialis
Femoral artery
Adductor canal
Saphenous nerve
P
Vastus medialis
M L
D
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Right anterior thigh- Distal part
Sartorius
Rectus
femoris
Iliotibial
tract
Quadriceps
tendon
Vastus medialis
P Patella
L M
D
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Medial Aspect of thigh
Medial Side of thigh (Left)
Proximal
Medial L
Distal
Pectineus
Obturator nerve
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Gracilis
Gracilis
Medial Side of thigh (left)
Proximal
Medial L
Adductor Longus
(Cut ends) Distal
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Adductor canal (left): Extent
Proximal Proximal
PM AL Medial L
Distal
Distal
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Femoral vessels Adductor Magnus
Adductor Canal Adductor Hiatus
Sartorius
Popliteal vessels
Popliteal vessels
Vastus medialis
Posteromedial view
Adductor canal (left)
Proximal
PM AL
Distal
Femoral Vessels
Adductor Canal
Antero-medial View
Adductor canal (left) – Contents
S
PM AL
Femoral vein
Femoral artery
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
Sartorius (Retracted)
Gluteal Region
Gluteal Region
Proximal
L R
Distal
Gluteal Region
Proxima
Ll R
Distal
Gluteus maximus
Gluteal region
Iliac crest
Proximal
Proximal
L Medial
L Medial
Distal
Distal
Gluteus
medius
Gluteus
maximus
Gluteal region (left)
Proximal
L Medial
Distal
Gluteus Medius
Superior gluteal vessels
Piriformis muscle
Inferior gluteal vessels
Gluteus Maximus (reflected)
Sciatic Nerve
Gluteal region (left)
Proximal
L Medial
Distal
Superior gluteal vessels
Gluteus Medius (reflected)
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus Maximus (reflected)
Sciatic nerve
Gluteal region (left)
Proximal
L Medial
Distal
Gluteus minimus
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus Obturator internus
Sciatic nerve
Gluteal region (left)
Sciatic nerve
Nerve to short head of biceps femoris
P Short head of biceps femoris
L M Long head of biceps femois
D
Back of Thigh and Popliteal Fossa
Back of Thigh (left)
Proximal
L Medial
Distal
Biceps femoris
Semi membranosus
Semitendinosus
Back of Thigh (left)
Upper part of adductor magnus
Semimembranosus
Long head of biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Sciatic nerve
P
Short head of biceps femoris
L M
D
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Back of Thigh (left)
Proximal
L Medial
Sciatic nerve
Distal
Posterior Cutaneous n of thigh
Biceps femoris
Common Peroneal nerve Tibial nerve
Popliteal Fossa (left): Boundaries Proximal
L Medial
Distal
Semi membranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris (Supero Medial)
(Supero lateral)
Lateral head of
gastrocnemius
(Inferolateral) Medial head of
gastrocnemius
(Inferomedial)
Right Popliteal
Fossa : Semimembranosus
Boundaries Biceps femoris
Tibial nerve
Semitendinosus
Common peroneal/ fibular nerve
Short saphenous vein
Sural nerve
Lateral head of
gastrocnemius
P Medial head of
gastrocnemius
M L
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Popliteal Fossa (left) : Contents
Proximal
Proximal
Lateral M
Lateral M
Distal
Distal
Tibial nerve
Popliteal Vessels
Common peroneal nerve
Popliteal Vein
Popliteal Artery
Right Popliteal Fossa
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
Plantaris
Common peroneal/ fibular
nerve
Lateral head of
gastrocnemius
Medial head of Sural nerve
gastrocnemius P
M L
D
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Right Popliteal Fossa : Deep dissection
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Tibial nerve
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Common peroneal/ fibular
nerve
Plantaris
Soleus
P
Medial head of
gastrocnemius
Lateral head of
M L
gastrocnemius
D
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Right Popliteal Fossa : Deep dissection
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein Common peroneal/ fibular
Superior medial nerve
genicular artery Superior lateral
Middle genicular genicular artery
artery
Popliteal artery
Popliteal artery Plantaris
Inferior lateral
Inferior medial
genicular artery
genicular artery
Popliteus
P
Soleus
M L
Medial head of
gastrocnemius Lateral head of
gastrocnemius D
(Source: Mcminn & Abrahams’ Clinical atlas of Human anatomy, 7th edition)
Popliteal Fossa (left) : Contents
Proximal
Proximal
Lateral M
Lateral M
Distal
Distal
Tibial nerve
Popliteal Vessels
Common peroneal nerve
Popliteal Vein
Popliteal Artery
Leg and Foot
Leg and Foot (left): Anterior view – superficial structures
Proximal
Great Saphenous Vein M Lateral
Distal
Saphenous Nerve
Medial Malleolus
Antero-medial View
Leg and Foot (left): Lateral view – superficial structures
Proximal
A Posterior
Distal
small Saphenous Vein
Sural nerve
Leg and Foot : Anterior compartment muscles
Proximal Proximal
M Lateral P Anterior
Distal Distal
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Tertius
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Leg and Foot (left) : Extensor Retinaculum
Proximal
A Postr
Distal
Superior Extensor retinaculum
Inferior Extensor retinaculum
Leg and Foot (left) : Structures under Extensor Retinaculum
Proximal
M Lateral
Distal
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Peroneus tertius
Anterior Tibial artery
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Deep Peroneal nerve
Sole
Sole (left)
Distal
M Lateral
Proximal
Sole (left)
Distal
M Lateral
Proximal
2 3
4
1
5
Plantar Aponeurosis
5 slips
McMinn's and Abrahams' Clinical Atlas of Human
Prosected specimen, dept. of anatomy, AIIMS New Delhi Anatomy, 4th Edition
Sole (left): First Layer of
muscles
Distal
M Lateral
Proximal
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digiti minimi
Layer- 1
Sole (left) : Second Layer of muscles
Lumbricals
Distal
M Lateral
Proximal
Lumbricals
Flexor Hallucis Longus (tendon)
Flexor Digitorum Longus (tendon)
Flexor Accessorius
Prosected specimen, dept. of anatomy, AIIMS New Delhi
Layer- 2
Sole (left): Third Layer of muscles
Distal
M Lateral
Proximal
Transverse Head
Adductor Hallucis
Oblique Head
Flexor Hallucis brevis
Flexor Digitorum minimi brevis
Layer- 3
