Understanding the Effect of Lack of Sleep to the Well-Being of

Grade 11 Technical Vocational Livelihood Home Economics Students of

St. Matthew Academy of Cavite

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research II

Submitted by:

Group 2

Members:

Alegre, Marlon R.

Bartolay, Jasmine E.

Candelaria, Adrian P.

Cuartoano, Yullysis

Danas, Micky I.

Francisco, Jhett C.

Hipol, McKenzie Shamir A.

Lanerio, Marjorie B.

Marquez, Kayne A.

Reyes, Chloie Althea M.

Saez, John Rei R.

Tejada, Justin John

Ymana, Rjay C.

Submitted to:

Erwin V. Vales, LPT

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title i

List of Tables ii

Acknowledgement

Chapter 1: The Problem and Literature Review

Background of the Study…………………………………………i

Literature Review………………………………………………….ii

Research Problems……………………………………………….v

Theoretical Frameworks……………………………………….…vi

Conceptual Frameworks……………………………..................vii

Scope and Limitations……………………………………………viii

Definition of Terms………………………………………………..ix

Chapter 2: Procedures

Qualitative Design and Methology………………………………xi

Research Site……………………………………………………..xi

Selection Criteria and Participants………………………………xii

Data Collection…………………………………………………….xiii

Data Analysis………………………………………………………xiiii

Role of Researcher……………………………………………….xv

Method of Validation………………………………………………xvii

Potical Ethical Considerations…………………………………..xix

Background of the Study

Therefore, the researchers believe that conducting this study is essential

in addressing a growing concern among senior high school students. Sleep

deprivation has become a prevalent issue, particularly among TVL students

who struggles in well-being. By investigating its effects on well-being, this

research seeks to provide valuable insights into how lack of sleep influences

students’ cognitive abilities, concentration, and overall productivity.

Furthermore, the findings of this study may serve as a basis for developing

strategies or interventions that could help students improve their sleeping habits

and, in turn, enhance their well-being. Understanding this issue is crucial in

promoting better learning outcomes and overall well-being among senior high

school students.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

LOCAL STUDIES

According to (Arboleda 2022) This study evaluated the mental health

and sleep quality of high school seniors at a private institution in the Philippines.

This research employed a descriptive-correlational method. A stratified random

sampling method was employed to choose the 328 senior high school students.

Data was gathered using two established psychological tools: the Pittsburgh

Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well-Being

(RPSWB), evaluated through descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

The results showed low sleep quality and a moderate degree of psychological

well-being among senior high school students. The Pearson product-moment

correlation showed a notable connection between sleep quality and sex, year

level, and academic strand; a robust correlation between psychological well-

being and academic strand; and no meaningful relationship between sleep

quality and psychological well-being. To sum up, students can achieve a

satisfactory state of psychological well-being even with inadequate sleep

quality. Cooperative initiatives involving guidance counselors, school

administrators, and educators can assist senior high school students in

improving their learning and cultivating healthier sleep hygiene habits.

FOREIGN STUDIES

According to (Fjell & Walhovd 2025) Many believe that sleep is crucial

for the health of the human brain. In this section, we explore the support for this

perspective, concentrating on typical fluctuations in sleep habits. We examine

the roles of sleep and emphasize the contradictory consequences of theories

viewing sleep as an adaptive trait compared to the theory suggesting that sleep

aids in the removal of metabolic waste from the brain. We additionally assess

the idea that sleep actively contributes to the consolidation of memories. In

conclusion, we examine studies regarding potential impacts of long-term sleep

deprivation on brain wellness. We discover that the support for a causal

influence of sleep on human brain health is unexpectedly limited compared to

the level of focus on sleep in both science and society. Although there are

recognized links between sleep characteristics and elements of brain health,

findings are usually inconsistent between studies and metrics, and it remains

unclear how much changes in sleep patterns signify symptoms or causes.

Particularly, the claim that extended sleep 8 hours is generally advantageous

for long-term brain health in humans appears to lack empirical backing. We

propose avenues for future research to build a robust knowledge base

regarding the role of sleep in brain health, emphasizing longitudinal studies with
regular sampling, consideration of individual variations, and more ecologically

valid intervention research.

According to (Barber, Rupprecht & Munz 2015) This study looked into

poor sleep hygiene as a behavioral risk that could jeopardize psychological

and social well-being. Although the relationship between sleep and wellness

is well recognized, less is known about how sleep hygiene may affect

wellbeing. The findings, which demonstrated mediation effects for both

models, showed that psychological strain and hassle evaluations were the

only factors that mediated the relationship between sleep hygiene and

wellbeing. These results suggest that sleep may influence the cognitive

evaluation process, which in turn may affect wellbeing.

According to (Lemola, Thomas, Ledermann & Friedman 2015) While

there is ample evidence linking poorer subjective well-being to worse subjective

sleep quality, there are fewer and less consistent studies examining the

relationship between objective sleep metrics and subjective well-being.We

examined whether subjective well-being was influenced by subjective sleep

quality and whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration and quality were

associated with subjective well-being using data from the Survey of Mid-Life in

the United States (MIDUS). Was used to measure sleep duration, variability of

sleep duration, sleep onset delay, and time awake following sleep onset

throughout a seven-day period.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to

measure subjective sleep quality, while the Mood and Anxiety Symptom

Questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to measure

psychological distress symptoms and positive psychological well-being. High

daily fluctuations in sleep duration were linked to lower subjective well-being

scores in both white and African American individuals, controlling for age,

gender, marital status, education, and body mass index. On the other hand,

subjective well-being controlling confounders and other sleep factors did not

correlate with sleep length, sleep onset latency, or time awake following sleep

onset. Furthermore, subjective sleep quality acted as a partial mediating factor

in the association between well-being and variations in sleep length. The results

indicate that low subjective sleep quality and poor subjective well-being are

associated with significant daily variability in sleep duration, which is greater

than average.

Research Problem

1.How many hours do respondents sleep?

2.How do lack of sleep affects the students’ well being in terms of;

2.1 Physical

2.2 Emotional

2.3 Mental

2.4 Social

2. What is/are the affect of lack of sleep to the student well being of Grade 11

Technical Vocational Livelihood students of St. Matthew Academy of Cavite?

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS

Restorative Theory

According to Oswald's Restoration Theory, you must take time to rest in

order to replenish the energy you expend during the day and maintain your

health and productivity. The restoration idea of sleep was initially proposed by

Oswald in 1931. extending the restoration ideas that his predecessor Johannis

Mayer had found. Sleep is essential for restorative functions, according to

Oswald.

He asserts that lack of sleep can lead to mental health issues and even

death. One of the first theories of restoration is the restorative theory of sleep.

Its main thesis—that restoration only occurs during rest periods—has

significant ramifications for biological processes and human health. Often

referred to as the Father of Sleep Medicine, Dr. William C. Dement published

Oswald's Restoration Theory for the first time in the 1920s (1927).

According to Welsh, Mai, Ellis, Christian Restoration Theory, overcoming

the effects of sleep deprivation on unethical behavior; An extension of

integrated self-control theory, previous research has utilized an ego depletion

perspective to establish a self-regulatory model linking sleep deprivation to

immoral behavior via depletion (Barnes, Schaubroeck, Huth, & Ghumman,

2011; Christian & Ellis, 2011; Welsh, Ellis, Christian, & Mai, 2014). We expand

this research by moving from depletion to examine a more in-depth, process-

focused view of self-control. We employ integrative self-control theory (Kotabe

& Hofmann, 2015) to identify two key moderators in the relationship between

sleep and unethical behavior. Although previous research has mainly focused

on the negative effects associated with diminished control capacity – such as

insufficient sleep – we suggest that factors influencing control motivation and

control effort are also crucial to the self-regulatory process. At first, we explore

the role of control motivation, suggesting that a person’s sense of power affects

how sleep deprivation correlates with exhaustion by promoting intentional, goal-

directed actions that mitigate the exhausting effects of insufficient sleep.

Additionally, we investigate how control effort affects outcomes, proposing that

reflection affects the relationship between depletion and unethical behavior,

implying that those who are depleted are less likely to engage in unethical

actions when their levels of contemplation are high. Three studies—one

manipulating sleep deprivation in a lab environment and two exploring natural

variations in sleep quality and quantity—offer consistent support for our

improved model that merges mediation and moderation, advancing self-

regulatory research linking sleep deprivation to unethical behavior.

 ROCE O
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FEEDBACK

Figure 1. The conceptual framework.

This figure shows the flow of the conceptual framework that will guide

the researcher through the study. This includes the input, process, output, and

feedback steps.
Input – In the input it includes the frequency of sleep deprivation where we find

out if a person who lacks sleep gets enough sleep in a day a grade 11 technical

vocational livelihood students

Process - The Process involves three main steps: data gathering, data

analysis, and data interpretation. In the data gathering stage, researchers

collect responses from the students through the survey. After collecting the

data, they analyze it to find patterns and key insights. Finally, the researchers

interpret the data to understand the results, answer the research questions, and

draw meaningful conclusions about lack of sleep among the grade 11

TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL LIVELIHOOD students in St. Matthew Academy of

Cavite.

OUTPUT - The Output of the study is the proposed recommendations to

balance the time management of a student who lacks of sleep and to improve

their academic performance of a TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL LIVELIHOOD

students.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The study focuses on the effect of sleep deprivation on Grade 11

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) students of St. Matthew Academy of

Cavite for school year 2024-2025. The study aims to talk about how sleep

deprivation influences the concentration, memory, and performance of the

students. The study also talks about how sleep deprivation influences their well-

being, which includes physical, mental, and productivity.

The study Is limited to selected Grade 11 TVL students of St. Matthew

Academy of Cavite only. It does not cover other grade levels, academic tracks,

and schools. The study considers only sleep deprivation and its effects on

student performance and health. Other variables that could influence student

performance, e.g., nutrition, stress level, or social environment, are not part of

the research scope.

Since the research would be conducted on the basis of responses from

surveys, its findings will be susceptible to individual experience and honesty of

students in their response. And, the recommendations and findings would hold

only for the year 2024-2025 and could not be extended to other years or to

other colleges.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Concentration - h w g ’ m

Chronic Sleep Deprivation - h m g , m b , mm g

Cognitive abilities - m b h b h , ,

Drowsiness - g b g

Emotional - g m ' m .

Enhance - , , h m h , , x

Essential - b
Impair - h m m h g, h m b

Inadequate - g h

Insight - h b b g
h g

Interventions - h g

Learning Capacity - ’ b w w g

Mental - g ' wh m
x .

Mundane Activities - j b h
x g g g h g

Neurobehavioral Functions - h w h g m
b h , m g g

Overall Productivity - h

Practical Task - h h - m
b

Prevalent - w m

Prolonged Episodes - b g m

Physical - h g h gh h h h h h g.

Social - g z .

Substantial Level of Pressure - g m m

bj , ,

Sleep Deprivation - h wh b h m h
Chapter 2

Qualitative Design And Methology

A h h, g Y (2018),

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Research Cite

This investigation will be conducted at Cavite's St. Matthew Academy.

In order to better comprehend the participants' experiences with the impact of

shortage on their welfare, the researcher will employ the interview technique to

elicit detailed perspectives from them. The researcher intends to gather more

information about the distinct experiences of the students enrolled in the

Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) Home Economics track through in-

person interviews.

Selection Criteria and Participants

The survey's participants are 11th graders participating in the Technical

Vocational Livelihood (TVL) Home Economics strand at St. Matthew Academy

of Cavite. These youngsters, who range in age from 15 to 19, are immediately

affected by their sleep habits in terms of their general well-being, academic

achievement, and mental health. A total of thirty pupils will be the study's target

population.

The researcher will employ purposive sampling, a technique in which

individuals are selected according to specific characteristics relevant to the

study. In this case, the respondents will be selected based on their involvement

in the TVL Home Economics strand and their capacity to explain the effects of

sleep-deprivation. The purpose of the study is to learn how they perceive and
feel about sleep deprivation and how it affects their overall health, academic

achievement, and personal growth. Understanding how sleep deprivation

affects their academic performance, social relationships, and physical and

mental health will be the main goal.

Data Collection

The researchers will first seek approval from the principal of St.

Matthew Academy of Cavite through a consent letter before conducting any

interviews or gathering data from the Grade 11 Technical Vocational Livelihood

(TVL) Home Economics students. On the day of data collection, the

researchers will conduct one-on-one, face-to-face interviews with the selected

students to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences regarding the

effects of lack of sleep on their well-being.

The interviews will be conducted in a private, quiet setting to ensure

comfort and openness, allowing participants to express their thoughts and

feelings freely. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants, ensuring
that they fully understand the nature of the study, their voluntary participation,

and their right to withdraw at any time without facing any consequences. Ethical

standards will be strictly followed throughout the research process (Beauchamp

& Childress, 2013). Participants will be reassured about the confidentiality and

anonymity of their responses, and data will be anonymized to protect their

identities.

The interviews will be audio-recorded with the consent of the

participants to ensure accuracy during transcription and analysis. After

completing the interviews, the researchers will carefully review the recordings

and transcriptions for completeness, accuracy, and clarity. Finally, the

researchers will encode and analyze the data, following ethical standards in the

handling of sensitive information. This will ensure that the privacy and

confidentiality of the participants are maintained at all stages of the research.

Data Analysis

For this study, narrative analysis will be used to analyze the information

obtained from interviews with St. Matthew Academy of Cavite Grade 11

Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) Home Economics students. Narrative

analysis is one kind of qualitative data analysis that places an emphasis on

participant stories and unique experiences. Understanding how people

perceive their lived events and the meanings they assign to them is made

easier with this method. Since the study examines how a lack of resources,

support, or other factors affects students' well-being, narrative analysis will

allow us to gain a deeper understanding of the unique experiences and

viewpoints of each student.

 The first step in the narrative analysis process will be to transcribe the

interview audio recordings. In order to identify significant themes, patterns, and

recurring motifs in the students' descriptions of resource scarcity and how it

impacts their welfare, each interview will be thoroughly examined. The

researchers will be particularly interested in how the kids describe their

challenges, emotions, and coping mechanisms. These narratives will be

compared in order to identify any recurrent themes or variations in the

experiences of the different respondents.

The researchers will next divide the stories into appropriate categories,

focusing on subjects like academic success, mental health, personal growth,

and interpersonal connections. This categorization will help identify the specific

aspects of wellness that are most affected by a lack of support and resources.

The results will be presented in a way that highlights the experiences of the

students both individually and in groups, while also offering insights into the

broader effects of the deficit on the students' overall health.

The researchers aim to answer the research questions and capture the

essence of the students' experiences by providing a comprehensive, narrative-

based explanation of how the students' lack of resources impacts their well-

being.

Role of Researcher

When gathering data, the researchers will take on the roles of Expert

versus Learner and Detachment versus Involvement. The researchers will not

assert that they are experts on the effects of sleep deprivation on students'
health. To better comprehend the students' lived experiences, the researchers

will instead adopt the perspective of a learner. This implies that rather than

imposing their own presumptions or ideas, the researchers will approach the

study with an open mind and make an effort to comprehend the difficulties and

perspectives of the students. Their individual experiences with sleep

deprivation and the effects it has on their general health, mental stability, and

academic performance will be the main focus of the study.

When interviewing and interacting with the subjects, the researchers will

try to strike a balance between participation and detachment. This will allow the

researchers to delve deeply into the lives of the students while maintaining

objectivity. By showing that you understand and care about the participants, you

may build rapport and trust and help them feel comfortable sharing sensitive

and private information. However, the researchers must also maintain

objectivity to avoid emotional bias or an excessive influence on the results. I will

keep a professional distance to preserve the integrity of the data collection

process, but the researcher's involvement will be focused on giving the students

a safe place to express themselves without fear of repercussions.

When interviewing and interacting with the subjects, the researchers will

try to strike a balance between participation and detachment. This will allow the

researchers to explore the lives of the students in great detail while maintaining

objectivity. By showing participants that you understand and care about them,

you can build rapport and trust and encourage them to provide sensitive and

private information. To avoid emotional bias or having an excessive influence

on the results, the researchers must maintain their objectivity. I will keep a

professional distance to preserve the integrity of the data collection process,

but the researcher's involvement will be focused on giving the students a safe

place to express themselves without fear of repercussions.

Methods of Validation

The researcher will apply Descriptive Validity and Interpretive Validity to

ensure data accuracy and authenticity.

Descriptive Validity focuses on accurately representing data collected

through interviews, ensuring participants' experiences regarding sleep

deprivation and its effects on well-being are documented truthfully, without

distortion. The researcher will record students’ statements about their sleep

habits, academic performance, and emotional states in their own words,

aligning with Maxwell's (1992) concept of primary understanding.

Interpretive Validity emphasizes understanding the meanings behind

participants' words. The researcher will explore deeper emotions, intentions,

and beliefs related to the impacts of sleep deprivation on mental health and

academic performance. By considering the context of participants’ experiences,

the researcher aims to faithfully capture their perspectives and construct

accurate interpretations of their lived realities.

These two validation methods ensures that the study's findings reflect

students’ experiences accurately while acknowledging the deeper meanings

and contexts influencing their perceptions regarding sleep deprivation's impact

on their well-being.
Potential Ethical Considerations

The researchers will follow Bryman and Bell's (2007) Principles of

Ethical Consideration to ensure that the study process is conducted in an

ethical manner. The researchers promise that no party involved in the study will

experience any negative consequences as a result of taking part. By

implementing all necessary safety precautions, participants will be shielded

from any physical, psychological, or emotional injury throughout the study.

Additionally, the privacy of every research participant will be strictly

protected. The Data Privacy Act of 2012, also known as Republic Act No.

10173, which guarantees the security and confidentiality of personal data, must

be followed by the researchers. The Data Privacy Act of 2012 requires that

personal information about individuals be protected, thus the researchers will

take every precaution when handling any data acquired for the study. This

entails making certain that any private or sensitive information about the kids'

health, sleeping patterns, or other characteristics will be kept private and not

disclosed without the required authorization. Additionally, the researchers will

ensure that the data is safely maintained and that only authorized study

participants may access it.

Participants will receive a detailed explanation of the study's purpose and

scope, and participation is completely voluntary. There won't be any

consequences if they leave at any time. Informed consent will also be obtained

from each participant and, if necessary, from their guardians, taking into

account the participants' age range.

 By following these ethical guidelines, the researchers intend to carry out

this study in a conscientious and considerate way, prioritizing the rights and

welfare of all participants.