UNIT 4: URBANISATION

Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Find Your Dream Job in the City!

Finish exploring the exciting job opportunities available in our bustling urban area! With
a focus (1) __________ innovation and growth, the city is thriving with positions (2)
__________ to diverse talents. By connecting with top employers, you'll discover the potential
for a (3) __________ career that aligns with your goals.

Participating in local networking events, you'll meet industry leaders and gain insights
into the job market. Every effort matters-whether you're aiming to (4) __________ well in your
current role or seeking new challenges, there are countless paths to success.

Explore our resources, attend (5) __________ and connect with like-minded
professionals who are dedicated (6) __________ their career aspirations.

1. A. on B. at C. in D. from

2. A. catered B. that were catered C. catering D. that caters

3. A. succeed B. success C. successfully D. successful

4. A. bring B. have C. do D. make

5. A. an informative workshops B. informative workshops

C. informative workshop D. information workshops

6. A. to achieving B. to achieve

C. achieving D. to be to achieving

Exercise 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Developing Urbanization in Remote Areas!

 Urbanization in faraway places presents exciting opportunities for growth. (1) __________
may underestimate the potential of these regions, but with strategic (2) __________, they can

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flourish. Communities must turn in to sustainable practices that enhance both living (3)
__________ and economic prospects.

 Investing in essential infrastructure, such as roads and schools, is crucial for accessibility.
Green energy solutions and affordable housing are vital (4) __________ that can significantly
improve quality of life.

 (5) __________ should we overlook the importance of engaging local residents the planning
process. The number of initiatives (6) __________ urbanization is increasing, showcasing a
commitment to transforming remote areas into thriving communities.

1. A. Another B. Other C. Others D. The other

2. A. planning B. development C. investment D. decision

3. A. environment B. conditions C. area D. arrangement

4. A. items B. portions C. numbers D. amounts

5. A. With regard to B. in account of C. Irrespective of D. At no time

6. A. got away B. turned off C. focused on D. went into

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences
to make a meaningful paragraph / letter in each of the following questions.

Question 1:

a. Rachel: Hi, Phong! Thanks! I've been focused on my career development. What's new?

b. Phong: I've taken up photography as a hobby!

c. Phong: Hi, Rachel! Long time no see. You look fantastic!

A. c-b-a B. c-a-b C. a-b-c D. a-c-b

Question 2:

a. Additionally, there's a focus on creating more green spaces within cities, contributing to a
healthier environment.

b. Firstly, the government is actively promoting sustainable practices, encouraging eco-

d. Take care,

e. Dear Phuong,

Hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to share some interesting news about urban
development policies in Viet Nam.

f. It's impressive to see how these policies aim to balance urban growth with environmental
considerations.

A. e-b-a-c-f-d B. e-a-b-c-f-d C. e-b-a-d-f-c D. e-b-a-f-c-d

Exercise 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Urban Development in a Modern Era

As cities continue to grow and transform, the challenges and opportunities of urban
development become increasingly significant. (1) __________. Urban centers are becoming
hubs of innovation, attracting diverse populations and fostering economic growth. This
dynamic environment enhances the quality of life for residents and provides unique cultural
experiences (2) __________.

In addition to economic benefits, cities offer a wide array of services and amenities. (3)
__________. Public transportation systems, parks, and recreational facilities improve
accessibility and livability, making urban areas more attractive to residents and visitors alike.

Urban planning plays a vital role in addressing the complexities of city life. (4)
__________. Effective strategies ensure sustainable development while preserving green
spaces and promoting community engagement.

With advancements in technology, cities are becoming smarter and more efficient. (5)
__________. Innovations in infrastructure and services are helping to reduce congestion and
improve overall urban experiences, making cities more resilient in the face of future challenges.

Question 1:

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A. The significance of urban development is increasingly acknowledged

B. Urban environments are facing numerous challenges

C. Many cities are implementing innovative growth strategies

D. The concept of smart cities is gaining traction worldwide

Question 2:

A. that promote environmental sustainability

B. whose impacts can be seen in local economies

C. leading to a greater appreciation of cultural diversity

D. enhancing social cohesion and community spirit

Question 3:

A. Urban areas provide numerous recreational and cultural opportunities

B. Many people are choosing to live in urban environments

C. Cities offer diverse job opportunities for residents

D. Urban centers are increasingly characterized by their vibrancy

Question 4:

A. Effective planning can enhance public transport systems

B. Strategies are being implemented to improve community spaces

C. Planners are often faced with balancing growth and sustainability

D. Such initiatives are recognized for their long-term benefits

Question 5:

A. This leads to improved connectivity and efficiency

B. Technological advancements are reshaping urban landscapes

C. Citizens are actively participating in the planning process

D. The integration of smart technologies enhances livability

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Exercise 5. Read the following passage about climate change and mark the letter A, B, C, or
D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from
1 to 8.

Urbanisation is one of the most significant phenomena of the 21st century, with over half
of the global population now living in urban areas. This trend is projected to continue, with an
estimated 68% of the world's population expected to reside in cities by 2050, according to the
United Nations. While urbanisation offers many benefits, such as economic growth and
improved access to education and healthcare, it also presents numerous challenges.

One major issue is the strain on infrastructure and resources. Rapid urbanisation often
outpaces the development of essential services, leading to overcrowded transportation systems,
inadequate housing, and a lack of clean water and sanitation. Additionally, urban areas are
significant contributors to climate change, generating approximately 70% of global
greenhouse gas emissions.

To address these challenges, governments and urban planners have begun to adopt
sustainable urbanisation strategies. These include the development of smart cities, which
leverage technology to enhance efficiency and sustainability. For example, smart transportation
systems can reduce traffic congestion and lower emissions, while energy-efficient buildings
can help cities reduce their carbon footprint.

Another approach is the concept of "green cities," which emphasizes the integration of
green spaces and environmentally friendly practices into urban development. Green roofs,
urban parks, and renewable energy sources are all part of this vision. Moreover, engaging local
communities in decision-making processes can ensure that urban development meets the
needs of residents while preserving the environment.

Despite these efforts, achieving sustainable urbanisation requires global cooperation,

Question 1: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge caused by urbanisation?

A. Inadequate housing B. Strain on transportation

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C. Increased rural population D. Lack of clean water

Question 2: The word projected in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. Imagined B. Predicted C. Boosted D. Guaranteed

Question 3: The term smart cities in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

A. Cities with high population growth

B. Urban areas using technology for sustainability

C. Cities focusing only on economic growth

D. Urban developments without green spaces

Question 4: The word significant in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by __________.

A. Unimportant B. Major C. Minimal D. Negligible

Question 5: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Urban planning should involve local residents to make better decisions.

B. Local communities should make all decisions about urban development.

C. Residents are not involved in decision-making processes.

D. Environmental preservation is not a concern for urban planners.

Question 6: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Urban areas contribute to 70% of global carbon emissions.

B. The global population in cities is expected to decrease by 2050.

C. Green cities focus solely on technology for development.

D. Governments are ignoring the challenges of urbanisation.

Question 7: In which paragraph does the writer discuss the environmental impact of
urbanisation?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Question 8: In which paragraph does the writer mention the role of green cities?

A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

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Exercise 6. Read the following passage about ecotourism and mark the letter A, B, C, or D
on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1
to 10.

[I] Improving girls' educational levels has been demonstrated to have clear impacts on
the health and economic future of young women, which in turn improves the prospects of their
entire community. [II]. The infant mortality rate of babies whose mothers have received
primary education is half that of children whose mothers are illiterate. In the poorest countries
of the world, 50% of girls do not attend secondary school. [III] Yet, research shows that every
extra year of school for girls increases their lifetime income by 15%. Improving female
education, and thus the earning potential of women, improves the standard of living for their
own children, as women invest more of their income in their families than men do. Yet, many
barriers to education for girls remain. [IV]

Higher attendance rates of high schools and university education among women,
particularly in developing countries, have helped them make inroads into professional careers
with better-paying salaries and wages. Education increases a woman's (and her partner's and
the family's) level of health and health awareness. Furthering women's levels of education
and advanced training also tends to lead to later ages of initiation of sexual activity and
first intercourse, later age at first marriage, and later age at first childbirth, as well as an
increased likelihood to remain single, have no children or have no formal marriage and
alternatively, have increasing levels of long-term partnerships. It can lead to higher rates
of barrier and chemical contraceptive use (and a lower level of sexually transmitted infections
among women and their partners and children), and can increase the level of resources available
to women who divorce or are in a situation of domestic violence. It has been shown, in addition,
to increase women's communication with their partners and their employers, and to improve
rates of civic participation such as voting or the holding of office.

(Adapted from https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/JELS/article/view/408)

Question 1: Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

In some African countries, such as Burkina Faso, girls are unlikely to attend school for
such basic reasons as a lack of private latrine facilities for girls.

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

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Question 2: The phrase has been demonstrated in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by
__________.

A. has been shown to B. has been ignored by

C. has been challenged by D. has been proven wrong by

Question 3: What does the word it in paragraph 2 refer to __________.

A. the education B. the family

C. the income D. the standard of living

Question 4: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a benefit of improving

A. Women can earn higher incomes.

B. Women will have fewer children.

C. Women's health awareness increases.

D. Women will not face any barriers to education.

Question 5: The word barriers in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________.

A. advantages B. obstacles C. supports D. limitations

Question 6: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. All barriers to girls' education have been eliminated.

B. Improved education for girls leads to better family health.

C. Women who are educated are less likely to work outside the home.

D. Primary education is sufficient for women's empowerment.

Question 7: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

A. Education provides women with more control over their lives and futures.

B. Women who are educated tend to marry at a younger age.

C. Increasing educational levels among women leads to more traditional family structures.

D. Women without education are more likely to be single and childless.

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Question 8: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Education for girls will inevitably lead to job creation.

B. Educated women are more likely to advocate for community health.

C. The challenges faced by girls in education are solely financial.

D. Societal attitudes towards women's education are unchanging.

Question 9: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Enhancing girls' education significantly benefits individual and community welfare.

B. Education for girls is essential, but challenges still need to be addressed.

C. Girls' education is crucial for economic growth and health improvements.

D. While education offers many benefits, its impact varies by region.

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