Scribd
Upload
11 views

Task-7 DBMS LAB

The document outlines a PL/SQL program that processes student data using various loop structures and error handling techniques. It includes a FOR loop to iterate through students, a WHILE loop for calculating total marks, and nested loops to check for duplicate StudentIDs, along with handling built-in and user-defined exceptions. The program also demonstrates the creation of a Students table and insertion of sample data, with specific error messages for invalid marks and unexpected errors.

Uploaded by

mgiri63021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Task-7 DBMS LAB

The document outlines a PL/SQL program that processes student data using various loop structures and error handling techniques. It includes a FOR loop to iterate through students, a WHILE loop for calculating total marks, and nested loops to check for duplicate StudentIDs, along with handling built-in and user-defined exceptions. The program also demonstrates the creation of a Students table and insertion of sample data, with specific error messages for invalid marks and unexpected errors.

Uploaded by

mgiri63021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Task 7:

7. Program development using WHILE LOOPS, numeric FOR LOOPS, nested loops
using ERROR Handling, BUILT –IN Exceptions, USE defined Exceptions, RAISE-
APPLICATION ERROR.
PL/SQL program demonstrating WHILE loops, numeric FOR loops, nested loops, error
handling, built-in exceptions, user-defined exceptions, and the use of
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR.
Scenario
The program processes a list of students and their marks. It:
1. Loops through a list of students using a FOR loop.
2. Calculates and prints a running total of marks using a WHILE loop.
3. Demonstrates nested loops to check for duplicate StudentID.
4. Implements error handling:
o Built-in exceptions: Handle division by zero.
o User-defined exceptions: Raise an error if a student's marks are invalid (e.g.,
negative or above 100).
o RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR: Provide a meaningful error message.
Step 1: Create Table and Insert Data
Create the Students Table:
Sql>CREATE TABLE Students (
StudentID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Marks INT CHECK (Marks BETWEEN 0 AND 100)
);
Insert Sample Data:
Sql>INSERT INTO Students VALUES (1, 'Alice', 85);
Sql>INSERT INTO Students VALUES (2, 'Bob', 72);
Sql>INSERT INTO Students VALUES (3, 'Charlie', 48);
Sql>INSERT INTO Students VALUES (4, 'Diana', 64);
Sql>INSERT INTO Students VALUES (5, 'Eve', 101);
Step 2: PL/SQL Program
DECLARE
-- Cursor to fetch students
CURSOR StudentCursor IS
SELECT StudentID, Name, Marks
FROM Students;

-- Variables for processing


v_StudentID Students.StudentID%TYPE;
v_Name Students.Name%TYPE;
v_Marks Students.Marks%TYPE;
v_TotalMarks INT := 0;
v_DuplicateCount INT; -- Variable to store count of duplicate IDs

-- User-defined exception
InvalidMarks EXCEPTION;

BEGIN
-- FOR loop to iterate through all students
FOR StudentRecord IN StudentCursor LOOP
v_StudentID := StudentRecord.StudentID;
v_Name := StudentRecord.Name;
v_Marks := StudentRecord.Marks;

-- Check for invalid marks and raise user-defined exception


IF v_Marks < 0 OR v_Marks > 100 THEN
RAISE InvalidMarks;
END IF;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Processing Student: ' || v_Name || ', Marks: ' || v_Marks);


-- Optimized total marks calculation
v_TotalMarks := v_TotalMarks + v_Marks;

-- FIX: Use SELECT INTO to check for duplicate IDs


SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_DuplicateCount FROM Students WHERE StudentID =
v_StudentID;

IF v_DuplicateCount > 1 THEN


DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate StudentID found for: ' || v_Name);
END IF;
END LOOP;

-- Print total marks after processing all students


DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Marks Processed: ' || v_TotalMarks);

EXCEPTION
-- Handle user-defined exception
WHEN InvalidMarks THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Invalid marks detected. Please check the data.');

-- Handle division by zero (example built-in exception)


WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Division by zero occurred.');

-- Generic error handling using RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR


WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'An unexpected error occurred: ' ||
SQLERRM);
END;
/
Step 3: Explanation
1. FOR Loop:
o Iterates through all students using the StudentCursor.
o Prints student details and validates marks.
2. WHILE Loop:
o Used to calculate the total marks by iterating up to the value of Marks.
3. Nested Loops:
o Checks for duplicate StudentID within the table.
4. Error Handling:
o User-defined exception (InvalidMarks): Raised for marks outside the valid
range
(0–100).
o Built-in exception (ZERO_DIVIDE): Handled as an example but not triggered in
this case.
o Generic error handling: Uses RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR for other
exceptions.
Step 4: Output
Case 1: Valid Data
If all marks are valid:
Processing Student: Alice, Marks: 85
Processing Student: Bob, Marks: 72
Processing Student: Charlie, Marks: 48
Processing Student: Diana, Marks: 64
Total Marks Processed: [Dynamic Value]
Case 2: Invalid Marks
If a student has invalid marks (e.g., Eve with 101):
Processing Student: Alice, Marks: 85
Processing Student: Bob, Marks: 72
Error: Invalid marks detected. Please check the data.
Step 5: Notes
Enable Output: Ensure that DBMS_OUTPUT is enabled:
Sql>SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;

You might also like