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3zkv8jmmw Fallacy

The document outlines various logical fallacies, including Ad Hominem, Ad Ignorantiam, Circular Argument, and others, explaining their definitions and implications in arguments. It distinguishes between fact and opinion, highlighting that facts are proven and supported by evidence, while opinions are based on personal beliefs and may not be substantiated. The document serves as a guide to understanding flawed reasoning in discussions and debates.

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John carl Marquez
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5 views14 pages

3zkv8jmmw Fallacy

The document outlines various logical fallacies, including Ad Hominem, Ad Ignorantiam, Circular Argument, and others, explaining their definitions and implications in arguments. It distinguishes between fact and opinion, highlighting that facts are proven and supported by evidence, while opinions are based on personal beliefs and may not be substantiated. The document serves as a guide to understanding flawed reasoning in discussions and debates.

Uploaded by

John carl Marquez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FALLACY

Ad Hominem

Ad hominems are a fallacy of relevance where


someone rejects or criticizes another person’s
view on the basis of personal characteristics,
background, physical appearance, or other
features irrelevant to the argument at issue.
Ad ignorantiam

A fallacy that a proposition is true because it


has not yet been proven false or vice versa.
Circular Argument (petito principii)

When a person’s argument is just repeating what


they already assumed beforehand, it’s not arriving
at any new conclusion.
Appeal to Authority
(argumentum ad verecundiam)

This fallacy happens when we misuse an


authority.

We can cite only authorities — steering


conveniently away from other testable and
concrete evidence as if expert opinion is always
correct.
Dicto Simpliciter

Argument base on an unqualified


generalization

Ex: Exercise is good. Therefore


everybody should exercise.
Hasty Generalization

Hasty generalizations are general statements


without sufficient evidence to support them.
Post Hoc

is a fallacy in which one event is said to be the


cause of a later event simply because it
occurred earlier. Remember, correlation does
not equal causation.
Contradictory Premises

Contradictory premises involve


an argument (generally considered a logical
fallacy) that draws a conclusion from
inconsistent or incompatible premises.
Ad Misericordiam

In this case, the fallacy appeals to the compassion


and emotional sensitivity of others when these
factors are not strictly relevant to the argument.
Appeals to pity often appear as emotional
manipulation.
False Analogy

It draws a comparison on the basis of what is


known, and proceeds to assume that the
unknown parts must also be similar.
Poisoning the Well

Poisoning the well is a logical fallacy (a type


of ad hominem argument) in which a person
attempts to place an opponent in a position
from which he or she is unable to reply.
FACT VS. OPINION
FACT VS. OPINION
-proven and verified -thinks or feels
-supported by -not necessarily
evidences supported by
-true or false evidences
-biases

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