THE END OF BIPOLARITY

Q1.How did the USSR come into being?

Q2.What was the Soviet economic system? OR Mention any three features that
distinguish the Soviet economy from that of a capitalist country like the US.
Q3.What do understand by the term ‘Second World’ or ‘socialist bloc’?
Q4.”The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for
the US” Justify. OR Mention the positive features of the soviet system.
Q5. What factors forced Gorbachev to initiate reforms in USSR? OR Why did the
Soviet system face a set back? OR Give the negative features of the soviet system.
Q6.Why did the communist regime collapse one after the other? OR What was the
effect of Gorbachev’s decision to reform the Soviet Union?
Q7.Write a short note on Boris Yeltsin emerging as a national hero.
Q8.Why did the Soviet Union disintegrate?
Q9. What was the ‘tug of war’?
Q10.What steps did Gorbachev take to initiate reforms?
Q11.What were the consequences of the disintegration of the Soviet Union for countries
like India?
Q12.What do you mean by Shock Therapy?
Q13. Was shock therapy the best way to make a transition from communism to
capitalism? OR What was the process of the shock therapy?
Q14.What were the economic consequences of the shock therapy? OR What do you
understand by the ‘garage sale’?
Q15.Examine the political consequences of the shock therapy. OR Why weren’t
democratic institutions established in the Middle East countries after the collapse of the
USSR?
Q16.What finally led to the rise of economies of the soviet republics after the shock
therapy?
Q17.Mention major tensions and conflicts that took place in former soviet republics &
with what results. OR Write a note on the process of democratic politics &
democratization in the former soviet republics.
Q18.How has Central Asia become a zone of competition b/w outside powers?
Q19.Examine India’s relationship with the former Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Q20.What was the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States)?
Q21.”The 21st century witnessed emergence of new developments for democracies &
democratization in West Asian countries (or Middle East countries-same thing)’’.
Explain with an example. OR What was the Arab Spring?
Q22.Who was Hosni Mubarak? How did his rule end?
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 NEW CENTRES OF POWER
Q1.How did the European countries resolve their post-Second World War problem?
Briefly outline the steps that led to the formation of the EU.(What was the Marshall
Plan?)
Q2.”The EU is more a nation state than an economic union”. OR “The EU has evolved
over time from an economic union to a political one.” Give 2 reasons.
Q3.Discuss the economic influence of the EU.
Q4.What is the Schengen Visa?
Q5.Examine the political and diplomatic influence of the EU.
Q6.Examine the military influence of the EU.
Q7.Despite becoming a supranational organization, the EU faces restrictions in matters
of foreign relations & defense.
Q8.What makes the EU a highly influential organization?
Q9.When was the ASEAN established and by whom? What are the objectives of
establishing regional organizations? What is the ASEAN Way? OR What are the
objectives of establishing regional organisations?
Q10. When was the ASEAN Community established? What are the 3 pillars?
Q11.What are the components of ASEAN Vision 2020?
Q12.In what ways is the present Chinese economy different from the Command
economy? OR How did China end its political & economic isolation? (Explain any 2
major policy decisions made by the Chinese government to open & develop its economy
—give points 4 & 5)
Q13.”In spite of drastic economic development in China, some economic challenges still
exist there”. Elucidate. OR “While the Chinese economy has improved dramatically,
not everyone in China has received the benefits of the reforms.” Explain why.
Q14.List out the contributory factors which gave recognition to Chinese economy at
global level.
Q15. Write a short note on the role & limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating
economic cooperation among the south Asian countries.
Q16.What do you understand by BRICS? What are its objectives?
Q17.’The 21st century India is being seen as an important emerging global power.’
Q18.The emerging economies of China & India have great potential to challenge the
unipolar world. Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate your arguments.
Q19.Discuss Russia’s efforts to position itself as an important power in the creation of a
multipolar world order.
Q20.Discuss Israel’s position today in the global politics of the 21st century.
Q21. “Japan can effectively function as an alternative center of power.” Justify this
statement.
Q22. Write a short note on the “miracle on the Han river”. OR “South Korea can
effectively function as an alternative center of power.” Justify this statement.
Q23.The peace & prosperity of countries lay in the establishment & strengthening of
regional economic organizations. Justify this statement.
Q24. How does the geographical proximity influence the formation of regional
organisations?
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SOUTH ASIA & THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Q1.What is South Asia? OR “South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet
constitutes one geo-political space.” Explain how.
Q2.’The various countries in South Asia do not have the same kind of political systems’
Explain. OR “Democracy is becoming an accepted norm in South Asia.” Justify.
Q3.” Military rule and democracy are 2 sides of the same coin in Pakistan” Discuss. OR
Military and democracy play hide and seek in Pakistan. Explain. OR Discuss the
important events in Pakistan from 1947-2018.
Q4.Describe the factors responsible for Pakistan’s failure in building a stable
democracy.
Q5.What were the demands of East Pakistan (Bangladesh) for setting up democracy?
Q6.Discuss the Bangladesh war.
Q7.Describe the shift from democracy to military to representative democracy in
Bangladesh.
Q8.How was democracy restored in Nepal over monarchy? OR Examine the role of pro-
democratic movement in Nepal.
Q9.List the 3 challenges to democracy in Nepal.
Q10.Name the principal players in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. How do you assess
the prospects of the resolution of this conflict? What led to the emergence of LTTE?
Q11.What has been India’s stand towards the Sri Lanka Tamil problem?
Q12.Mention any 4 significant points of Sri Lanka which make it different from the
other countries in South Asia.
Q13.Explain the conflicts b/w India and Pakistan.
Q14.Discuss the problem of sharing river water b/w Pakistan and India.
Q15.Mention areas of differences b/w India and Bangladesh.
Q16.Mention areas of cooperation b/w India and Bangladesh.
Q17.Discuss points of agreements b/w India and Nepal.
Q18.Discuss the areas of differences b/w India and Nepal.
Q19.Discuss the differences and areas of cooperation b/w India and Sri Lanka.
Q20.Mention few points of cooperation b/w India and Bhutan.
Q21.Describe India’s relations with Maldives.
Q22.Write a short note on the role & limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating
economic cooperation among the south Asian countries.
Q23.Mention some of the agreements b/w India & Pakistan. Can we be sure that the
two countries are well on their way to a friendly relation?
Q24.India’s neighbors often think that the Indian government tries to dominate and
interfere in the domestic affairs of the smaller countries of the region. Is this a correct
impression?
Q25.How are the external powers influencing bilateral relations in South Asia?
Q26.What are some of the commonalities & differences b/w Bangladesh & Pakistan in
their democratic experiences?
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 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Q1.When and why was the UN formed? What are its objectives?
Q2.What are the principal organs of the UN?
Q3.Give the composition and functions of the Security Council.
Q4.Who is the UN’s most visible public figure?
Q5.List out the agencies that deal with social and economic issues.
Q6.Write a short notes on UNICEF, UNESCO, ILO & WHO.
Q7.Why and what are the reforms required in the UN?
Q8.What changes have taken place since the founding of the UN which have made it
necessary to introduce reforms?
Q9.Discuss the resolutions adopted by General Assembly over the reforms of the UN.
Q10.What criteria have been proposed for new permanent and non-permanent
members of the Security Council?
Q11.Critically evaluate the difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms
to reconstruct the UN.
Q12.”Many perceived the veto to be in conflict with the concept of democracy and
sovereign equality in the UN and thought that veto was no longer right or relevant” OR
“A related issue was to change the nature of membership altogether” Explain with an
example.
Q13.What steps should be taken to make the UN more relevant in the changing context?
Q14.On what grounds has India supported the restructuring of the UN?
Q15.As a citizen of India, how would you support India’s candidature for the
permanent membership of the Security Council? Justify your proposal.
Q16.Why do some countries question India’s inclusion as permanent member of the
Security Council?
Q17.Can the UN serve as a balance against US dominance? Can it help maintain a
dialogue b/w the rest of the world and the US and prevent America from doing
whatever it wants?
Q18.”Even though the UN cannot serve as a balance against the US ,nevertheless, the
UN can bring the US and the rest of the world into discussions over issues’ Explain.
Q19.Though the UN has failed in preventing wars and related miseries, nations prefer
its continuation. What makes the UN an indispensable organization?
Q20.’Reforming the UN means restructuring of the Security Council’. Do you agree
with this statement? Give arguments for or against this position.
Q21.Name some international organizations & their purpose. (THE ONES IN THE
GREEN BOXES)
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 SECURITY IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Q1.What is security? What does it relate to?
Q2.How can the notion/idea of security be divided?
Q3.Examine the various components of External security according to Traditional
Notion perspective.
Q4.In the Traditional view of security, why do most threats come from outside the
borders?
Q5.What were the External threats faced by super power countries after the 2nd W.W.?
Q6.In what way were security threat problems faced by newly independent countries
similar to that of European countries?
Q7.How were the security challenges faced by Asia and Africa (Third world countries)
different from the challenges faced in Europe (First world countries)?
Q8.Describe the importance of cooperation in the concept of Traditional Security. OR
What are the justified reasons for war according to the notion of Traditional security?
Q9.What do you understand by arms control. Mention treaties that have been signed on
arms control.
Q10.Explain the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty( NPT-1968). OR Nuclear weapons as
deterrence or defense have limited usage against contemporary security threats to
states. Explain the statement.
Q11.Examine the concept of confidence building measures as a means of avoiding war.
Q12.Explain Non-traditional notion of security.
Q13.Analyse the concept of Human Security.
Q14.When & why did the idea of global security emerge? OR Rapid environment
degradation is causing a serious threat to global security. Do you agree with the
statement|? Substantiate your arguments.
Q15. What is terrorism? Is terrorism a Traditional or Non-Traditional threat?
Q16.What are human rights? List out the types of human rights. Give some examples of
human rights violation.
Q17.What is global poverty? List out its complex nature in the global arena.
Q18.Explain migration and causes of migration. What is the difference b/w refugees
and displaced persons & migrants?
Q19.Explain health epidemics as a threat to world security.
Q20.Examine areas of Cooperative Security.
Q21.What are the basic components of India’s security strategy? OR Looking at the
Indian scenario, what type of security has been given priority in India, Traditional or
Non-Traditional? Give eg.
Q22.What is the difference b/w Traditional and Non-Traditional security? Which
category would the creation of and sustenance of alliances belong to?
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 ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Q1.Exmaine the environmental concerns that have become issues of global/World
Politics.
Q2.Give two examples of organizations that started working towards effective response
to environmental problems.
Q3. Write a short note on the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit. What were its outcomes?
Q4.What was the difference in the views of the global North and global South over
environment issues?
Q5.Define Global Commons. How are they exploited and polluted? Give examples of
treaties / agreements.
Q6.Explain common but differentiated responsibilities. How can we implement this
idea? OR Compromise & accommodation are the two essential policies required by
states to save planet Earth. Substantiate the statement in the light of the ongoing
negotiations b/w the North & South on environment issues.
Q7.Why have issues related to global environmental protection become the priority
concern of states since 1990s?
Q8.What was the Kyoto Protocol?
Q9.Examine the concept of Common Property.
Q10.Discuss India’s stand on environmental issues.
Q11.What is UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)?
What is India’s stand against it?
Q12.Give the meaning & importance of Environmental Movements. Examine its
various categories.
Q13.What are resource geopolitics? How did the industrialised countries make sure of a
steady supply of resources?
Q14.’Resources are relevant to global economy’. Explain with two examples.
Q15.Write a note on the UN definition and rights of indigenous people.
Q16.Who are referred to as indigenous people in India?
Q17.The most serious challenge before the states is pursuing economic development
without causing further damage to the global environment. How could we achieve this?
Explain with examples. OR Highlight some steps that have been taken for the
conservation of natural resources.
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GLOBALISATION
Q1.Define globalization. How is it a multi-dimensional concept?
Q2.What are the positive impacts of globalization?
Q3.What are the negative impacts of globalization?
Q4.What is worldwide interconnectedness? What are its components?
Q5.What are the factors that have contributed to the process of globalization?
Q6.Discuss the political consequences of globalization. OR Critically evaluate the
impact of the changing role of state in the developing countries in the light of
globalization.
Q7.Discuss the economic consequences of globalization.
Q8.What is the criticism against economic globalization? OR ‘Some economists have
described economic globalization as the re-colonisation of the world’ Explain
Q9.Discuss the negative impacts of the cultural implications of globalisation.
Q10.List the positive impact of the cultural consequences of globalization. OR Do you
agree with the argument that globalization leads to cultural heterogeneity?
Q11.How has globalization impacted India & how has India in turn impacted
globalization?
Q12.What are the arguments given on the adverse effects of globalization.
Q13.What has been India’s experience in resisting globalization?
Q14.What is the World Social Forum?
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CHALLENGES OF NATION BUILDING

Q1.Examine the 3 challenges that independent India faced for nation building.
Q2.What was the two nation theory? What was the immediate outcome?
Q3.Discuss the principles and difficulties involved in the process of partition?
Q4.What was the issue regarding Punjab & Bengal? Why was East Pakistan formed?
Q5.Discuss the consequences of the partition. OR “Independence for India was not a
path of roses” Discuss. OR “Partition of India implies a division of hearts,
administrative concern and financial strain: Explain.
Q6.What were the inherent political interests behind the conflict b/w Hindus and
Muslims at the time of independence?
Q7.What do you understand by British paramountcy?
Q8.Discuss the problems involved in the integration of the Princely States.
Q9.What was Sardar Patel’s role in the integration of states?
Q10.What was the government’s approach to the integration of the Princely States?
What do you understand by the Instrument of Accession?
Q11.Write a short note on the people’s movement of Hyderabad. What was the
Standstill Agreement?
Q12.How was Manipur merged with the Indian Union?
Q13.After Independence, why did our leaders change their minds about carving out
states on the basis of language?
Q14.What was the Vishalandhra Movement? How was the state of Andhra Pradesh
finally formed?
Q15.What was the task of the State Reorganisation Commission? What was its most
salient recommendation?
Q16.What are the reasons being used by Nehru for keeping India secular? Do you think
these reasons were only ethical and sentimental? Or were there some prudential reasons
as well?
Q17.Bring two major differences b/w the challenge of nation building for eastern &
western regions of the country at the time of Independence.
Q18.It is said that a nation is to a large extent is an imagined community held together
by common beliefs, history, political aspirations and imagination. Identify the features
that make India a nation.
Q19.How was the challenge of refugee resettlement faced by India?
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 ERA OF ONE PARTY DOMINANCE
Q1.Many countries that gained freedom from colonialism experienced non-democratic
rule. Why? In what respect was India different?
Q2.In what context was India’s experiment with UAF very bold and risky? OR An
Indian editor called the UAF as the biggest “gamble in history”. Explain. OR “The 1st
general election was also the 1st biggest test of democracy in a poor and illiterate
country” Explain
Q3.Why was it not an easy task to hold a free and fair election in a country of India’s
size? OR “Preparing for the 1st general election was a mammoth exercise”. Explain. OR
‘The first general elections were postponed twice.’ Give reasons. OR Highlight the
problems faced by the Election Commission of India for holding the first General
Election in 1952.
Q4.In what way was India’s general election of 1952 a landmark in the history of
democracy all over the world?
Q5.Examine the Congress dominance in the first 3 general elections.
Q6.’The extent of the victory of the Congress was artificially boosted by our electoral
system’. Explain.
Q7.What factors contributed to the dominance of the Congress party?
Q8.Examine the social base of the Congress. (social coalition)
Q9.In what sense was the Congress an ideological coalition? Mention the various
ideological currents present within it.
Q10.Did the prevalence of a one party dominant system adversely affect the democratic
nature of Indian politics? OR How did the coalition like character affect the nature of
the Congress?
Q11.Differentiate b/w one party dominance, Bi-party system & Multi party coalition
system.
Q12.Write a note on the emergence of opposition parties.
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POLITICS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT

Q1.What are the various interests involved in the case of Orissa’s reserved iron
resources? What are the key points of conflict?
Q2. What were the major differences in the approach towards development at the time
of Independence? Has the debate been resolved?
Q3.What was the Bombay Plan?
Q4.When was the Planning Commission set up? Explain FYP.
Q5.What was plan holiday?
Q6.What was the major thrust of the First Five Year plan? In which ways did the
Second Plan differ from the first one?
Q7.Discuss the features of the 2nd FYP. Give its drawbacks also.
Q8.Why was the Planning Commission abolished by P.M. Narendra Modi? What
changes were made in this field?
Q9.Write a short note on NDC.

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 INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY
Q1.Define foreign policy. OR “ Both, domestic & international environment influence
the foreign policy of a nation.” Explain.
Q2.How did the aim of India to respect sovereignty find an echo in the Directive
Principles of State Policy? OR What shall the state endeavor to do according to the
Directive Principles of State Policy for promotion of international peace and security, as
mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
Q3.What factors influenced the foreign policy of India?
Q4.Describe Nehru’s role in formulating & implementing the foreign policy of India.
List the 3 basic objectives of the policy.
Q5.Describe India’s response to the ongoing Cold War as one of the leaders of Non-
Aligned Movement.
Q6.Discuss India’s role in Afro-Asian unity during the Nehru era.
Q7.’Unlike its relationship with Pakistan, free India began its relationship with China
on a very friendly note’ Discuss.
Q8.What were the 2 basic reasons behind the strained relationship b/w China and
India?
Q9.Discuss the Chinese invasion of 1962.
Q10.What was the impact of the Chinese invasion of 1962 on Indian politics? OR ‘The
China war dented India’s image at home & abroad’. Explain.
Q11.Write a short note on India’s nuclear policy. OR Justify India’s nuclear policy by
giving any two suitable arguments.
Q12.Give a brief account of India-Israel relations after Independence.
Q13.Why did Nehru regard conduct of foreign relations as an essential indicator of
independence? State any 2 reasons with examples to support your reading.
Q14.”The conduct of foreign affairs is an outcome of a two-way interaction b/w
domestic compulsions and prevailing international climate”. Take one eg from India’s
external relations in the 1960s to substantiate your answer.
Q15.Identify any two aspects of India’s foreign policy that you would like to retain &
two that you would like to change, if you were to become a decision maker. Give reason
to support your answer.
Q16.India’s foreign policy was built around the principles of peace and cooperation.
But India fought 3 wars in a space of 10 yrs b/w 1962 and 1972. Would you say that this
was a failure of the foreign policy or was it the result of international situation? Give
reasons to support your answer.
Q17. How does political leadership of a country affect it foreign policy? Explain this
with the help of eg from India’s foreign policy.
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 CHALLENGES TO AND RESTORATION OF THE
CONGRESS SYSTEM(PARTIES & PARTY SYSTEM)
Q1.Why were the 1960s labeled the dangerous decade?
Q2.What were the 2 challenges from 1964-66- that is during Lal Bahadur Shastri’s brief
Prime Ministership?
Q3.When and why did the Congress face the challenge of political succession a 2nd time?
Q4.Why did the senior Congress leaders support Indira Gandhi as a PM?
Q5. What was the economic condition of the country before the fourth general
elections? How did the situation worsen?
Q6.What is non-Congressism? Discuss it in the light of the Indian political scene of
1967. OR Highlight the importance of the strategy of ‘Non-Congressism’ forwarded by
Ram Manohar Lohia in 1967 general election.
Q7.What was the electoral verdict of the 4th general elections? What does the word
‘Political Earthquake’ signify in Indian politics?
Q8.With which objectives did DMK make its entry into Indian politics?
Q9.Give the status of SVD in the new era of coalition of 1967.
Q10.What is defection? Explain with reference to Aya Ram Gaya Ram.
Q11.What does the term syndicate mean in the context of the Congress party of the 60s?
What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress party?
Q12.What were the factors that led to the popularity of Indira Gandhi ‘s government in
the early 1970s?
Q13.Discuss the causes that led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 1969.
Q14.Analyse two obstacles that came in the way of abolition of privy purses in 1970.
Q15.How was the Congress (R) different from Congress (O)? OR What did the new
Congress have that the old congress did not?
Q16.What was the outcome of the fifth general elections to Lok Sabha in February
1971?
Q17.Discuss the nature of the New Congress (R). OR In what ways did Indira Gandhi
reinvent her party Congress (R)?
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THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRATIC ORDER(DEMOCRATIC
RESURGENCE)
Q1.Give 3 reasons for the declaration of emergency on June 25th, 1975.
Q2.Write a short note on the Gujrat movement of Jan 1974.
Q3.Write a short note on the Bihar movement.
Q4.Discuss the railway strike of 1974.
Q5.What was the conflict among the Judiciary & Parliament before the emergency?
Q6.What was the controversy regarding the appointment of chief justice A.N.Ray?
Q7.On whose petition was Indira Gandhi’s election declared invalid & on what
grounds?
Q8.Assess the role of JPN in Indian Politics.
Q9. What happens once an emergency is proclaimed?
Q10.Discuss the effects of Emergency on the following aspects of our polity: effects on
civil liberties for citizens, impact on relationship b/w Executive and Judiciary,
functioning of mass media, working of police and bureaucracy.
Q11.Discuss the 3 lessons we have learnt from the emergency.
Q12.The sixth general elections to the Lok Sabha in 1977 for the 1st time saw the
opposition coming into power at the Centre. What would you consider as the reasons
for this development?
Q13.Why did the Congress lose in the northern part of India and win in the southern?
Q14.What were the reasons for the mid-term elections in 1980? OR Describe Indira
Gandhi’s historic return to power in the Lok Sabha elections of 1980.
Q15.Write a note on politics after emergency-1977-80.
Q16.In what way did the imposition of Emergency affect the party system in India?
Elaborate your answer with examples.
Q17.Write a note on Ram Manohar Lohia & his idea of Democratic Socialism.
Q18.What do you know about the philosophy of ‘Integral Humanism’ presented by
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya?
Q19.What were Pt. Deendayal’s views regarding capitalism & socialism?
Q20.What do you know about the First Democratic Upsurge?
Q21. What do you know about the Second Democratic Upsurge?
Q22. What do you know about the Third Democratic Upsurge?
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REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS
Q1.Write about India’s approach to the question of diversity. (What is the basic
principle of the Indian approach to diversity) OR Regional demands from different
parts of India exemplify the principle of unity with diversity. Do you agree?
Q2.What do regional movements involve?
Q3.List the areas of tensions immediately after Independence.
Q4.Where does the root of the problem to the Kashmir issue lie?
Q5.Explain the internal divisions of the State of JK and describe how these lead to
multiple regional aspirations in that state.
Q6.Discuss the external and internal disputes regarding Kashmir.
Q7.What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir?
Q8.Discuss the role of Congress in the politics of JK after Independence.
Q9.What are the different forms of separate politics of Kashmir?
Q10.In what context did a section of Akalis demand political autonomy for Punjab?
Q11.What was the Anandpur Sahab resolution? Why did it become controversial?
Q12.What was Operation Blue Star?
Q13. What tragic event further complicated the Punjab problem after Operation Blue
Star?
Q14.What were the main provisions of the Punjab Accord? In what way can they be the
basis for further tensions b/w Punjab and its neighbouring states?
Q15.What do you mean by the 7 sisters?
Q16.What were the reasons for the rise of a complicated set of demands for different
states of north east? What issues dominated the politics of N.E.?
Q17.What gave rise to the demands for autonomy in the N.E.?
Q18.List the communities who wanted separate states in the north east.
Q19.Describe the secessionist movement in the Mizo Hills. What was the outcome?
Q20.The Assam movement was a combination of cultural pride and economic
backwardness. Explain.
Q21.Briefly discuss the Assam Accord.
Q22.In what ways the issue of outsiders continued to be a live issue in Assam?
Q23.What lessons do you draw from regional aspirations? OR “Regional demands from
different parts of India exemplify the principle of unity with diversity.” Support the
statement with examples:
Q24.’Movements & protests strengthen democracy.’ Do you agree or disagree with the
statement? Support your answer with any 3 suitable examples. (GIVE BOTH)
Q25.Describe the nature of the Dravidian movement.
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INDIAN POLITICS:TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS
Q1.Discuss the 5 major developments/issues after 1989 (or towards the end of 1980)
that made a long lasting impact on our politics. (IN BRIEF)
Q2.Why are coalition governments formed?
Q3. “In the new era of coalition politics, political parties are not aligning or realigning
on the basis of ideology.” What arguments would you put forward to support or oppose
this statement?
Q4.’Coalition governments proved to be a boon for democracy in India’. Support with 3
arguments.
Q5.Inspite of the decline of the Congress domination, the Congress party continues to
influence politics in the country. Do you agree? Give reasons.
Q6.What was the Mandal issue? (political rise of OBC)
Q7.Write a short note on the emergence of BSP.
Q8.What is meant by Hinduism or Hindutva? What argument is put forward by the
believers of Hindutva?
Q9.Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in post-Emergency politics. Give
two eg where Hindutva was central to the BJP party.
Q10.What was the Ayodhya dispute? OR Trace how a local Ayodhya dispute became a
major national question.
Q11.Discuss the events that led to the demolition of the Babri Masjid. What were the
consequences? (What is Karseva?)
Q12.How was this Ayodhya dispute BJP’s worst miscalculation?
Q13.”The party system has now changed dramatically from what it was till the 70s”.
Explain.
Q14.Write about the emergence of the UPA (United Progressive Alliance).
Q15.Examine the growing consensus among political parties over crucial issues. OR “In
the midst of severe competition & many conflicts, a consensus appears to have emerged
among most parties.”
Q16.Many people think that a 2 party system is required for successful democracy.
Drawing from India’s experience of last 20 years, write an essay on what advantages the
present party system in India has.
Q17.Write a short note on the NDA III.
Q18. Write a short note on the NDA IV. OR “An era of one- party dominance has once
again started after the success of BJP in 2019.”
Q19.How is the coalition government after 2014 different from the earlier one? OR “An
era of one- party dominance has once again started after the success of BJP in 2019.”
Comment.
Q20.What major shift is noted in the issues of development and governance after 2014?
OR Discuss some factors that you think are responsible for the victory of National
Democratic Alliance (NDA) in 2019 election continuously for the second time.