Republic of the Philippines

300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT'S BACKGROUND

Introduction

Solar lights are made up of four main components: the solar

photovoltaic (PV) panel, battery, control electronics, and the light fixture.

When the sun is available, a solar panel takes the light from the sun and

produces electrical energy, and this energy can be used immediately or

stored in a battery, solar street lights are designed to work throughout the

night. The goal of most solar lights is to provide power at night with the

help of a battery. Since Philippines is a tropical country it is abundant in

heat and sunlight, which means that solar energy is one of the most

possible sources of energy to be used as an alternative. Nowadays solar

energy is one of the known alternatives source that can be used as

replacement for the electricity that you are paying for.

Streets and vulnerable road users suffer from decreased visibility in

the dark too but street lighting also improves safety for drivers, riders, and

pedestrians. Driving outside of midnight hours is more dangerous.

According to (Moss Modise, 2021) outdoor lighting plays a key role in the

design of the public area and can have a profound impact on its structure

whether it is used for roads, cycling paths, footpaths, residential areas or

parking lots, and its quality has a direct impact on the community.

Good lighting improves security, strengthens community ties, has a

positive impact on the environment, enhances the attractiveness of

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

barangays and cities. In barangays, solar street lights provide significant

advantages such as improved safety and security by enhancing nighttime

visibility. Solar lights have advantages when it comes in the street that will

keep us safe, can help to reduce crime, and to reduce road accidents.

Moreover, the notable benefit of solar streetlights is using energy without

paying monthly energy bills or not an issuance of the energy bill to the

user (CHINT Group, 2022).

Thus, this study you can develop a comprehensive strategy for

implementing solar streetlights in barangays and to determine how solar

streetlights contribute to improving safety and security barangays. By

addressing these goals, this research will contribute to the development of

sustainable and equitable solutions for improving safety, security, and

quality of life in community.

Statement of the Problems

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

This study will focus on the efffectiveness of solar lights projects in

Barangay District VIII Cuyapo Nueva Ecija. Specifically, it will answer

the following question:

1.) How can the respondents be described in terms of the following

demographic profiles:

A. Name:

Age:

Gender:

Monthly family income:

Status:

2. What is the level of effectiveness of Solar Light Project in Barangay

District VIII Cuyapo Nueva Ecija?

3. What are the problems met in the Implementation of Solar Light Project

in Barangay District VIII Cuyapo Nueva Ecija?

4. What are the solution to the problems met in the implementation of

Solar Light Project in Barangay District VIII Cuyapo Nueva Ecija?

Significance of the Study

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Since the study focuses on the effectiveness of solar lights project in

Barangay District VIII, the following group shall obtain benefits from this

study:

•Community: Improved nighttime visibility reducing the risk of any kinds

of accidents making public spaces safer for residents.

•Residents: Enhanced safety and security due to improved visibility at

night. This can reduce accidents and also crimes.

•Road Drivers: Better lighting reduces the risk of accidents by improving

the overall visibility of road conditions making it easier to navigate roads,

recognize signs, and spot pedestrians or obstacles, thus making roads safer

for drivers.

•Local Government: Reduced energy costs and lower maintenance

expenses compared to traditional street lighting systems.

•Environment: Decreased carbon footprint and less reliance on non-

renewable energy sources due to the use of solar power.

•For the Future researcher - The conducted studies will further open doors

for future researcher to refine and expand Studies about Effectiveness of

Solar light projects.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

The scope of this research covers the following areas:

1. Geographical Coverage: The study is confined to one particular

Barangay, chosen based on the presence and scope of the solar lights

project. The Barangay selected for this study is characterized by having

limited access to reliable electricity before the implementation of the solar

lights project.

This geographical limitation allows for a focused and detailed analysis of

the project's impact.

2. Time Frame: The research focuses on the period after the installation of

the solar lights, covering a timeframe of one year to allow for a

comprehensive evaluation of the project's long-term effectiveness. The

time frame is sufficient to observe changes in community behavior, public

safety, and other relevant factors impacted by the solar lights.

3. Population: The study primarily targets residents of the Barangay,

including both households and business establishments that directly

benefit from the solar lighting project. Key informants such as community

leaders, project implementers, and local government officials will also be

included to provide a more holistic view of the project's effectiveness.

However, the study does not include populations from neighboring

Barangays or areas without solar lights, as the focus is strictly on the

selected Barangay.

4. Key Variables: The study examines several variables to measure

effectiveness:
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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

- Public Safety: Assessing the reduction in crime rates, accidents, and

other safety-related incidents since the installation of solar lights.

- Economic Impact: Evaluating changes in electricity costs for

households and businesses, as well as any potential economic activities

facilitated by improved lighting.

- Environmental Impact: Measuring the reduction in carbon footprint and

reliance on non-renewable energy sources due to the shift to solar lighting.

- Community Satisfaction: Gauging the satisfaction levels of residents

with the solar lights in terms of reliability, brightness, and overall

improvement in quality of life.

While the study aims to provide a thorough evaluation of the solar

lights project, there are certain limitations that are acknowledged:

1. Exclusion of Comparative Analysis: The study does not include a

comparative analysis between Barangays with and without solar lights.

The focus is solely on the effectiveness of the project within the selected

Barangay, without comparing it to areas with conventional lighting

systems or no lighting projects at all.

2. Limited Environmental Data: The study’s environmental impact

analysis is limited to observable changes within the Barangay. It does not

conduct a detailed scientific assessment of the broader environmental

benefits or long-term sustainability of solar lights beyond the immediate

community.

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

3. Subjective Measures: While the study incorporates quantitative data

such as crime rates and electricity costs, community satisfaction is

measured through surveys and interviews, which may introduce subjective

biases. The study does not employ advanced psychometric tools to validate

these responses.

4. Focus on Short-term Impact: The study concentrates on the short-term

effectiveness of the solar lights project, primarily within a one-year post-

installation period. Long-term impacts, such as the durability of the solar

lights, maintenance issues, and potential technological advancements, are

not within the scope of this research.

In conclusion, this study seeks to provide valuable insights into the

immediate effectiveness of the solar lights project within the selected

Barangay. However, the findings are specific to the context of the studied

community and should be interpreted with consideration of the outlined

delimitations.

Definition of Terms

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

The following terms are hereby defined operationally according to

their understanding use in the study of ensure clear understanding by the

readers.

1. Effectiveness: This refers to the degree to which the solar lights project

has achieved its intended objectives in the barangay, such as improving

visibility, safety, and quality of life for residents. It is measured through

indicators like user satisfaction, reduction in accidents, and energy

savings.

2. Solar Lights: These are lighting devices powered by solar energy,

typically consisting of solar panels, batteries, and LED lights. The solar

lights gather energy from the sun during the day and convert it into

electricity to provide illumination at night.

3. Project: This term refers to the planned initiative implemented in the

barangay to install solar lights in public areas or households, aiming to

enhance lighting conditions without relying on the conventional power

grid.

4. Barangay: A barangay is the smallest administrative division in the

Philippines, often compared to a village or community. In this research, it

refers to the specific local area where the solar lights project is being

evaluated.

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

5. Sustainability: This refers to the capacity of the solar lights project to be

maintained over time, considering factors such as maintenance, cost-

effectiveness, and environmental impact.

6. Community Impact: This term refers to the overall effect of the solar

lights project on the residents of the barangay, including changes in their

daily activities, security, and social interactions.

7. Energy Efficiency: This refers to the amount of useful light produced by

the solar lights relative to the amount of solar energy consumed. It is a key

measure of the project's performance.

8. User Satisfaction: This term indicates the level of contentment among

the barangay residents with the solar lights, often assessed through surveys

or interviews, reflecting their perceived benefits and any issues

encountered.

These definitions will help clarify the key terms used throughout your

research on the effectiveness of the solar lights project in the barangay.

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the different literature and studies have

significantly guided the researcher to the development of this study.

Conceptual Related Literature

According to Kim O. Catabian et al., (2019), solar panels will

generate maximum electrical power when the intensity of solar radiation

received is also maximum, therefore the solar panel must be controlled so

that its position is always aligned to the position of the sun.

According to Marvin R. Comia et al., (2022), Solar energy has

many applications, but when rain comes, the sun is covered by the clouds

and energy production is affected.

According to Zietara (2018) solar panel is a device tends to

transform radiant heat coming from the sun into electricity. With the

challenges in the scarcity of energy, different movements initiated by

different countries around the globe are on the run. However, new

challenges arise questioning the effectiveness of the solar panel in

generating electricity.

According to the International Energy Agency (2002), solar energy

does not produce air or water pollution or greenhouse gases.

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

However, using solar energy may have some indirect negative impacts on

the environment. For example, some toxic materials and chemicals are

used to make the photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight into

electricity.

Some solar thermal systems use potentially hazardous fluids to transfer

heat. U.S. environmental laws regulate the use and disposal of these types

of materials.

According to (Fawzy et al., 2020). Some analysts have argued that

the region’s abundance of fossil fuels has acted as a bamer to the

widespread

implementation of solar PV technologies. From this perspective, the low

cost of oil and gas, which satisfy the requirements for domestic energy,

has discouraged investment in renewable energy sources.

According to (Alharbi & Csala, 2021). Leading advocates of solar

PV energy argue that these factors necessitate the diversification of energy

sources and the reduction of carbon emissions.

According to (Ramachandran et al., 2022). From this perspective, the

primary challenge in deploying solar PV technologies is striking a balance

between economic costs and benefits, which should also be integral parts

of the equation. When it comes to determining the most effective policy

approach to reach this goal, however, consensus remains elusive. While

some believe that financial incentives such as subsidies and feed-in tariffs

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are the best option others argue for mandatory renewable energy targets

and stakeholder engagement.

According to (Alharbi & Csala, 2021). Analysis of the effectiveness

of solar PV energy regulations in Dubai and Abu Dhabi requires a

theoretical framework that combines the principles of sustainability,

energy security, and economic growth.

According to (Salimi et al, 2022). Among these, the element of

sustainability mast be prioritized in order to assess the effectiveness of the

policies in managing current energy needs while simultaneously

preserving economic growth. Within this context, specific policies can be

evaluated for their capacity to reduce emissions and promote solar PV

energy use.

According to (Hafezia et al., 2017). Both of which are essential for

sustainable development. A further question concerns whether specific

measures enhance the stability and independence of energy supplies.

According to (Sgouridis et al., 2016). Economic theories about

growth and diversification offer insight into the impact of policies on the

economy. While the implementation of solar infrastructure involves a

substantial up-front expense, the potential long-term economic benefits,

such as improved cost-effectiveness and energy price stability, are

enormous.

According to (Shareef & Altan, 2019). Other studies have shown

that the policies established have increased the use of renewable energy
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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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sources, reducing carbon emissions and fossil fuel demand However,

challenges remain, including economic.

According to Al Naqbi et al, 2019). And financial barriers,

regulatory hurdles, and the need for market infrastructure improvements.

According to Fawzy et al. (2020) and Munawwar and Ghedira

(2014) presented a positive outlook regarding the challenges of solar

energy, Sajwani et al (2023) delivered a more critical assessment of the

present situation, emphasizing the urgent need for more robust policy

frameworks.

According to (Aghahosseini et al., 2020, Al Naqbi et al., 2019,

Almaser et al, 2022). New research, however, has suggested otherwise,

proposing that in fact, a combination of policy instruments, including both

incentives and regulations, yields the most effective and sustainable

results.

According to the International Energy Agency (2002), solar energy

does not produce air or water pollution or greenhouse gases. However,

using solar energy may have some indirect negative impacts on the

environment. For example, some toxic materials and chemicals are used to

make the photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight into electricity.

Some solar thermal systems use potentially hazardous fluids to transfer

heat. U.S. environmental laws regulate the use and disposal of these types

of materials.

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

According to (ROSPA 2018) The Royal Society for the Prevention

of Accidents, Street lighting provides a number of important benefits. It

can be used to promote security in urban areas and to increase the quality

of life by artificially extending the hours in which it is light so that activity

can take place. Street lighting also improves safety for drivers, riders, and

pedestrians. Driving outside of daylight hours is more dangerous. (ROSPA

March 2020) Also, only a quarter of all travel by car drivers is between the

hours of 7pm and 8am, yet this period accounts for 40% of fatal and

serious injuries to the same group. Pedestrians and vulnerable road users

suffer from decreased visibility in the dark too. For these reasons, ways of

reducing the risk to all road users during the hours of darkness must be

found. A study for the Department for Transport2 in 2003 found that road

safety was perceived as a key benefit for street lighting improvement. In

the study, 73% of respondents agreed that ‘better street lighting would

improve the safety of children, and 63.8% agreed that ‘improved street

lighting would lead to fewer accidents on the roads.

Photovoltaic systems, according to Kalogirou (2014), are bundled

into modules, and each module has a distinct voltage and current output

when it is lit. Photovoltaic modules can be connected in series or parallel

to produce higher voltages or currents. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems

have the ability to generate energy on their own or in combination with

other kinds of power plants.

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Photovoltaic systems are used to power a variety of functions, including

communications (on Earth and in space), remote power, remote

monitoring, lighting, water pumping, and battery charging.

Photovoltaic systems, according to Kalogirou (2014), are bundled

into modules, and each module has a distinct voltage and current output

when it is lit. Photovoltaic modules can be connected in series or parallel

to produce higher voltages or currents.

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have the ability to generate energy on

their own or in combination with other kinds of power plants. Photovoltaic

systems are used to power a variety of functions, including

communications (on Earth and in space), remote power, remote

monitoring, lighting, water pumping, and battery charging.

S. P. Sukhatme and J. K. Nayak (2008) claim that promoting

widespread usage of solar-derived renewable energy sources is one

method to promote positive and forward-thinking development in

geographically different communities. Applications for solar energy might

be direct or indirect. It may be directly used in a wide range of thermal

operations, such as drying, distillation, heating air or water, and food

preparation. The heated fluids can subsequently be used for a number of

purposes, including the production of electricity and food preservation.

The photovoltaic effect, which includes converting solar energy into

electrical energy, is the second way that solar energy may be used directly.
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The wind blows, plants grow, precipitation falls, and temperature

variations between the ocean's surface and its depths are all caused by the

sun, if indirectly.

These renewable energy sources all have the potential to provide useful

energy, which may subsequently be used for a wide range of diverse

commercial and noncommercial purposes.

Research Literature

According to the study of (Albert, 2019). Upgrading to LED lighting

has been identified as an effective solution to such a factories and homes

often utilize those bulbs that are bare in nature, meaning no fixtures are

involved.

As per the study of Fracas & Zondervan (2019), solar panels are

deemed necessary to promote a more sustainable low- carbon energy

transition for the environment. Moreover, the solar power generated by

these solar panels are found to reduce the cost of electricity if implemented

properly. Having to attain such accomplishment paves the way for other

benefits such as economic growth (Solar Energy Technologies Office,

2022).

S P Sukhatme and J K Nayak (2008) found out that to affect a

positive progressive development in isolated communities is to promote

the extensive use of renewable sources of energy derived from the sun.

Solar energy can be used both directly and indirectly. It can be used
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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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directly in a variety of thermal applications like heating water or air,

drying, distillation, and cooking.

The heated fluids can in turn be used for applications like power

generation or refrigeration. In second way in which solar energy can be

used directly is through the photovoltaic effect in which it is converted to

electrical energy.

Indirectly, the sun causes winds blow, plants to grow, rain to fall, and

temperature differences to occur from the surface to the bottom of the

oceans. Useful energy can be obtained for commercial and noncommercial

purposes through all these renewable sources.

In a study conducted by Eronini (2014) he suggested different

configurations to optimize the utilization of solar power systems. Solar

panels produce electricity through individual photovoltaic cells connected

in series.

This form of energy collection is viable in regions of the world where the

sun is plentiful, and can be used in isolated regions or on houses to

supplement the rising cost of electricity from a power grid. To convert the

sun’s energy, the cells capture photons to create freed electrons that flow

across the cells to produce usable current.

Bollinger (2007) studied that converters transform the variable

output from solar panels to constant voltages to maximize the continuous

supply of usable power for either present needs or stored for future use.

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The output power of the panel is affected by many variables that

continually changes throughout the day.

This produces fluctuations in voltage and current that makes the panel

inefficient unless the outputs are constantly adjusted to maximize the

power output.

The oscillating conditions are determined by wenvironmental

factors, chemical composition of the panel, and the angular position of the

sun. Since solar energy is only produced during the day, requiring an

energy storage application by either a battery or connecting to the power

grid to provide power during the night.

Followed by the studied of Kumar et al. (2016) were able to develop

a prototype to be used as a solution to the stated problem. Photovoltaic

panels were mounted on a pole equipped with a box that contained the

technical parts of the system. Upon the implementation of the proposed

system, it was then subjected to different factors to determine its

effectiveness. Factors such as feasibility, cost analysis and the

environmental impacts were chosen by the researchers to come up with a

detailed and in-depth comparison of the proposed systems. Photovoltaic

panels are mounted on the top of a pole, batteries and other controllers are

equipped in a box and this is either mounted on the pole or buried under

the ground. The study concluded that the solar power street lights

implemented in the local city of Fugar are more reliable than diesel

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
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generated lighting systems in terms of different aspects such as technical,

economical, and environmental aspects.

A study by Xu et al. (2018) stated that higher utilization of street

lights results in substantially lower crime indexes. The study identified two

notable reasons that explain the acquired findings of the study.

YoThe first indicates that the improved visibility of the dark alleys

attained by the existence of street lights has contributed to a better

surveillance of the area, thus, higher risk for criminals to execute crime.

The second implies that the relatively large amount of street lights equates

to a prosperous neighborhood environment. By having so, residents

achieve a more positive outlook to the community which is relevant to

community cohesion and social control.

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Effectiveness of Solar lights project in Barangay District

Conceptual Framework VIII

Conceptual Framework

Effectiveness of Solution to the

Seriousness of the problems
Solar lights project problems in the
met in the implementation
as perceived by the implementations of
of solar lights project
respondents the solar lights
project.

PROPOSED INTERVENTION PLAN

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The process demonstrates the effectiveness of Solar lights project in

Barangay District III Cuyapo pueva Ecija and how is the effect of solar

lights project as perceived by the respondents, and the Seriounces of the

problem met in the implementation of Solar lights project. Next is the

solution to the problem met in the implementation of this project and lastly

this study will propose an intervention plan.

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research method that was used in the

study. it also discussed the research methods design locale and description

of respondents, instrument use and treatment and data analysis generated

in the study and statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

This study used the descriptive research design and the method

employed was descriptive evaluation method. Descriptive-Evaluation is

used to determine the effectiveness of the ordinance whether the policy is

effective or not. (Ronald R. 2006)

The method described the profile of the citizens items of their socio-

demographic profiles, level of effectiveness, degree of seriousness of the

problem, and solution to the problem. Evaluation methods were used to

determine effectiveness of Solar Lights Project among the level of

effectiveness, degree of seriousness of the problem and solution to the

problem of the respondents and determine the level of effectiveness,

degree of seriousness of the problem and solution to the problem across

socio-demographic profiles of the respondents.

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Population and Locale of The Study

The respondents of this research were the residence of Barangay

District VIII. The researcher used the Slovin's formula to get the total

number of samples from the population with 95% confidence level-

stratified random sampling technique was employed to determine the

respondents of the study.

Research Instrument

The main to used to gather the research data for the research was a

questionnaire. The questionnaire was comprised of 4 parts, which were the

socio-demographic characteristic, purpose, problems and solutions of the

research. The questionnaire was prepared based on the researcher's

reading, previously activities/studies, professional literature, and published

and unpublished thesis, dissertations relevant to the study.

Part I of the questionnaire included the researcher-made instrument to

obtain the information about the socio-demographic characteristic

respondents’ profile such as name, sex, age, monthly family income and

status

Part II of the questionnaire included the purpose of the research.

Part III of the questionnaire included the problems in implementing the

policy.

Part IV of the questionnaire included the solutions in the problems.

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Data Gathering Procedure

Since the collection of data covered the Barangay Barangay District

VIII involved, there has been a need to ask the approval and permission

from the Kapitan before the conducted of the study through a letter of

request. Upon the approval of the letter of request, permission from

respected were acquired and secured.

The questionnaire was administered to the residence of Barangay

District VIII with the permission of the kapitan. The instructor and content

in the questionnaire were explained to the respondents before answering.

The questionnaire was explained to the respondents before answering. The

questionnaire was then retrieved after they have finished answering.

Through the help of the researcher, the respondents were collected.

Moreover, all the data collected was treated with outmost confidentially

and was subjected statistical tools

Statistical Treatment of Data

The socio-demographic characteristic of the respondents of name,

age, gender monthly family income and status was described the

descriptive statistics. Evaluation statistics were used such as Frequency

Count, Percentage and Average Weighted Means describe and determine

the level of effectiveness.

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Solvins Formula was employed and Frequency Count, Percentage and

Average Weighted Mean was employed to determine the difference level

of effectiveness and scientific reasoning skills level across the socio-

demographic characteristic of the respondents.

Finally, Evaluation, Frequency Count, Percentage and Average Weighted

Mean was employed to determine the evaluation of the respondent’s level

of effectiveness

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Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS OF DATA AND INTERPRETATION

OF FINDINGS

This chapter present the analysis and interpretations of their

statistical measure of the variables being investigated. Tabular presentation

has been employed by the researcher to clearly shoe the salient features of

the study

Table 1
The Socio – Demographic Profile of the Respondents
N=30

Profile Category Frequency Percent

Gender Male 16 53.33%

Female 14 46.67%

Age Below 20 2 6.67%

21-30 12 40%

31-40 3 10%

41-50 5 16.67%

51-60 4 13.33%

60 Above 4 13.33%

Status Single 8 26.67%

Marriage 20 66.67%

Widowed 2 6.67%

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Separated 0 0%

Monthly P 8,000 and below 25 80%

Family P 8,001 - 4 16.67%

Income P16,000 1 3.33%

P 16,001 - P 0 0%

32,000 0 0%

P 32,000 - P

80,000

P 80,001 and

higher

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The social demographic profile of the respondent is a crucial aspect

of any research study as it provides inside into the diversity and

background of the individuals being surveyed. in this particular study I

thought all of 30 respondents were involved in them propels were assessed

across various categories, including Gender, Age, Status, Monthly Family

Income. Let's delve into the details of each category to better understand

the characteristic of study participants

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Sex: In terms of gender. The study had a significant difference with

the percentage of (53.33%) for male and (46.67%) for female respondents.

This gender balance is crucial for insurance that the study findings are

representative of both genders and for examining potential gender base

difference in responses.

Age: The age distribution of the respondents indicates that majority

face are Below 20 years old (6.67%), 21-30 years old (40%), 31-40 years

old (10%), 41-50 years old (16.67%) and 51-60 years old (13.33%). And

lastly, 61 above years old (13.33%). This suggest a relatively Even

distribution of respondents across this group, with that is light majority in

the younger information is vital for understanding the life age and

potential variation in presentations among the respondents.

Status- In terms of the status the majority (66.67%) is Married, this

followed by (26.67%) of Single and lastly (6.67%) is Widowed. This

distribution reflects the mix different Status which may have implications

of their level of experience and exposure to various effectiveness of this

project.

Monthly Family Income: Analysis of monthly family income

reveals varied financial circumstances among the respondents. The

majority (80%) reported a monthly income ranging from P 8,000 and

below, while (5%) reported incomes of P 8,001 to P 16,000, and another

(3.33%) fell within the P 16,001 to 32,000.

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

There were no respondents in the higher income brackets of P 32,000 and

above, indicating a predominantly middle to lower-income group.

In summary, the socio-demographic profile of the 30 respondents

provides valuable insights into their Gender, Age, Status, and Monthly

Family Income. Understanding these characteristics is essential for

interpreting the study's

Table 2
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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

The Level of Effectiveness of the Respondents

N=30

Level of Effectiveness NE ME E HE VHE Mean DE

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1. To install solar power 0 0 3 5 22 4.63 HE
streetlights in Barangay
2. To reduce vulnerability and 0 0 4 7 19 4.50 HE
prevent road users from accident
3. To help people feel safe and 0 0 4 9 17 4.43 HE
can help reduce crime
4. To conserve energy and that 0 0 4 14 12 4.27 HE
will be used to light up the
following nights
5. To make road clearly visible 0 0 4 14 12 4.28 HE
in order to promote safety and
convenience
6. Helping to manage the solar 0 0 6 13 11 4.17 VE
lights installation from risky
situation
7. Help you to ensure the safety 0 1 6 16 7 3.97 VE
and convenience for the citizen
from theft
8. To have safer comfortable, 0 1 7 6 16 4.23 HE
more convenient and efficient
movement of vehicles during
nighttime
9. Everyone can feel at ease 0 1 6 14 9 4.03 VE
knowing that there have a solar
light
10. Barangay Officials always 2 1 9 9 9 3.73 VE
do an action anytime anywhere
when there was a problem in the
solar light.

The table presents the level of effectiveness among 30 respondents

assessing their confidence in various academic indicators measures the

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

respondents’ financial problems, categorized as Not Effective (NE),

Moderately Effective (ME), Effective (E), Seldom (SD), Highly Effective

(HE), and Very Highly Effective (VHE). Let’s discuss each of the

indicators and then examine the top three and lowest three indicators based

on their mean scores.

The Top Three Indicators:

To install solar power streetlights in Barangay (Mean= 4.63, DE=

Highly Effective) This indicator tracks the actual installation of solar

streetlights in designated areas, ensuring the project is executed as

planned. The number of streetlights installed, their geographic distribution,

and their functioning serve as tangible proof of progress. Installing solar

streetlights serves as a primary metric for determining the success of the

project. It acts as a starting point to measure further outcomes such as

sustainability, community impact, cost-effectiveness, and scalability,

providing a holistic view of the solar lights’ effectiveness in the barangay.

To reduce vulnerability and prevent road users from accident

(Mean= 4.50, DE= Highly Effective) The research indicator tracks that

road users, particularly drivers,

benefit from well-lit streets as they have more time to react to obstacles,

pedestrians, or other vehicles.

Solar-powered streetlights can help improve driver visibility and reaction

time. a crucial part of evaluating the effectiveness of a solar lights project.

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

It helps researchers assess the primary goal of enhancing road safety

through improved visibility, accident prevention, and increased user

confidence. A successful solar light installation should correlate with

lower accident rates, improved road conditions, and a higher sense of

security among road users, proving the effectiveness of the project.

To help people feel safe and can help reduce crime (Mean= 4.43,

DE= Highly Effective) The indicator tracks the effectiveness of solar

lights especially in dark or poorly lit areas, improve the public’s sense of

security. People are more likely to feel safe walking, traveling, or spending

time outdoors at night. In measuring how well, solar streetlights enhance

community security. It encompasses not only actual reductions in crime

rates but also the public's perception of safety, fear of crime, and the

broader social impact on community life.

The Lowest Three Indicators:

Barangay Officials always do an action anytime anywhere when

there was a problem in the solar light. (Mean= 3.73, DE= Very Effective)

This indicator aims to measure how quickly and effectively the officials

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

respond when problems with solar lights arise, addresses the

responsiveness and accountability of local government officials

concerning the solar light project in Barangay District VIII.

It evaluates the effectiveness of solar lights by focusing on the

involvement and proactive response of barangay officials in maintaining

and troubleshooting the lights.

Help you to ensure the safety and convinience for the citizen from

theft (Mean= 3.97, DE= Very Effective) The research indicator examines

how the installation of solar lights in Barangay District VIII contributes to

improving public safety and preventing theft. This indicator focuses on the

role of solar lighting in creating a secure environment, which is one of the

key goals of such projects.

Helping to manage the solar lights installation from risky situation

(Mean= 4.17, DE= Very Effective) This indicator highlights the

importance of addressing and managing risks during the installation of

solar lights.

Proper management ensures that the installation is completed

safely without causing harm to workers, residents, or property. Risks may

include electrical shocks, faulty installation, or poor structural support that

could lead to accidents.

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

This near-equal representation ensures that both male and female

perspectives are well-reflected in the study, allowing for a balanced exploration

of gender-based differences in responses. This relatively even age distribution

allows for a thorough examination of age-related differences and their potential

influence on the study outcomes. This variety in marital status might reflect

differences in life experience, which could influence how respondents perceive

and respond to the project's objectives. None of the respondents fell into the

higher income brackets above P 32,000, suggesting that the study primarily

targeted middle- to lower-income groups.

This primary indicator tracks the number, distribution, and functionality

of installed solar streetlights, serving as a core measure of the project’s progress.

Successful installation is foundational for assessing further outcomes such as

sustainability, community impact, and scalability. This indicator directly ties to

the project's goal of increasing road safety through better lighting and is a

measure of success through reduced accident rates and improved road

conditions. The presence of solar streetlights in dark areas improves residents'

sense of security, as well as community life by allowing safer outdoor activities

at night. This metric measures the social impact, encompassing crime reduction

and public perception of safety.

This indicator evaluates how promptly barangay officials address issues with the

solar lights, focusing on local government accountability and responsiveness in

maintenance and troubleshooting. The study examines how well solar lights

contribute to public safety by creating a more secure environment, aiming to

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

reduce theft and enhance residents' sense of security. This indicator tracks efforts

to manage installation risks, such as electrical hazards and structural issues,

ensuring safety for workers and the community during the setup of solar

streetlights.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in this

study offers critical insights into their gender, age, marital status, and monthly

family income. This diverse demographic background provides a comprehensive

understanding of the participants, allowing for a nuanced interpretation of the

study's findings. Overall, demographic details underscore the study's

representativeness and aid in interpreting variations in responses based on

participants’ backgrounds.

The research findings reveal that the installation of solar-powered

streetlights in Barangay District VIII has been highly effective in achieving its

primary objectives. The top indicators—successful installation, enhanced road

safety, and improved public security—demonstrate that the project has

positively impacted the community.

However, the lowest-ranked indicators highlight areas for improvement,

particularly in terms of the responsiveness of barangay officials to maintenance

issues, the prevention of theft, and risk management during the installation

process. Addressing these concerns would further enhance the overall

effectiveness and sustainability of the solar streetlight initiative.

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300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Recommendations

Based on the research findings exploring the effectiveness of solar lights

project in Barangay District VIII, these are the several recommendations:

1. Gender Representation: The study’s gender distribution, with a near balance

between male and female respondents, suggests a well-represented sample.

Future research should aim to maintain or further improve this balance to

continue providing insights into gender-based differences in perceptions and

responses.

2. Age Group Analysis: The diversity in age, with a significant representation

from younger respondents (21-30 years), could shape study outcomes. It may be

beneficial to examine age-specific attitudes or behaviors in detail, especially for

technology adoption or preference. Future studies could aim for a more even

spread across age groups to ensure a balanced perspective.

3. Strengthen Maintenance and Responsiveness: With a rating of 3.73, it is

crucial to improve the responsiveness of barangay officials to maintenance

issues. Implementing a streamlined reporting and response system, potentially

with designated personnel, could ensure that any issues with the solar lights are

addressed promptly, increasing public confidence in the project's upkeep.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.academia.edu/35362064/

A_Study_on_the_Efficiency_of_Using_Solar_Powered_Street_Lights_i

n_Intramuros_Manilahttps://www.sepco-solarlighting.com/blog/the-

benefits-of-solar-lighting-a-sustainable-revolution?
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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

hs_amp=truehttps://www.engoplanet.com/single-post/the-

economic-benefits-of-solar-street-lights-saving-money-and-

promoting-sustainabledevelopment?

srsltid=AfmBOoqB0OfkBQPdLfQwDjDTuCxsfMf0KItr46g3g7W-

dzpOgoLdtVn_

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319201347_A_study_on_

the_reliability_and_performance_of_solar_powered_street_lighting_

systemhttps://www.scribd.com/document/637588534/A-STUDY-

ON-THE-EFFICIENCY-OF-USING-SOLAR-POWERED-S

https://www.scribd.com/document/519603285/RESEARCH-PAPER-

SAMPLE-1 https://www.scribd.com/document/593407584/PROJECT-

PROPOSAL-SOLAR-STREET-LIGHTShttps://solar-led-street-

light.com/solar-street-light-proposal-pdf

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Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

APPENDICES

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
DIVISION OF NUEVA ECIJA
CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Bulala, Cuyapo Nueva Ecija

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

APPENDIX A. A LETTER TO THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL

February 12, 2024

MA. CECILIA P. PACOL

School Principal
Cuyapo National High School
Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija

Madam,
I am currently taking the subject Research in Daily 2 as a senior high
school student of Cuyapo National High School and in the process of conducting
a study entitled “EFFECTIVENESS OF SOLAR LIGHTS PROJECT IN
BARANGAY DISTRICT VIII”. The study aims to elicit information which
will provide student’s//teacher’s/business owners’ perception and belief in line
with the goal of the study.
Relative to this, may I request your good office to grant me y
permission to let me go and dispense my questionnaire and conduct an interview
to citizens of Barangay District VIII Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija. Attached here with is
the sample of the questionnaire for your reference and information.

Your kind consideration and favorable action in this matter will be appreciated.
Thank you very much and God bless.
With much regards and every good wish,

Sunshine B. Delos Reyes

Researcher
Noted: Approved:
JOB D. GAMBOA MA. CECILIA P. PACOL
Subject Teacher School Principal IV
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
DIVISION OF NUEVA ECIJA
CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Bulala, Cuyapo Nueva Ecija

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

APPENDIX B. QUESTIONNAIRES
Direction: Please take a few minutes in supplying the requisite information below

with all honesty which will be a great help in gaining significant information

needed to improve the goal of the study. Rest assured that all answers will be

treated with utmost confidentiality.

Part I. Respondent’s Profile

Name: ___________________________________________________

Gender: _____ Male _____ Female

Age: ______

Status: ______

Monthly Family Income:

_______ P 8,000 and b\elow _______ P 32,000-P 80,000

_______ P 8,001-P 16,000 _______ P 80,001 and higher

_______ P 16,001-32,000

Part II. Level of Effectiveness

Direction: Indicate your rating for the following items below by putting a check
on the box provided that corresponds to your answer.: Please Read its item
carefully and put a check mark (✓) on the box.
1- Not Effective 2- Moderately Effective
3- Effective 4 - High Effective
5- - Very Highly Effective

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Level of Effectiveness
1 2 3 4 5

1. To install solar power

streetlights in Barangay
2. To reduce vulnerability and
prevent road users from accident
3. To help people feel safe and
can help reduce crime
4. To conserve energy and that
will be used to light up the
following nights
5. To make road clearly visible in
order to promote safety and
convenience
6. Helping to manage the solar
lights installation from risky
situation
7. Help you to ensure the safety
and convinience for the citizen
from theft
8. To have safer comfortable,
more convenient and efficient
movement of vehicles during
nighttime
9. Everyone can feel at ease
knowing that there has a solar
light
10. Barangay Officials always do
an action anytime anywhere when
there was a problem in the solar
light.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Sunshine B. Delos Reyes

Address: Barangay District VIII, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija

Contact Number: 09264548781

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 Republic of the Philippines
300801|CUYAPO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Email Address: [email protected]

_________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Citizenship: Filipino Gender: Female

Civil Status: Single Age: 17

Date of Birth: February-04-2007 Place of Birth: Barangay District VIII,

Cuyapo Nueva Ecija

Religion: Roman Catholic

_________________________________________________________________

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary Education

School: Cuyapo West Central School

Adress: Barangay District VIII, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija

Year Graduated: 2019-2020

Secondary Education

School: Cuyapo National High School

Address: Barangay Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija

Year Graduated: 2022-2023

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